Internet Users Research Articles

Gender Disparities in Digital Employment in China

The rapid expansion of the digital economy has profoundly reshaped employ-ment dynamics in China. Drawing on microdata from the China General Social Surveys (CGSS) conducted in 2010 and 2021, this study delves into the evolving gender gap within China’s digital workforce. Through bivariate analyses and logistic regression, this research examines how gender intersects with various factors, including age, educational attainment, account status, number of children, internet usage, and geo-graphical region, to elucidate disparities in digital employment. Findings indicate a shift towards greater gender parity in the digital sector, notwithstanding enduring challenges for women. The responsibilities of childbearing and childrearing have constrained women’s engagement in digital occupations, although this impediment is diminishing. Educational achievements and internet usage emerge as pivotal determinants of digital employment for both genders. Workers in the more developed Eastern region exhibited higher likelihoods of digital employment than those in other regions. Diverse strategies are essential to tackle gender gaps in digital employment.

Internet Addiction Leads to Loneliness or Loneliness Leads to Internet Addiction?

Introduction: Internet users in Indonesia are growing from year to year. Based on the latest data from the Indonesian Internet Service Provider Association, known as Asosiasi Penyelenggaraan Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII), in 2022, internet users in Indonesia reached 210 million. With a large number of internet users, there are positive and negative consequences that occur. Internet addiction began to be studied by many researchers. These studies include research on the factors that cause internet addiction, as well as its correlation with loneliness. To explain the correlation between internet addiction and loneliness. Methods: Literature review. Results: Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotion that is thought to be a factor in individuals experiencing internet addiction. Loneliness is the thought of loss and dissatisfaction that occurs due to a mismatch between the individual’s social interaction and the social interaction one expects. Hence to overcome the loneliness that is felt, individuals express themselves better in cyberspace than in person. Internet addiction is a condition in which internet users use the internet excessively, due to a lack of self-control and interferes with their daily tasks and functions, to the detriment of themselves. This sums in several negative consequences. Studies showed that internet addiction and loneliness are correlated and mutually reinforcing. Conclusions: The relationship between loneliness and internet use is bidirectional in the sense that just as the internet may drive individuals towards loneliness, loneliness can also encourage individuals to spend more time on the internet. Keywords: Internet Addiction, Loneliness

Peran Aktivitas Pemasaran Media Sosial Instagram dan Ekuitas Merek Terhadap Respon Pelanggan Bhisa

Current technological developments occur in various sectors, one of which is marketing with increasing marketing activities carried out on social media such as Instagram. This is influenced by various factors such as the increase in internet users and the time each person uses the internet. In response to this development, as one of the transportation service providers, PT BST with one of its integrated products, namely Bhisa, uses Instagram social media to market its products and services. The use of Instagram with the username Bhisa.id is PT BST's effort to continue to compete with its competitors. This study aims to determine the influence of Social Media Marketing Activities carried out by PT BST on brand awareness, brand image, EWOM, and commitment both directly and indirectly. This study uses a quantitative causal research method by testing survey data from 180 respondents of Bhisa.id Instagram followers. Testing in the study will use the SEM PLS model which will be tested using the Smart PLS 3 application. The results of the study show that the SMMA variable has a positive influence on brand equity consisting of brand awareness and brand image and has a positive and significant effect on customer responses, namely e-WOM and commitment. Furthermore, strong brand equity contributes positively to customer responses, such as E-WOM and commitment to the Bhisa brand. This study concludes that effective marketing strategies on social media, especially Instagram, can increase brand equity and, in turn, generate better customer responses. The recommendation for marketing practitioners is to continue to utilize Instagram as a primary marketing tool and focus on

Cyberbullying, psychosocial problems and affecting factors among adolescents

PurposeThe aim of the study is to examine cyberbullying, psychosocial problems and the factors affecting them among adolescents. Design and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Türkiye. The population of the study consisted of 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade students from a public middle school. Data were collected through a descriptive characteristics questionnaire, Cyberbullying Scale, and Pediatric Symptom Checklist. ResultsBoth psychosocial problems and cyberbullying levels were found to be significantly higher in students who were male, in the 7th and 8th grades, and who used the internet for 3 h or more per day (p < .05). It was found that the level of psychosocial problems was significantly higher in students who had chronic diseases, who used medication regularly, and whose parents had a high school education or lower (p < .05). A weak positive correlation was found between the Pediatric Symptom Checklist and Cyberbullying Scale (r = 0.169, p < .001). Daily internet usage time and cyberbullying explained 7.6 % of psychosocial problems. ConclusionsThe study found that adolescents' psychosocial problems were associated with the level of cyberbullying, and that gender, grade level, and daily internet use duration affected psychosocial problems and cyberbullying, while the presence of a chronic disease and the level of parental education affected psychosocial problems. Daily internet usage time and cyberbullying were predictors of psychosocial problems. It is recommended that educational programs on safe internet use be provided, especially for male adolescents in grades 7–8 who spend more than 3 h a day on the internet.

