Interpersonal Influence Research Articles

Personality and Interpersonal Influence: Low Adjustment and Low Competitiveness is Associated With Low Assertiveness.

This study examined the relationship between personality and interpersonal assertiveness styles, an important and neglected topic. In all, 396 working adults completed a six-factor personality test measuring work-related traits (HPTI) and a two-dimensional assessment of interpersonal styles (III) assessing four styles: Assertiveness, Passiveness, Hostile aggression, and Manipulative aggression. We were particularly interested in the correlates of aggressive and passive behaviour, as opposed to assertive behaviour. The results suggested that those with low Conscientiousness and Adjustment (i.e. Neuroticism) but high Competitiveness (low Agreeableness) were more interpersonally aggressive, while passivity was negatively associated with all traits, particularly Adjustment, but not with Conscientiousness. Regressions indicated very different traits associated with each of the four interpersonal styles. Assertiveness was associated with sex and age, but only one trait, Risk Approach (or Courage). Limitations of these findings and implications of assessing and teaching assertiveness are discussed and considered.

Predictors of organizational citizenship behavior among government personnel: A structural equation modeling approach

The study aimed to develop a causal paradigm of organizational citizenship behavior among government personnel in the SOCCSKSARGEN Region. 400 employees were selected through stratified balanced sampling. Data were collected using survey questionnaires and analyzed through the mean, Pearson r, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. The study determined that quality of work life, employee silence, and political skill statistically correlate with organizational citizenship behavior. The study inferred the predictive capacity of the exogenous latent variables in influencing the organizational citizenship behavior of LGU employees. There were five generated models of organizational citizenship behavior, and model five was determined as the best-fit structural model. The model retained five quality indicators of work life, namely compensation and rewards, training and development, relationships and cooperation, organizational culture and climate, and work environment. Prosocial silence and acquiescent silence remained as indicators of employee silence. Political skill was narrowed to three indicators, comprising social astuteness, interpersonal influence, and networking ability. Finally, altruism and civic virtue emerged as the strongest indicators of organizational citizenship behavior.

Beyond closed doors: Examining consumer reactions to public and private advice

ABSTRACT Frequently transmitted through word-of-mouth (WOM) communications, advice is viewed as a trustworthy source of information by consumers. Marketers value WOM marketing and invest resources to encourage consumer recommendations. Despite the value of interpersonal recommendations for consumers, an important research finding on advice-taking is ego-centric discounting (i.e. the phenomenon where individuals discount offered advice in favor of their own preferences). Prior work has explored mitigating factors of ego-centric discounting including characteristics of the recommender and the decision context. However, the role of interpersonal influence in advice exchange is understudied. This paper delves deeper into the role of interpersonal influence, evaluating how advice utilization is influenced by the presence of other consumers during the recommendation exchange. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that consumers are more likely to rely on advice when the recommendation is made public rather than in private. Moreover, we show that consumers readily integrate public advice in an attempt to appear appreciative for the recommendation (a self-presentation consideration). Finally, this research shows that consumers higher in need for social approval (NSA) rely more heavily on public advice. This research augments literature on consumer advice and highlights public vs. private advice as an essential factor curbing ego-centric advice discounting.

Predictors of investment intention in real estate: Extending the theory of planned behavior

This paper explores the factors affecting the investment intention of individual real estate investors utilizing the extended theory of planned behavior. With the help of self-administered questionnaire, data from 366 individual investors from India was collected. This data was analysed using two-step structural equation modelling. While significant direct effect of attitude, external influence, financial self-efficacy and perceived financial return was found, interpersonal influence, perceived financial risk, facilitating conditions and financial awareness had no significant direct impact on investment intention. Upon checking the mediating effect of attitude on the factors, all factors influenced investment intention through attitude except facilitating condition and financial awareness. It was also observed that attitude stands out as the most important aspect due to strongest influence on intention directly and also providing mediation to all variables except two. The study guides policymakers and investment institutions to develop strategies and utilize resources in a direction that can bring out a positive outcome by strengthening real estate investors’ investment intentions. It brings out the fact that financial confidence should be boosted by enabling investors to handle and manage their finances which can bring in a positive attitude for investing.

