Interoperable Services Research Articles

Analyzing the Alibaba-Suning Partnership: Strategies and Outcomes

This paper deeply discusses the strategic cooperation between Alibaba and Suning Yunshang, and analyzes its strategic significance and cooperation results in the context of new retail. By sharing resources and complementing each other’s strengths, the two sides have built a new retail ecosystem integrating online and offline, and realized the all-round interoperability of goods, services, technologies and data. This cooperation has not only promoted the rapid growth of the two sides’ business, but also promoted the deep integration of the retail industry and the Internet industry, providing a strong reference for the future development of e-commerce and retail industry in China and even the world. The strategic partnership between Alibaba and Suning Yunshang represents a significant milestone in the evolution of new retail, where online and offline channels converge to create a seamless consumer experience. By leveraging each other’s strengths—Alibaba’s robust e-commerce platform and Suning’s extensive offline retail network—the two companies have fostered a new retail ecosystem that integrates goods, services, technologies, and data across both platforms.

A digital service standardization model for Nigeria: The role of NITDA in regulatory compliance

The digital transformation in Nigeria has accelerated the need for effective standards and regulations to ensure quality and interoperability of digital services. The National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) plays a crucial role in this context by overseeing regulatory compliance and fostering a conducive environment for digital innovation. This review presents a comprehensive model for digital service standardization tailored to Nigeria's unique socio-economic and technological landscape. The proposed model emphasizes the importance of regulatory frameworks established by NITDA in promoting consistency, reliability, and security across various digital platforms and services. The model outlines key components necessary for effective standardization, including policy formulation, compliance monitoring, and stakeholder engagement. It integrates best practices from international standards while adapting them to local needs and challenges. Central to the model is the role of NITDA in developing and enforcing standards that align with global benchmarks, thereby ensuring that Nigerian digital services are competitive and secure. A significant aspect of the model is its focus on regulatory compliance, which is vital for maintaining the integrity of digital services and protecting user data. The review discusses how NITDA's regulatory initiatives address common issues such as data privacy, cybersecurity, and service quality. By examining case studies and industry feedback, the review highlights the impact of NITDA's efforts on improving the overall digital service ecosystem in Nigeria. The model also addresses the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of standards in response to technological advancements and emerging threats. It proposes mechanisms for regular updates and revisions to standards, ensuring that they remain relevant and effective. Additionally, the review explores the role of collaborative partnerships between NITDA, industry stakeholders, and academic institutions in advancing digital service standardization. The proposed digital service standardization model provides a structured approach to enhancing regulatory compliance and fostering a robust digital environment in Nigeria. It underscores the pivotal role of NITDA in driving these efforts and offers a framework for ongoing improvement and adaptation to the dynamic digital landscape.

A smart-contract-based adaptive security governance architecture for smart city service interoperations

Smart cities represent a promising paradigm aimed at enhancing citizens’ quality of life through cutting-edge infrastructure and technological advancements. Collaborative services serve as a cornerstone for any smart city, fostering seamless cooperation among diverse entities, including government agencies, businesses, and individuals, thereby enhancing community outcomes. These services are pivotal, promoting seamless communication and collaboration among various smart applications, and facilitating data exchange, resource sharing, and functional interactions within smart city environments to optimize efficiency, effectiveness, and user experiences. However, the development and deployment of secure, interoperable services in smart cities present significant challenges. These issues encompass, ensuring data security compliance during interoperation, effective management of interconnected services, securely handling sensitive data across services, and addressing issues related to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) traits. To tackle these challenges, this research proposes an innovative adaptive security governance framework tailored for smart cities. This framework relies on dynamic security policies implemented through smart contracts to guarantee data security and privacy during smart service interoperation. Real-world use cases in collaborative smart city environments validate the framework, integrating multi-chain blockchain technology, smart services APIs, and Software-Defined Networking (SDN), showcasing its ability to enhance security and efficiency in collaborative services. This study contributes to the development of safe and efficient collaborative services inside smart cities, tackling administrative issues while emphasizing data security and privacy. Smart cities may improve citizens’ living conditions while successfully addressing crucial security problems in an ever-changing environment by using this architecture.

Transforming evidence-based clinical guidelines into implementable clinical decision support services: the CAREPATH study for multimorbidity management.

