Interpersonal Flexibility Research Articles

자기자비 증진 프로그램개발을 위한 요구분석

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of college students to develop a self-compassion enhancement program and to find out the factors necessary for self-compassion enhancement.
 Methods From December 12, 2022 to January 3, 2023, a needs assessment was conducted for the development of a self-compassion enhancement program targeting 302 university students across the country. The contents of the questionnaire were composed of the necessity and subject of self-compassion, operation method, factors necessary for self-compassion enhancement and the self-compassion scale, and descriptive questions were added to supplement the limitations of the survey. For data analysis, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed using Window spss 21.0, and additionally analyzed with Excel.
 Results As for the need for a self-compassion program, 92.7% of male students and 80% of female students recognized that they needed it, The subjects preferred were mindfulness-noticing, interpersonal relationships, and timidity/lack of confidence. As for the operation method, 96% showed a high willingness to participate, and 91.1% responded that the program would be helpful. The operation time required a mixed method of lectures and participation once a week, 60 minutes, 8 sessions. the factors necessary for enhancement self-compassion were psychological comfort (84.1%), interpersonal flexibility (83.3%), self-understanding and understanding of others (82.8%). Other factors include fear of interpersonal relationships and anxiety about public speaking, and the result of the current self-compassion level was 35.3%.
 Conclusions The factors extracted as a result of this demand survey are meaningful in that basic research was conducted to develop a self-compassion enhancement program for college students.

Cyber Dating Abuse Victimization and Experiential Avoidance Among Chinese Female Adolescents: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Interpersonal Flexibility.

Cyber dating abuse victimization (CDAV) among female adolescents is common and harmful; however, little is known regarding how CDAV relates to victims' experiential avoidance in the Chinese context. Drawing from general strain theory, this cross-sectional study investigated possible differences in the relationships among CDAV, experiential avoidance, and self-compassion according to female adolescents' levels of interpersonal flexibility (low vs. high). A sample of 420 female adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (mean age = 15.78 years) who had been in intimate relationships during the past year participated in a voluntary and anonymous paper-and-pencil survey. Participants completed four self-reported measures on CDAV experience, self-compassion, experiential avoidance, and interpersonal flexibility. The findings indicated that nearly 49% of participants had experienced CDAV in the last year; CDAV exposure was directly linked with experiential avoidance and indirectly related to experiential avoidance through self-compassion. Moderation analyses showed that the negative associations between CDAV and experiential avoidance and self-compassion were only significant among participants with low interpersonal flexibility. These findings deepen the understanding of CDAV as a risk factor for reduced self-compassion and increased experiential avoidance in female adolescents. However, high interpersonal flexibility is a potential protector. This study has implications for the prevention of experiential avoidance among female adolescents exposed to CDAV and supports incorporating self-compassion and interpersonal flexibility skills to combat the negative outcomes of CDAV.

Workplace Flexibility Analysis in Cyberphysical Human Systems Using Cloud-Enabled Deep Autoencoder Networks

To examine the correlation between worker safety, workplace interpersonal problems, and individual flexibility within a cyberphysical human system (CPHS), we employed a stacked autoencoder (SAE) approach and a cloud-based computing environment. The study’s statistical population includes construction companies in Mashhad, Iran. To collect data, descriptive surveys and applied research approaches are employed. Thus, data is collected using a cloud-based platform, data processing tools, and information analysis methods. It is our main objective to figure out how to reduce construction accidents and make people safer. Our study used a sample of 200 people to study the entire study population because it is difficult to study the entire study population. There were 151 valid questionnaires collected after the questionnaire distribution. We developed a 28-item questionnaire as part of the study in addition to the Questionnaire on Experience and Evaluation of Work (QEEW). Implementing an optimized SAE network can reduce dangerous situations, physical injuries, supervisor conflict, workplace stress, interpersonal conflict, and colleagues’ involvement. As a consequence of the large amount of data needed for quick analysis and mechanism construction, cloud computing performed admirably. The study of interpersonal conflicts and individual flexibility among construction workers was necessary because only limited research had been conducted on these topics.

Hunger games: Associations between core eating disorder symptoms and responses to rejection by peers during competition.