Exploring Factors Contributing to High Turnover Rate Among Digital Film Technicians: A Grounded Theory Approach

This study aimed to clarify the core elements affecting the turnover intention of grassroots employees in the digital film industry and to construct a model of the factors affecting the turnover rate in this industry. Adopting the grounded theory approach, which encompasses coding techniques such as open, axial, and selective coding, this research involved the participation of 21 grassroots practitioners to explore the causal and influencing factors of the turnover intention of grassroots practitioners in the digital film industry. The results show that determined by the unstable nature of the job and fierce market competition, interpersonal interaction is a core element that influences whether practitioners continue with or leave their jobs. The over-reliance on interpersonal skills leads to negative psychological outcomes and difficulties in career advancement for practitioners. The interpersonal interaction-focused influences model reflects the correlation between the willingness of individuals to leave and the market environment and organizational culture.

Social bonding through shared experiences: the role of emotional intensity.

Sharing emotions with other individuals is a widespread phenomenon. Previous research proposed that experiencing intense and similar emotions with other individuals reinforces social bonds. However, several aspects of this phenomenon remain unclear, notably whether social bonding requires the convergence and synchronization of emotions in the group, and whether these effects generalize across positively valenced and negatively valenced emotional contexts. To address these questions, we measured subjective emotional experiences, physiological activity (cardiac, respiratory, electrodermal) and social attitudes in dyads of unacquainted individuals who watched videos in the presence of each other. We manipulated the emotional content of the videos and the type of shared attention between participants, to test for the contribution of interpersonal influence. The results revealed that intense emotions indexed by physiological arousal were associated with the emergence of reciprocal prosocial attitudes within dyads, and that this effect depended on joint attention. We did not observe the convergence and synchronization of emotions within dyads, which suggests that experiencing similar emotions was not necessary for social bonding. We discuss implications of this study for research on collective effervescence and the social consequences of shared experiences.

Similarities and differences in the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) across gender non-conforming and cisgender young adults

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can be motivated by a broad range of functions and many individuals report multiple reasons for self-injuring. Most NSSI research has involved predominantly female samples and few studies have examined gender similarities and differences in function endorsement. MethodsWe characterise the prevalence and versatility of NSSI functions within a gender-diverse online sample of cisgender women (cis-women; n = 280), cisgender men (cis-men; n = 176), and transgender, non-binary, and other gender non-conforming young adults (TGNC; n = 80) age 18–30 (M = 23.73, SD = 3.55). The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI-F) assessed 24 intrapersonal and social functions across nine domains: affect regulation, self-punishment, anti-dissociation, anti-suicide, sensation seeking, sexuality, interpersonal influence, and body image. ResultsTGNC participants and cis-women were significantly more likely to report intrapersonally motivated NSSI and greater function versatility than cis-men. Low mood, emotional distress, suicidality, and trauma symptomology appeared to contribute to gender differences in function endorsement. Gender similarities also emerged; across groups, intrapersonal functions were substantially more common than social functions, and the most endorsed domains were affect regulation and self-punishment. No domains were gender specific. LimitationsThe OSI-F was developed from majority female samples and may not adequately capture the experiences of other gender groups. ConclusionsInterventions which reduce distress and strengthen emotion regulation are likely to benefit individuals who self-injure regardless of gender. However, most individuals report multiple NSSI functions and person-centred interventions which address this complexity are needed. Future research should develop gender-informed treatment models which consider the unique experiences of TGNC individuals and cis-men who self-injure.

Use of Political Skills by Leaders to Establish Successful Organizational Change

This study examines how leaders' political skills affect employee commitment and job ambiguity during organizational change, particularly when leader-employee interaction time is limited. We found that interpersonal influence and networking ability consistently benefit employees, regardless of how often leaders interact with them. Apparent sincerity is effective when leaders maintain regular contact, while high levels of social astuteness can backfire, causing more job ambiguity and less commitment. The research underscores the importance of these political skills in supporting employees and ensuring successful organizational change, even when leaders have limited interaction time with their employees.