The CAREPATH Project aims to develop a patient-centered integrated care platform tailored to older adults with multimorbidity, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia. Our goal is to empower multidisciplinary care teams to craft personalized holistic care plans while adhering to evidence-based guidelines. This necessitates the creation of clear specifications for clinical decision support (CDS) services, consolidating guidance from multiple evidence-based clinical guidelines. Thus, a co-creation approach involving both clinical and technical experts is essential. This paper outlines a robust methodology for generating implementable specifications for CDS services to automate clinical guidelines. We have established a co-creation framework to facilitate collaborative exploration of clinical guidelines between clinical experts and software engineers. We have proposed an open, repeatable, and traceable method for translating evidence-based guideline narratives into implementable specifications of CDS services. Our approach, based on international standards such as CDS-Hooks and HL7 FHIR, enhances interoperability and potential adoption of CDS services across diverse healthcare systems. This methodology has been followed to create implementable specifications for 65 CDS services, automating CAREPATH consensus guideline consolidating guidance from 25 selected evidence-based guidelines. A total of 296 CDS rules have been formally defined, with input parameters defined as clinical concepts bound to FHIR resources and international code systems. Outputs include 346 well-defined CDS Cards, offering clear guidance for care plan activities and goal suggestions. These specifications have led to the implementation of 65 CDS services integrated into the CAREPATH Adaptive Integrated Care Platform. Our methodology offers a systematic, replicable process for generating CDS specifications, ensuring consistency and reliability across implementation. By fostering collaboration between clinical expertise and technical proficiency, we enhance the quality and relevance of generated specifications. Clear traceability enables stakeholders to track the development process and ensure adherence to guideline recommendations.

Extracting Electronic Health Record Neuroblastoma Treatment Data With High Fidelity Using the REDCap Clinical Data Interoperability Services Module.

Although the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Data Commons (INRGdc) has enabled seminal large cohort studies, the research is limited by the lack of real-world, electronic health record (EHR) treatment data. To address this limitation, we evaluated the feasibility of extracting treatment data directly from EHRs using the REDCap Clinical Data Interoperability Services (CDIS) module for future submission to the INRGdc. Patients enrolled on the Children's Oncology Group neuroblastoma biology study ANBL00B1 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00904241) who received care at the University of Chicago (UChicago) or the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) after the go-live dates for the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-compliant EHRs were identified. Antineoplastic drug orders were extracted using the CDIS module. To validate the CDIS output, antineoplastic agents extracted through FHIR were compared with those queried through EHR relational databases (UChicago's Clinical Research Data Warehouse and VUMC's Epic Clarity database) and manual chart review. The analytic cohort consisted of 41 patients at UChicago and 32 VUMC patients. Antineoplastic drug orders were identified in the extracted EHR records of 39 (95.1%) UChicago patients and 26 (81.3%) VUMC patients. Manual chart review confirmed that patients with missing (n = 8) or discontinued (n = 1) orders in the CDIS output did not receive antineoplastic agents during the timeframe of the study. More than 99% of the antineoplastic drug orders in the EHR relational databases were identified in the corresponding CDIS output. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of extracting EHR treatment data with high fidelity using HL7-FHIR via REDCap CDIS for future submission to the INRGdc.

Navigating transatlantic power dynamics in ICT standardization – The case of ETSI

Standards are the foundation of global trade facilitating the compatibility and interoperability of goods and services through institutional coordination to reduce transaction costs, shape technological choices, and market access. Such private transnational rulemaking has faced increased competition in key technological sectors. In Europe, ETSI has been critical for the European telecommunications market in the aftermath of liberalization of national monopolies as Europe sought to enhance market power to attract European and non–European firms to develop key technological standards. With the standardization strategy in 2022, the European Union has requested the revision of internal governance and operating norms of ETSI to strengthen European economic interests and social values. This has generated concern in the United States over the increase in government–based membership at the expense of a more open model. As international leadership in standards continues to be challenged by China, the US and EU have highlighted the importance of values–based standards. This has generated efforts to promote cooperation with strategic partners. The reform of ETSI could be viewed as a defensive strategy at odds with its globally oriented model of standards development and may undermine its legitimacy as a leading open and inclusive standards body in the field.