Individuals with eating disorder (ED) symptoms are sensitive to social threat and report maladaptive interpersonal styles that may contribute to and exacerbate negative evaluation from others. Research in this area has relied primarily on self-report. The current study examined associations between behavioral responses to social threat and core ED symptoms using a behavioral paradigm. Based on previous findings that individuals with binge-eating report being more reactive and confrontational, whereas individuals with dietary restriction tend to be more submissive and avoidant of conflict, we hypothesized that binge eating would be associated with a greater tendency to retaliate against rejection perpetrators, whereas dietary restriction would be associated with a lower tendency to retaliate when rejected. Undergraduate women (N = 132) completed a self-report measure of ED symptoms and participated in an online "Survivor"-type game in which they voted to either accept or reject computerized coplayers, while also receiving acceptance or rejection feedback from others. Neither ED symptom was associated with how often participants retaliated against coplayers who rejected them. However, dietary restriction was related to more rejection votes overall (i.e., the tendency to reject others regardless of how others voted). Findings suggest that individuals with dietary restriction may rely on a maladaptive defensive strategy aimed at pre-empting rejection, or alternatively, have difficulty shifting from habitual self-isolating behavior that results from over-involvement with restricting symptoms. Interventions targeting hypersensitivity to social threat or interpersonal flexibility may help reduce interpersonal stress and mitigate its impact on restricting symptoms.

Peculiarities of Parents Attitudes Reflection by Young Men from Nuclear and Single-Parent Families

The article presents the results of the theoretical and empirical research of the reflection of parental attitude by children who are raised in full and non-existent families. At the theoretical level, the psychological conditions of the development of the family are analyzed, which are the implementation of functions by adult family members (parents), peculiarities of the family’s psychological climate, characteristics of marital relations. It is established that the changed composition and structure of the family influence the development of the child’s personality in the cognitive, intellectual, emotional and behavioural spheres. It is determined that the structural components of the family are its composition, a number of members, family functions, role structure and interpersonal relationships, cohesion, hierarchy, flexibility, external and internal boundaries of the family. As a separate type, a destructive (incomplete) family is identified as being in a modified structure (one or both parents is absent), the harmony of infamily relationships is disturbed, a marked imbalance in the implementation of family functions, and the inversion of roles is present. Empirically revealed significant differences in the reflection of parental attitudes by children from full and part-time families throughout the teenage period. It has been found that younger teens from destructive families are much less likely to reflect such types of parenting attitudes as adoption; cooperation; symbiosis in comparison with the interviewed teenagers from full families. It was stated that younger teens from full families considerably less often reflect such types of parenting attitudes as authoritarian hypersocialization and disability, compared to those surveyed by adolescents from single-parent families. In the group of the studied middle-aged adolescents, a similar tendency has been established: adolescents from destructive families show a decrease in average values of acceptance rates; cooperation; Symbiosis against the background of increase of average values of indicators on the scale of authoritarian hypersocialization and disability as compared to respondents of the control group. It is shown that there is a tendency to decrease the average values of indicators of teenagers from destructive families in comparison with adolescents from full families and in senior adolescents.

NURSES’ EMPATHY IN AN EMERGENCY HOSPITAL SERVICE

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the empathy of nursing professionals who work in an urgency and emergency hospital service. Method: a cross-sectional study with 230 nursing professionals working in a public hospital in Maceió (Alagoas/Brazil). Data collected by sociodemographic questionnaire and Empathy Inventory between 2014 and 2015. Descriptive statistics of the data, analysis of variance and Cronbach's alpha of significance 0.05. Results: out of the 230 professionals, 59 were nurses and 171 mid-level nursing professionals, with a mean age of 42.3 years old, 205 were women, 120 were married, 175 had children and 108 had a college education. Participants had higher levels of affective sensitivity (82.9%) and perspective (73.0%), followed by altruism (64.7%) and interpersonal flexibility (59.7%). In general, there was a statistically significant difference between the nursing professionals in relation to empathy, and the nurse was more empathic (p value=0.039) than the other professionals. Conclusion: among the four factors that make up the empathy ability, the greater ability to take perspective, to raise awareness of other people's situations, to accept ideas that are foreign to theirs, and to sacrifice themselves for the benefit of others, have stood out among the nursing professionals in the emergency service. In nursing, empathy is generally associated with the professional category.

A double-edged sword? Sub-types of psychological flexibility are associated with distinct psychiatric disorders

IntroductionPsychological flexibility is associated with both better and worse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to differentiate two types of psychological flexibility – affective instability and interpersonal flexibility – and to estimate associations with psychiatric disorders. MethodStudy participants were drawn from a large outpatient psychiatric sample that completed standard assessment batteries at an academic hospital (N = 1358, 55.5% males, mean age = 43.87, SD = 16.57). ResultsLess interpersonal flexibility was associated with depressive diagnoses. Greater affective instability was associated with bipolar disorder and was negatively associated with psychotic disorders, but showed no association with depressive disorders. ConclusionDiffering degrees of flexibility and instability in emotional and interpersonal domains may be uniquely associated with specific classes of psychological disorders.