Latine perspectives on the impact of family, perceptions of medication, health systems, incarceration, and housing on accessing opioid agonist therapy: A thematic analysis

IntroductionOpioid-related overdose deaths rates among Latine individuals are increasing rapidly and, in Massachusetts, have exceeded rates among non-Hispanic White individuals. Yet Latine individuals are less likely to receive opioid agonist therapies (OAT) methadone and buprenorphine, which have been demonstrated to prevent opioid deaths. Amid climbing Latine overdose rates, we lack qualitative data from Spanish-speaking people who use opioids about their views on and access to OAT. In this paper, we sought to assess variables affecting Latine individuals' initiation of OAT. MethodsWe conducted 21 semi-structured interviews – half in Spanish – with Latine-identifying individuals recruited from four locations–three residential treatment sites and one city shelter–in Boston offering services to people who use drugs. We utilized thematic analysis to identify barriers and facilitators to starting and continuing OAT. ResultsThe following themes – which cut across individual-, interpersonal-, and systems-level variables – emerged as core considerations shaping Latine participants' OAT engagement: (1) family, (2) medication desirability and accessibility, (3) health care resources, (4) housing stability, and (5) incarceration. First, family members were prominent interpersonal influences on participants' treatment decisions. For some participants, family introduced participants to opioids at young ages and later supported them in recovery. Second, engagement with OAT was shaped by individual-level opinions on the medications as well as by systems-level experiences with trying to access the medications. Participants identified benefits and drawbacks of methadone versus buprenorphine, with greater access difficulties for methadone. Third, the health care setting in Boston provided notable systems-level facilitators to OAT access, including outreach workers, Medicaid, and Spanish-speaking providers. Fourth, housing instability impeded some from accessing OAT while motivating others to initiate the medications. Finally, incarceration created systems-level barriers to OAT engagement. Most participants had been incarcerated in jail or prison but did not have access to OAT during incarceration or during their transition back to the community. ConclusionsApproaches to increase OAT engagement among Latine individuals should consider integrating family into recovery pathways, tailoring information in Spanish, developing bilingual/bicultural staffing, ensuring supportive insurance coverage systems, addressing housing needs, and making OAT available for individuals involved in the legal system.

Maternal Immunization Decision-Making Among Pregnant and Lactating People in Kenya: A Qualitative Exploration of Peer Influences on Vaccine Decision-Making for a Future RSV Vaccine

IntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory illness in infants globally, with new maternal RSV vaccines on the horizon. Vaccine decision-making during pregnancy is shaped by individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors. This study explored key interpersonal influences on maternal vaccine decision-making among pregnant and lactating people (PLP) and community members in Kenya.MethodsThis qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with six pregnant people, 18 lactating people, and 10 community members in one rural and one urban county in Kenya. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.ResultsParticipants identified the pregnant person themself, male partners, other family members, peers, and healthcare providers (HCPs) as key influences on the maternal immunization decision-making process. The majority of interviewed PLP believed that decision-making during pregnancy should be left to themselves due to autonomy and their role as the primary caregiver. Community members, including male partners, also identified pregnant people as the key decision-maker. While some PLP said they deferred to male partners to make vaccine decisions, more felt that men were not as informed on maternal and child issues as themselves or other female peers and relatives. HCPs emerged as important influences and information sources for PLP during decision-making.DiscussionUnderstanding who influences vaccine-decision making during pregnancy will help inform demand generation strategies, and in turn, uptake of future maternal vaccines, including RSV vaccines. Given the strong role HCPs and peers have in the decision-making process, targeting key potential influences is essential to improve vaccine acceptance.