Mobile money, credit to deposit ratio and monetary policy: Empirics from Ghana

The effectiveness of monetary policy in Ghana has been questionable with the advent of mobile money activities, which are gradually replacing some of the roles of commercial banks. This study investigates the effects of mobile money transactions on Ghanaian commercial banks' credit-to-deposit ratio and the effectiveness of the monetary policy rate in the era of mobile money services using ARDL techniques, Granger causality and impulse response functions.The study reveals that Ghanaian commercial banks' credit-to-deposit ratio decreases with increased mobile money transactions, indicating a substitutability relationship. Banks' credit-to-deposit ratio is impacted by non-performing loans and asset returns, while the monetary policy rate has an insignificant impact. The results from the IRFs also showed that a positive shock to monetary policy reduces banks' credit-to-deposit ratio but increases mobile money transactions and non-performing loans. For policy implications, collaboration between commercial banks and mobile money service providers can be enhanced through interoperability services.

Novel framework for BIM interoperability for sustainability and green buildings - an application for concrete structures

The construction industry has a great impact on the environment, therefore sustainable construction presents itself as a growing requirement of society. However, the concern with green buildings must not only be considered during the construction stage, but also during the entire life cycle of the building, integrating all stages from the design up until the demolition. Ensuring that the information permeates this lifecycle without data losses is vital. This way, efficient interoperability can support sustainability, allowing data to feed the process, and promoting the creation of more sustainable buildings. BIM (Building Information Modeling) arises as a means to support interoperability improvements in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry, by sharing models through open formats and enabling communication amongst actors. This paper presents a framework for BIM interoperability, with the goal to support knowledge organization and aid users in the decision-making processes. It will allow users to track sustainability concepts throughout the entire green BIM lifecycle and to improve processes in the construction industry toward more interoperable processes, minimizing data loss, and improving communication and efficiency. The framework is presented through process mapping techniques to analyze and integrate sustainability concepts using BIM throughout the lifecycle of a building. This framework considers not only data interoperability but also other aspects such as process, business, and service interoperability. Also, an application of the framework is described, using the case of cast-in-place concrete structures. Research findings identified the critical data points in the lifecycle of concrete structures which can influence sustainability.

"The Simpler, the Better." A Qualitative Study on Digital Health Transformation in Early Adopter Rheumatology Outpatient Clinics.

Workforce shortage and the increasing burden of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases lead to extreme time constraints in rheumatology outpatient care. Digital services promise to facilitate care by relieving employees and unleash new capacities. This study aims to explore the perspectives of early adopter health care professionals (HCP) on digital transformation in outpatient rheumatology. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with rheumatology nurses and physicians in 3 German rheumatology outpatient clinics, each characterized by an advanced level of digital adaption. Qualitative data were subsequently analyzed using deductive-inductive qualitative content analysis. Interviews with 11 rheumatology nurses and 5 rheumatologists were completed. Three key themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (i) Digital transformation of care; (ii) impact of digital transformation on health care delivery; and (iii) perceived drivers of successful digitalization. The interviews revealed that digital technologies are widely used throughout the complete patient pathway. Digitalization enables more continuity and flexibility in rheumatology care. Patient information can be electronically obtained in a standardized manner prior to planned visits, enabling an informed consultation and more time for in-depth patient discussion. Although digitalization restructures work, it can also increase the current workload. Improved accessibility for patient calls leads to more work for HCP. Important drivers of successful digital technology implementation are low-threshold and interoperable services, a medical team that is interested and educated in eHealth, and comprehensive patient information and onboarding. Digital transformation is increasingly redefining rheumatology care. While accelerating communication and workflows, improved service accessibility leads to more work for HCP.

Integration of urban aerial cable cars into public transit: Operational capacity limits due to passenger queuing at stations