Empathic profile of nursing freshmen.

To analyze the empathic profile and the empathy scores of freshmen of the nursing course. Descriptive study involving 399 freshmen students of two modalities of nursing courses: Bachelor and Bachelor and Teaching Diploma, in the period from 2012 to 2015. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Empathy Inventory were applied. The research received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. The students registered their acceptance to participate in the research by signing the Free and Informed Consent Form and anonymity was guaranteed. The mean age of the participants was 19 years, being 85.5% female. The students were grouped by course modality and all groups presented high empathy scores. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found, which indicates that students of the Bachelor and Teaching Diploma program presented a higher degree of empathy for the General Score, Domain 2 (Interpersonal Flexibility), and Domain 3 (Altruism) in relation to students in the Bachelor program. Results show that nursing undergraduate freshmen are emphatic, with minimum differences between the two courses. This profile is relevant for the development of future professionals capable to demonstrate a balance between instrumental and expressive competences.

Polska adaptacja kwestionariusza CSIE Locke'a do pomiaru poczucia skuteczności interpersonalnej i jego osobowościowe korelaty

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja polskiej wersji kwestionariusza do pomiaru poczucia skuteczności interpersonalnej – Skal koła skuteczności interpersonalnej (Circumplex Scales for Interpersonal Efficacy; CSIE) Locke’a – oraz poznanie osobowościowych uwarunkowań konstruktów koła interpersonalnego i szerokości repertuaru zachowań interpersonalnych. CSIE są oparte na modelu koła interpersonalnego Wigginsa (Wiggins, Trapnell, Phillips, 1988) i mierzą 8 aspektów interpersonalnego poczucia skuteczności: Dominujący, Dominujący i Zdystansowany, Zdystansowany, Ustępliwy i Zdystansowany, Ustępliwy, Ustępliwy i Życzliwy, Życzliwy, Dominujący i Życzliwy. Badanie przeprowadzono na próbie N = 306. Rzetelność jednej skali (FG – Ustępliwy i Zdystansowany) jest niska, rzetelności pozostałych skal są zadowalające. Struktura wewnętrzna i trafność teoretyczna narzędzia są satysfakcjonujące. Stwierdzono, że interpersonalne poczucie skuteczności jest najsilniej powiązane z metacechą Beta / Plastyczność, co poddano dyskusji w kontek ie Cybernetycznej Teorii Wielkiej Piątki (Cybernetic Big Five Theory; CB5T) DeYounga (2015). Jako wskaźniki szerokości repertuaru zachowań interpersonalnych zastosowano elastyczność interpersonalną (wzniesienie profilu) oraz sztywność interpersonalną (długość wektora). Elastyczność interpersonalnego poczucia skuteczności i cech interpersonalnych jest powiązana z ekstrawersją, ugodowością, stabilnością emocjonalną, intelektem, Alfą / Stabilnością, Betą / Plastycznością oraz Ogólnym Czynnikiem Osobowości. Z kolei sztywność wartości i cech interpersonalnych koreluje z ekstrawersją, ugodowością, stabilnością emocjonalną, intelektem, Alfą / Stabilnością, Betą / Plastycznością oraz Ogólnym Czynnikiem Osobowości.

The Direct and Indirect Relationship between Interpersonal Self-Support Traits and Perceived Social Support: A Longitudinal Study

Based on our previous cross-sectional survey, the current study investigated the longitudinal relationship between interpersonal self-support traits and perceived social support in another sample. A sample of 502 Chinese high school students completed the Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Adolescent Students (ISSS-AS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) twice across a 6-month interval. The longitudinal path analysis revealed that after controlling for initial perceived social support, interpersonal initiative and interpersonal flexibility were related to perceived social support six months later through the mediating role of enacted social support at Time1. In addition, interpersonal flexibility was directly associated with perceived social support six months later. The current findings suggested that the interpersonal traits of interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal initiative were related to perceived social support cross time, and might discover a new interpersonal trait related to perceived social support.

大学生人际自立特质与反应–主动攻击性的关系

为了研究大学生人际自立与反应–主动攻击性的关系，采用《大学生人际自立量表》和《反应–主动攻击问卷》对1112名在校大学生进行了调查，结果发现：反应性攻击与人际独立、人际主动、人际责任、人际灵活和人际开放五种特质均呈显著负相关，主动性攻击与人际独立、人际责任、人际灵活和人际开放均呈现显著负相关，同时主动性攻击与性别和年级也存在显著正相关关系。可以初步认为人际自立特质是主动性和反应性攻击的保护性人格因素的假设。 The study examined the relation between interpersonal self-support traits and reactive-proactive aggression. The Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Undergraduate Students (ISSS-US) and Reac-tive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) were administrated to 1112 undergraduate stu-dents. The results showed that reactive aggression showed a significant negative correlation with interpersonal independence, interpersonal initiative, interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal openness; proactive aggression also showed a significant negative correlation with interpersonal independence, interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal openness. At the same time proactive aggression had a significant positive correlation with gender and grade. The results preliminarily support that interpersonal self- support traits are protective personality factor about reactive-proactive aggression.