How does engagement on social media reinforce life aesthetic literacy? The role of interpersonal and intrapersonal influences

With the proliferation of social media, researchers have begun exploring novel forms of literacy. One emerging concept is life aesthetic literacy (LAL), or the capacity to interpret and assign meaning to artistic and creative content perceptively. This study explores the impact of LAL on social media platforms. To do so, it draws on probability-proportional-to-size sampling in the Taiwan Communication Survey to investigate 1,776 social media–savvy adults and adopts structural equation modeling, path analysis, latent class analysis, and multi-group analysis to validate the proposed models. The findings show that increased exposure to and involvement with artistic material on social media platforms positively influence LAL. Furthermore, enhanced LAL extends to improved perceived self-expansion and self-concept clarity. These findings provide empirical evidence that social media use has a multifaceted impact on contemporary literacy and self-perception. The findings provide practical guidelines for platforms to cultivate LAL through tailored content and engagement strategies.

A health promotion model-based intervention to enhance treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundThe present study aimed to determine the effect of an intervention based on Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) on treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThe present quasi-experimental study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted in Bandar Abbas, a city in the south of Iran in 2023. The intervention group (IG) with a total number of 95 T2D patients was selected from Hormuz diabetes clinic and the control group (CG) with 95 T2D patients was selected from comprehensive health centers through a clustering sampling method. The educational intervention was implemented in 10 sessions to improve patients’ treatment adherence. The teaching methods in training sessions were lectures, joint discussions, Q&A, role-play and peer training. The participants were evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire including the constructs of Pender’s HPM about T2D treatment adherence, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and BMI. Independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, covariance analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used. Data analysis was done in SPSS 26.FindingsThree months after the intervention, in comparison to the CG, the mean and standard deviation of treatment adherence benefits (p = 0.002), treatment adherence self-efficacy (p = 0.010), treatment adherence related affect (p = 0.001), interpersonal influences (p = 0.012), commitment to plan of action (p < 0.001), treatment adherence behavior (p = 0.022), treatment adherence experiences (p = 0.001) was higher in the IG. The mean and standard deviation of situational influences (p < 0.001), immediate competing demands and preferences (p = 0.018) were lower than the CG. The results obtained from the analysis of covariance proved the effectiveness of the intervention in the constructs of Pender’s HPM and HbA1C in participants of the IG (p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed, after the intervention, for every 1 unit of change in commitment to behavior planning, action related affect and perceived self-efficacy, compared to before the intervention, there were 0.22 units, 0.16 units and 0.26 units of change in the behavior score in the IG.ConclusionThe findings proved the effectiveness of the educational intervention in improving the constructs in Pender’s HPM and the blood sugar level of T2D patients. As the results of the educational intervention showed, the use of a suitable educational approach as well as the development of appropriate educational content for the target population can significantly improve the treatment adherence behavior.Trial registrationThis study is registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20211228053558N1: https://www.irct.ir/trial/61741) and first release date of 17th March 2022.

Mental health treatments and the influence of culture: portrayals of hypnotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy in Singaporean television dramas

Stigma is one of the chief reasons for treatment-avoidant behaviour among people with mental health conditions. Stigmatising attitudes are spread through multiple determinants, including but not limited to: (i) individual...

The Occupational Stress Level of Employees in the Penitentiary Class II A, Magelang

The life of an employee entails demands and work conditions that are part of an individual's existence alongside occupational or work-related stress. Work-related stress arises from an individual's response to high workloads and job demands. This study aims to delve deeper into work-related stress among Penitentiary Class II A employees in Magelang City. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with three participants as informants using snowball sampling. The criteria for this research include prison officers of Penitentiary Class II A in Magelang, aged between 18 to 65 years old, and experienced in working at the institution. The findings of this study indicate that all three informants experience work-related stress in their work environments. Work stress varies and is driven by factors such as cognitive appraisal, experience, demands, interpersonal influence, and the stress condition viewed from individual experiences (work conditions, personality, emotions, gratitude, and hobbies).