As the airspace is increasingly gaining importance as a new frontier to improve urban mobility, aerial cable cars are being discussed and already appropriately implemented worldwide to supplement conventional modes of transport in urban areas. Transit planners and designers should carefully consider the interoperability and integration of cable car services with conventional modes of transport. In particular, excessive delays and overcrowding conditions due to deficits in interoperability should be avoided. This challenge of interoperability arises as conventional modes of transport operate predominantly on a timetable, and most cable car technologies operate in such close headways that they can be considered as almost continuous conveyors. The advantage of having almost always a transport vessel of a cable car ready for boarding ceases when large volumes of passengers arrive in batches, for example from higher-capacity modes of transport or at large events, resulting in long queues. Traditional manuals do not yet reflect these aspects of interoperability adequately. Consequently, this work filled this research gap about the interoperability of cable cars related to handling high volumes of incoming passenger arrivals that transfer in larger batches from feeder modes and often result in queues at cable car stations. The following objectives were targeted: (1) determine passenger capacity limits of conventional modes of transport acting as feeders to cable cars and (2) specify space requirements to be provided due to the potential queues that arise. To answer these, methods of Queuing Theory were used and results were placed in Levels of Services of traditional manuals. Key performance indicators included queue length, waiting time, and corresponding queue space. The results revealed that cable cars can be a useful complement to public transit but are of limited feasibility due to cumulative queues at arrival rates with larger crowds. High-capacity feeder modes (e.g., commuter rails) are limited to 20-minute headways depending on cable car technologies. Further, queuing areas of up to 1000 square meters (around 10,800 ft2) should be considered. Several operational limitations are presented as guidance for practitioners and policymakers.

Healthcare Services Interoperability in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities

Healthcare Services Interoperability in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities

EU-SOLARIS: The European Research Infrastructure Consortium for CSP Technologies

After many years of fruitful collaboration in the field of research infrastructures (RIs) for concentrated solar power/solar thermal energy applications, several European countries decided to apply to the European Commission to go a step forward and create a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), a new legal form of association which poses a number of advantages in the endeavour for a further development of this technology in Europe at all levels.
 This new consortium, EU-SOLARIS ERIC, is likely to be legally implemented in October 2022, after a long negotiation and evaluation process, where the support of the respective Governmental research agencies of the countries involved has been crucial.
 EU-SOLARIS ERIC will be a legal entity and its main goal will be the improvement of the interoperability, accessibility and quality of services provided by the existing European research infrastructures to the CSP/STE research communities and industrial stakeholders.
 Although the current Members of the EU-SOLARIS consortium are Germany, France, Cyprus and Spain (Statutory Seat at Plataforma Solar de Almería, Spain), plus Portugal as an Observer, it is open to any other country willing to participate as Member or Observer.

ENABLING INTEROPERABILITY OF URBAN BUILDING ENERGY DATA BASED ON OGC API STANDARDS AND CITYGML 3D CITY MODELS

Abstract. This paper presents an investigation into the interoperability of 3D building energy data management, delivery, processing, and visualization via web clients using Open Geospatial Consortium – Application Programming Interface (OGC API) standard-based data models and web interfaces. Specifically, the OGC API – 3D GeoVolumes enable access to 3D city model geometries and semantics on the web, the OGC API – Features support the 2D version of the same geospatial data, the OGC API – Processes are used for CityGML analytics and building energy computation with the SimStadt urban simulation software and the OGC SensorThings API is utilized to manage related spatiotemporal or time-series datasets. The efficacy of this approach has been demonstrated in the OGC Testbed 18 Innovation Program, which highlighted the capacity of OGC API web services to synchronize building energy data and computation results between client and server for the case study of Helsinki, Finland, and Montreal, Canada. The advantages of using OGC API services for 3D building energy data interoperability are discussed, and it is suggested that the use of OGC API be promoted to the general public as well as extended to other domains and on a larger scale in future research.

Data management plans as linked open data: exploiting ARGOS FAIR and machine actionable outputs in the OpenAIRE research graph

BackgroundOpen Science Graphs (OSGs) are scientific knowledge graphs representing different entities of the research lifecycle (e.g. projects, people, research outcomes, institutions) and the relationships among them. They present a contextualized view of current research that supports discovery, re-use, reproducibility, monitoring, transparency and omni-comprehensive assessment. A Data Management Plan (DMP) contains information concerning both the research processes and the data collected, generated and/or re-used during a project’s lifetime. Automated solutions and workflows that connect DMPs with the actual data and other contextual information (e.g., publications, fundings) are missing from the landscape. DMPs being submitted as deliverables also limit their findability. In an open and FAIR-enabling research ecosystem information linking between research processes and research outputs is essential. ARGOS tool for FAIR data management contributes to the OpenAIRE Research Graph (RG) and utilises its underlying services and trusted sources to progressively automate validation and automations of Research Data Management (RDM) practices.ResultsA comparative analysis was conducted between the data models of ARGOS and OpenAIRE Research Graph against the DMP Common Standard. Following this, we extended ARGOS with export format converters and semantic tagging, and the OpenAIRE RG with a DMP entity and semantics between existing entities and relationships. This enabled the integration of ARGOS machine actionable DMPs (ma-DMPs) to the OpenAIRE OSG, enriching and exposing DMPs as FAIR outputs.ConclusionsThis paper, to our knowledge, is the first to introduce exposing ma-DMPs in OSGs and making the link between OSGs and DMPs, introducing the latter as entities in the research lifecycle. Further, it provides insight to ARGOS DMP service interoperability practices and integrations to populate the OpenAIRE Research Graph with DMP entities and relationships and strengthen both FAIRness of outputs as well as information exchange in a standard way.