This Time, It’s Real: Affective Flexibility, Time Scales, Feedback Loops, and the Regulation of Emotion

Because both emotional arousal and regulation are continuous, ongoing processes, it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate them. Thus, affective dynamics can reveal the regulation of emotion as it occurs in real time. One way that this can be done is through the examination of intra- and interpersonal flexibility or the transitions into and out of affective states. The present article reviews and then expands upon the Flex3 model of real-time dynamic and reactive flexibility, specifying the ways in which individual differences in emotion regulation manifest as differences in flexibility. The differences in results at the real-time scale versus diurnal variability are also discussed within an emotion regulation framework.

The relations between interpersonal self-support traits and emotion regulation strategies: A longitudinal study

Although several cross-sectional surveys have shown that certain traits such as extraversion and neuroticism are related to emotion regulation, few studies have explored the nature of this relationship. The present study tried to explore the longitudinal relation between traits and emotion regulation strategies. The Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Middle School Students (ISSS-MSS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were administrated to 374 middle school students two times across a 6-month interval. A path analysis via structural equation modeling of the five interpersonal self-support traits and the two emotion regulation strategies was tested. The results showed that interpersonal independence predicted expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal, and that interpersonal initiative also predicted reappraisal, while reappraisal predicted interpersonal flexibility and interpersonal openness 6 month later. These results support the hypotheses that some personality traits influence certain emotion regulation strategies, while other traits may be influenced by specific emotion regulation strategies.

Avaliação da evolução da empatia em alunos do quarto ano da graduação em medicina da Unifesp em 2012

OBJETIVO: O estudo consiste em reavaliar, em 2012, a empatia em alunos do quarto ano de Medicina da Unifesp, que foram avaliados em 2009 enquanto cursavam o primeiro ano, e comparar os resultados obtidos. MÉTODO: Um instrumento validado, chamado Inventário de Empatia5, foi usado para medir a empatia entre 80 alunos do quarto ano de graduação da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Unifesp. O inventário tem 40 perguntas em escala Likert, que avalia quatro fatores que compõem a habilidade de empatia: Tomada de Perspectiva, Flexibilidade Interpessoal, Altruísmo, Sensibilidade Afetiva. RESULTADOS: A empatia dos alunos da graduação em Medicina da Unifesp não apresentou variação estatisticamente significativa quando comparada em 2009 e 2012. CONCLUSÃO: O maior contato que os alunos mantêm com os pacientes desde o início da graduação, aliado à grade curricular repleta de matérias voltadas para a área de Humanas, possivelmente explica o resultado obtido. Os alunos da instituição são capazes de desenvolver a técnica, dando-lhe um caráter mais humanista e aprendendo desde cedo a tratar doentes, e não doenças.

The Mechanism by Which Interpersonal Coping Flexibility Influences Self-Esteem

The objectives of the present study were to conceptualize interpersonal coping flexibility and to explore how it influences personal adaptation. Two hundred sixty two university students were classified based on their responses to prompts about their degree of prioritizing harmony and the number of coping strategies they employed when dealing with interpersonal conflicts. Four different types of interpersonal coping flexibility were identified: harmonious flexible, discordant flexible, harmonious inflexible, and discordant inflexible. Subsequently, 72 of the participants were randomly assigned to two groups primed by an interpersonally accepting or an interpersonally ostracizing situation. The type of interpersonal coping flexibility and priming had an interactive effect on implicit self- esteem. In the ostracizing priming condition, participants in the discordant inflexible group displayed lower implicit selfesteem.