What Influences Someone to have Compulsive Buying Behavior? A Case of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan

Aims: This research aims to investigate the impact of job burnout on compulsive buying behavior among a group of 210 Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Taiwan. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of ego depletion in this relationship and the moderating effect of consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence. The study employed a quantitative approach to examine the relationship between job burnout, ego depletion, consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence, and compulsive buying behavior among Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Taiwan. The data was analyzed by SEM-PLS. The findings indicate that job burnout significantly increases compulsive buying tendencies among Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Taiwan. However, ego depletion does not act as a mediating factor in this relationship. Conversely, consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence moderates the relationship between ego depletion and compulsive buying behavior significantly, suggesting that greater susceptibility weakens the impact of ego depletion on compulsive buying behavior. These results emphasize the importance of addressing job burnout and considering interpersonal influences in interventions aimed at mitigating compulsive buying behaviors among Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Taiwan. Such interventions have the potential to improve the mental and financial well-being of this population.

Peran Guru PAI dalam Membentuk Kecerdasan Spiritual Peserta Didik

An Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teacher is someone who teaches Islam by directing and educating students towards the process of physical and spiritual maturation. One of the roles of PAI teachers is to shape students' spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence has an important role in shaping holistic individual well-being, especially in the context of education. This research will describe important aspects of spiritual intelligence that are often neglected in the formal education curriculum, especially amidst the complex challenges faced by today's young generation. This research is classified as qualitative descriptive research using in-depth interview methods with PAI teachers who have extensive experience in teaching and guiding students in aspects of spiritual intelligence. The research results show that the role of PAI teachers is very significant in shaping students' spiritual intelligence, such as teaching religious values, developing attitudes and mentality, guiding religious life, encouraging deep understanding, and providing role models. This aims to help students understand the spiritual values in Islam to be closer to Allah and form characters based on religious values. Meanwhile, the benchmarks for achieving spiritual intelligence development are development monitoring, participant observation, writing evaluation, discussions and interviews. PAI teachers themselves also have indicators that reflect the development of students in terms of spiritual awareness, understanding of religious values and the application of religion in daily life such as spiritual awareness, understanding of religious values, worship practices, moral attitudes and behavior, quality of relationships. interpersonal, self-development, and positive influence in society.

Adopting Underdogs' Ideas Triggers Fairness? When and How Underachievers' Voice Endorsement Promotes Team Voice

SummaryPrevious research on employee voice endorsement has mostly focused on its antecedents. In particular, most scholars seem to consider employee voice endorsement as a factor influencing only the voicers themselves. Thus, they have ignored its interpersonal influences, such as at the team level. The present study explores the influence of underachievers' voice endorsement on team voice. Specifically, we not only examine a boundary condition in this relationship but also develop and test a new construct of supervisors' voice judgment fairness as a mediator. Data from two multi‐wave, multi‐source surveys show that when underachievers' voice quality is higher (versus lower), the positive relationship between underachievers' voice endorsement and supervisors' voice judgment fairness is stronger, which in turn enhances team voice. These results offer meaningful theoretical implications for the voice endorsement literature and practical implications for organizations.

Understanding Micronutrient Access through the Lens of the Social Ecological Model: Exploring the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors-A Qualitative Exploration.

Micronutrient deficiencies disproportionately affect various populations, influenced by a complex interplay of socioeconomic factors. This study delves into the intricate relationship between socioeconomic status and micronutrient access, emphasizing the perceptions of affordability, availability, and the impact of social support networks. A qualitative research design was employed, using purposive sampling to enlist a diverse cohort of participants from varied socioeconomic backgrounds. The methodology comprised semi-structured interviews and focus groups to gather detailed insights into the participants' experiences and views on micronutrient access. The analysis framework was based on the Social Ecological Model (SEM), enabling an in-depth examination of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal influences. With 30 participants, aged 20-70, representing a range of unique characteristics such as differing health conditions, cultural backgrounds, and economic statuses, the study uncovered five key themes: Individual-Level Factors, Interpersonal Relationships, Community Environment, Societal Factors, and Intersectionality. These themes illustrate how personal dietary habits, social networks, community resources, and broader socioeconomic policies converge to shape micronutrient access, emphasizing the complex interplay of overlapping social identities and structural barriers. The findings highlight the need for holistic nutrition interventions that account for the extensive spectrum of socioeconomic determinants. This study not only enriches the theoretical underpinnings of the SEM but also provides actionable insights for crafting targeted strategies to enhance micronutrient access and ameliorate dietary inequities. It advocates for comprehensive public health initiatives attuned to the nuanced needs and hurdles faced by diverse demographic sectors.