A Framework for Standardization of Distributed Ledger Technologies for Interoperable Data Integration and Alignment in Sustainable Smart Cities

Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) are considered one of the foremost emerging technologies which can contribute to transform cities to smarter cities. DLT play important role in municipalities to accelerate the digitalization process toward changing the roles and services of enterprises in sustainable smart cities. Standardization of DLTs aids to reduce data and digital assets silos while decreasing vendor lock-in across distributed applications enabling a digital urban ecosystem that supports migration capabilities making it possible for cities to seamlessly achieve interoperability among DLTs and centralized digital platforms, although a few standards such as IEEE 2418, IEEE P2418.5, and ISO/TC 307 have been developed. The alignment and integration mechanisms required to support standardization of DLT for interoperable services in smart cities is lacking. Therefore, this study presents an understanding on current and open issues on standardization of DLTs in sustainable smart cities with a specific focus on data integration and alignment efforts related to interoperable DLTs. A framework is developed to promote standardization of DLTs to support integration and alignment for interoperability in smart cities. Design science research methodology was adopted based on three use case scenarios which illustrates how IOTA tangle is employs as a DLT for secured standardized communication between physical sensors, devices, and digital platforms in smart city environment. Findings from this article provide exploratory evidence demonstrating the potential uses of IOTA tangle through the developed framework applied for decentralized and centralized digital services. Based on this evidence, this study provides interface integration and alignment strategies to better exploit distributed applications full potential by improving DLT standardization in urban environment.

Leveraging OGC API for cloud-based flood modeling campaigns

Cloud technology and services provide a convenient platform for managing large scale watershed modeling studies, such as probabilistic studies or modeling campaigns requiring thousands of simulations. As federal and state agencies undertake large scale projects that leverage commercial cloud platforms for computing and storage of model data, ensuring that the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles are incorporated early in the design stage is crucial. This paper is the first attempt to explore the feasibility of implementing the OGC API - Processes specification for use as an interoperability layer in an environmental modeling study for performing large scale environmental studies consistent with the FAIR principles. Specifically, an evaluation of the suitability for implementing the OGC API - Processes specification in the commercial cloud for managing the fundamental processes that are involved in the setup, execution, and post-processing of hydraulic modeling in a large-scale watershed study is performed. The experimental results show that the implementation of the OGC API - Processes specification can play a valuable role in providing an interoperable service layer that can be used to request geoprocessing services and chain model development and simulation processes.

Optimising ePrescribing in hospitals through the interoperability of systems and processes: a qualitative study in the UK, US, Norway and the Netherlands