Study on the relationship between self-supporting personality and career maturity of medical students

Objective To investigate the developmental status and their relationship of self-supporting personality and career maturity of medical students. Methods 450 medical students were surveyed by self-supporting personality scale and career maturity questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to do data analysis. Results (1)Most dimensions of self-supporting personality such as personal initiative, interpersonal initiative, interpersonal flexibility and personal responsibility were positively related to the career maturity (r=0.53, P<0.01; r=0.49, P<0.01; r=0.46, P<0.01; r=0.45, P<0.01). (2)Career maturity of medical students can be positively predicted by several dimensions of self-supporting personality (R2=0.49, F=60.10, P<0.01). Conclusion The career maturity of medical students is closely associated with their self-supporting personality. Key words: Medical students; Self-supporting personality; Career maturity

The Relationship Between Interpersonal Self-Support and Depression: A Longitudinal Study

Previous cross-sectional studies have found that most traits of interpersonal self-support (ISS) were associated with depression symptoms, but longitudinal studies have been lacking. The Interpersonal Self-Support Scale for Adolescent Students (ISSS-AS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were administrated twice over a six month interval to 427 participants recruited from five universities. Cross-lagged path analysis revealed that depression at Time 1 significantly negatively predicted the five ISS subscales: interpersonal independence (IId), interpersonal initiative (II), interpersonal responsibility (IR), interpersonal flexibility (IF), and interpersonal openness (IO), at Time 2 after controlling for prior levels of the five ISS traits. In addition, IR at Time 1 predicted depression at Time 2 even after controlling for prior levels of depression and the other ISS subscales (IId, II, IF, and IO) at Time 1. The results suggest: (1) that IR may serve as a protective personality factor for depression and (2) that depression may negatively influence interpersonal traits related to interpersonal problem-solving.

The relation of self-supporting personality, enacted social support, and perceived social support

This study examines the relational model of self-supporting personality, enacted social support, and perceived social support in a sample of 482 Chinese high school students using the Self-Supporting Personality Scale for Adolescent Students (SSPS-AS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results from the cross-sectional structural equation analyses revealed that interpersonal initiative, interpersonal openness, personal openness and personal initiative predicted perceived social support through the mediating role of enacted social support, while interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal flexibility, and personal initiative predicted perceived social support directly. Thus, the hypothesized relational model of personality, enacted social support, and perceived social support was supported. The positive relational schema may be the main underpinning of the relation of self-supporting personality, enacted social support, and perceived social support. Culture also may influence the relation.

Unpacking Cultural Differences in Interpersonal Flexibility: Role of Culture-Related Personality and Situational Factors

This research aimed to unpack cultural differences in interpersonal flexibility by examining the impact of culture on interpersonal flexibility via self-construal. In Study 1, a cross-cultural comparison in levels of interpersonal flexibility was performed and the hypothesized mediating role of an interdependent self-construal was tested. Participants included 92 Chinese and 87 Caucasian American university students. Results showed that Chinese participants generally reported greater interpersonal flexibility than their Caucasian American counterparts. Interdependent self-construal accounted for country differences in interpersonal flexibility. Study 2 adopted a cultural-priming paradigm to determine the causal role of culture in context-dependent information processing and interpersonal flexibility. In the experiment, 120 Chinese participants were presented with Chinese cultural, American cultural, or control primes. The dependent measures were context dependency and flexible responses across different negotiation tasks. Compared with participants presented with American primes, those presented with Chinese primes reported more context-dependent thoughts and displayed greater discriminative responses across interpersonal situations.

Development of the Self-supporting Personality Scale for Adolescent Students

Self-supporting(自立)is a traditional concept in Chinese culture and is regarded as an essence of the Chinese national spirit.The self-supporting personality is a typical personality construal and refers to the excellent personality traits of self-supporting people.The concept of self-supporting personality differs from Western concepts such as independence and autonomy because the self-supporting personality is a dialectic personality factor.In other words,self-supporting personality is the unification of personal independence and interpersonal connection,which are opposites.According to the results of a series of studies,the structure of self-supporting personality was constructed as a first-order model with 10 factors.Further,the 10 factors should be classified into two theoretical categories:personal self-supporting and interpersonal self-supporting.On the basis of the theoretical hypothesis,the self-supporting personality scale for adolescent students(SSPS-AS)was developed using five tentative surveys.The scale included the personal self-supporting subscale and interpersonal self-supporting subscale.The scale was administered to 1723 valid subjects.These subjects were divided into two samples,and an exploratory factor analysis was performed on one sample,while a confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the other sample.Based on the results of the analyses,48 items were confirmed for the scale.The results of the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that(1)the personal self-supporting subscale and interpersonal self-supporting subscale were first-order models with 5 factors;(2)there was no significant difference among the structure models of the self-supporting personality of college,senior high school,and junior high school students.(3)The 10 factors of the self-supporting personality were relatively independent of each other.The 10 factors of the self-supporting personality were personal independence,personal initiative,personal responsibility,personal flexibility,personal opening,interpersonal independence,interpersonal initiative,interpersonal responsibility,interpersonal flexibility,and interpersonal opening.