A causal model of eating behaviors among Thai pregnant women working in industrial factories

Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine the causal model of eating behaviors among pregnant women working in industrial factories. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 participants, attending 4 healthcare centers, at a tertiary care hospital in Chonburi province, Thailand. Data were collected using 7 questionnaires: demographic form, eating behavior questionnaire, perceived benefits of the healthy eating questionnaire, perceived barriers to the healthy eating questionnaire, perceived self-efficacy questionnaire, social support questionnaire, and accessibility to healthy foods questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and path analysis were used for data analysis. Results The participants had relatively high mean scores for eating behaviors. The final model fitted well with the data χ2 = 12.86, df = 10, P = 0.23; χ2/df = 1.29; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.98; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.98; adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) = 0.95; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04. Four factors—perceived benefits (β = 0.13, P &lt; 0.05), perceived self-efficacy in healthy eating (β = 0.22, P &lt; 0.001), pregnancy planning (β = 0.28, P &lt; 0.001), and accessibility to healthy foods in the factory (β = 0.12, P &lt; 0.05)—positively affected eating behavior, while only perceived barriers to healthy eating had a negative effect on eating behavior (β = −0.24, P &lt; 0.001). All the above factors explained 27.2% of the variance in eating behaviors. Conclusions Nurses or healthcare providers can apply these findings to create an eating behavior modification program, focusing on pregnancy planning, behavior-specific variables, and interpersonal and situational influence, to promote the nutritional status of pregnant women working in industrial factories.

Non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale in a community sample of adolescents: a methodological study

BackgroundThe prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among South Korean adolescents has increased significantly, requiring academic attention. This methodological study aims to develop a non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale for adolescents and evaluate its validity and reliability.MethodsIn the first phase of scale development, the factors constituting self-injury motivation were identified through a literature review and analysis of online counseling data from self-injuring adolescents. In the second phase, 45 initial preliminary items were derived based on the identified factors, and 38 preliminary items were selected through content validation by experts. In the scale validation phase, the survey was conducted using 38 items. Data were collected from adolescents with a history of self-injury, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) involving 715 participants and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) involving 537 participants. The EFA involved 27.0% male and 73.0% female participants, with a mean age of 16.83 years, and the CFA involved 20.7% male and 79.3% female participants, with a mean age of 16.15 years. The data collected were tested for validity and reliability using SPSS 28.0 and M-plus.ResultsThe EFA yielded four factors and 24 items. The factors were named interpersonal influence, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and anti-suicide, and the scale had an explanatory power of 55.8%. In the CFA, the fit of the 23-item model after deleting one item with low standardized factor loadings was x2 = 1081.52 (p < .001), CFI = 0.829, RMSEA = 0.084, and SRMR = 0.075, confirming the acceptability of the self-injury motivation scale for adolescents. The scale evaluation results for convergent validity and discriminant validity met the criteria. The reliability test results showed that the overall reliability (Cronbach’s α) was 0.88, and the reliability (Cronbach’s α) of each factor was 0.89 for interpersonal influence, 0.83 for emotion regulation, 0.63 for sensation seeking, and 0.80 for anti-suicide, satisfying internal consistency.ConclusionIn this study, the self-injury motivation scale for adolescents in the community comprised four factors and 23 items. The scale can be used to examine self-injury motivation among adolescents in the community and to develop self-injury prevention intervention programs.