BackgroundInvestment in the implementation of hospital ePrescribing systems has been a priority in many economically-developed countries in order to modernise the delivery of healthcare. However, maximum gains in the safety, quality and efficiency of care are unlikely to be fully realised unless ePrescribing systems are further optimised in a local context. Typical barriers to optimal use are often encountered in relation to a lack of systemic capacity and preparedness to meet various levels of interoperability requirements, including at the data, systems and services levels. This lack of systemic interoperability may in turn limit the opportunities and benefits potentially arising from implementing novel digital heath systems.MethodsWe undertook n = 54 qualitative interviews with key stakeholders at nine digitally advanced hospital sites across the UK, US, Norway and the Netherlands. We included hospitals featuring ‘standalone, best of breed’ systems, which were interfaced locally, and multi-component and integrated electronic health record enterprise systems. We analysed the data inductively, looking at strategies and constraints for ePrescribing interoperability within and beyond hospital systems.ResultsOur thematic analysis identified 4 main drivers for increasing ePrescribing systems interoperability: (1) improving patient safety (2) improving integration & continuity of care (3) optimising care pathways and providing tailored decision support to meet local and contextualised care priorities and (4) to enable full patient care services interoperability in a variety of settings and contexts. These 4 interoperability dimensions were not always pursued equally at each implementation site, and these were often dependent on the specific national, policy, organisational or technical contexts of the ePrescribing implementations. Safety and efficiency objectives drove optimisation targeted at infrastructure and governance at all levels. Constraints to interoperability came from factors such as legacy systems, but barriers to interoperability of processes came from system capability, hospital policy and staff culture.ConclusionsAchieving interoperability is key in making ePrescribing systems both safe and useable. Data resources exist at macro, meso and micro levels, as do the governance interventions necessary to achieve system interoperability. Strategic objectives, most notably improved safety, often motivated hospitals to push for evolution across the entire data architecture of which they formed a part. However, hospitals negotiated this terrain with varying degrees of centralised coordination. Hospitals were heavily reliant on staff buy-in to ensure that systems interoperability was built upon to achieve effective data sharing and use. Positive outcomes were founded on a culture of agreement about the usefulness of access by stakeholders, including prescribers, policymakers, vendors and lab technicians, which was reflected in an alignment of governance goals with system design.

Mitigation of risk, effective communication and scene management of major incidents

Communication and collaborative working between emergency services at the scene of a major incident are paramount to gain the best outcome for patients and the wider public. This module aims to improve knowledge around joint emergency service interoperability principle (JESIP) and the importance of interoperable working between agencies, the various roles involved and the fundamental guidelines of risk assessment, safety, and management of a hazardous scene.

Framework for interoperable service architecture development

Interoperability is a key success factor for digital public services. Addressing the required interoperability principles in public service architectures is difficult, since a multitude of different layers of interoperability as well as of architecture development must be covered in complex real-world situations. Architecture development frameworks provide an instrument to systematically and holistically design and manage architectures of complex and interoperable digital public service contexts. Interoperable public service architectures resulting from the application of architecture development frameworks further need constant evaluation and modification to keep these architectures relevant and up-to-date. Different methodologies such as the “Design Science Research Methodology” (DSRM) or Enterprise Architecture Frameworks like “The Open Group Architecture Framework” (TOGAF) provide methodical foundations in the creation of interoperable public service solutions. However, these methodologies only target some of the needed aspects at a time. To address this challenge, the paper proposes an agile framework for the design, evaluation, and maintenance of interoperable public service architectures, based on DSRM, TOGAF, and other relevant approaches from literature. The “Framework for Interoperable Service Architecture Development” (FISAD) is designed following the DSRM. FISAD comprises seven phases, which integrate the four interoperability layers put forward in the European Interoperability Framework (EIF) and the architectural design phases (business, data, application and technology architecture) covered in the Architecture Development Method (ADM) of TOGAF in an incremental fashion along the DSRM. To demonstrate how it works, FISAD is applied to the use-case of harmonizing pre-qualification and Digital Purchasing Systems (DPS) processes in the pre-award phase of public procurement. The effectiveness of FISAD is verified on the use-case, providing further insights for the realization of interoperability along a systematic and holistic approach.

Data Interoperability Model in Integrated Public Service Applications Based on Government Service Bus (Case Study: Tangerang Regency Communication and Information Office)

The Tangerang Regency Government, as part of its digital transformation efforts, has been working to enhance public services through the development and implementation of e-Government initiatives. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of data interoperability service modeling in e-Government applications based on Web Services using the Government Service Bus (GSB). The study will address the advantages and challenges associated with using the Government Service Bus, and provide practical recommendations for implementing the Government Service Bus as an effective application integration solution. COBIT 2019 is used as an assessment tool for the current condition. The research results reveal that a total of 138 applications have been identified, with 74 of them being public service applications. While 80% of the public service sector has been incorporated into integrated public service applications, their utilization remains limited. The current capability level of APO11 is at level 1, with an expected level of 2. Similarly, APO14 is at level 1, expected to reach level 2, and MEA01 is at level 0, with an expected level of 2. The author has proposed a data interoperability model that can be implemented within the Tangerang Regency Communication and Information Office, utilizing GSB as the middleware for interoperability processes, particularly for public service applications. Based on the proposed data interoperability model, the author also concludes that with its implementation, the Communication and Information Office will be able to address a significant portion of the technical recommendations derived from the gap analysis, although not necessarily all of them.