Loneliness in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder of children’s growth and development with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD in children can persist into adolescence in about 2.6% of the general population. About more than half of people with ADHD experience loneliness, a condition that is often not reported by patients but is evident in the negative emotions and behaviors they display. To explain the risk factors and impact of loneliness in adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Literature review. Results: The use of gadgets in today’s digital era increases the risk of increasing internet usage so that more contact is made online, which causes obstacles for adolescents in fostering social relationships and an increased risk of loneliness. Adolescents with ADHD have a negative assessment of themselves; they feel useless, lack confidence, and lack intelligence when compared to their peers. Economically, low-income family conditions and inappropriate parenting increase the risk of loneliness in ADHD adolescents. Adequate treatment will cause it to develop into other mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, defiant attitude disorder, and adolescent behavior disorder. Conclusions: Adolescents with ADHD are prone to experiencing loneliness. Parenting problems, family socioeconomics, past trauma, bullying, and several internal factors such as low self-confidence, insecurity, low adaptability, and lack of emotional control can cause loneliness. Keywords: ADHD, Adolescents, Loneliness, Mental Health, Psychological Well-Being

Pengaruh Information Quality, Information Quantity, dan Information Credibility Pada TikTok Terhadap Purchase Intention SAFF &amp; Co. di Jakarta

Indonesia has experienced a significant increase in the number of internet users every year, which is utilized to access social media platforms like TikTok. SAFF &amp; Co., a local Indonesian perfume brand, has leveraged TikTok to promote its products to reach a wider audience and generate e-WOM to boost purchasing intentions. This study aims to examine and analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of information quality, information quantity, and information credibility on purchase intention for SAFF &amp; Co. in Jakarta through TikTok. A quantitative descriptive method was employed in this research. Data analysis was conducted using several techniques, including validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing both simultaneously and partially, and coefficient of determination. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that information quality, information quantity, and information credibility were in the good category. The hypothesis test results showed that information quality, information quantity, and information credibility have a simultaneous effect on purchase intention for SAFF &amp; Co., and then information quality, information quantity, and information credibility have a partial effect on purchase intention. Based on the coefficient of determination, the influence of information quality, information quantity, and information credibility on purchase intention is 22.2%, and the remaining 77.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Utilizing RoBERTa and XLM-RoBERTa pre-trained model for structured sentiment analysis

The surge in internet usage has amplified the trend of expressing sentiments across various platforms, particularly in e-commerce. Traditional sentiment analysis methods, such as aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) and targeted sentiment analysis, fall short in identifying the relationships between opinion tuples. Moreover, conventional machine learning approaches often yield inadequate results. To address these limitations, this study introduces an approach that leverages the attention values of pre-trained RoBERTa and XLM-RoBERTa models for structured sentiment analysis. This method aims to predict all opinion tuples and their relationships collectively, providing a more comprehensive sentiment analysis. The proposed model demonstrates significant improvements over existing techniques, with the XLM-RoBERTa model achieving a notable sentiment graph F1 (SF1) score of 64.6% on the OpeNER&lt;sub&gt;EN&lt;/sub&gt; dataset. Additionally, the RoBERTa model showed satisfactory performance on the multi-perspective question answer (MPQA) and DS&lt;sub&gt;Unis&lt;/sub&gt; datasets, with SF1 scores of 25.3% and 29.9%, respectively, surpassing baseline models. These results underscore the potential of this proposed approach in enhancing sentiment analysis across diverse datasets, making it highly applicable for both academic research and practical applications in various industries.

A systematic review on internet addiction through various assessment tools among chinese college student’s context

With the rapid development of information technology, the internet has evolved into an essential tool in everyday life. The global proportion of internet users has consistently risen in recent years. Notably, China boasts substantial internet users, with students representing the largest demographic, especially college students. The purpose of this study is to explore the issue of internet addiction among Chinese college students through various assessment tools. This study conducted a systematic literature review with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 409 publications were screened, and 23 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. The result revealed that there is no gold standard for evaluating internet addiction. Five types of instruments have been identified, and reported prevalence rates vary due to distinct assessment instruments and thresholds, spanning from 6.81% to 54.86%. Furthermore, internet addiction is associated with four factors among Chinese college students. Therefore, this study furnishes epidemiological evidence to support the prevention of internet addiction and the enhancement of mental health among college students.

Pemanfaatan Digital Marketing dalam Memasarkan Produk Pakaian Melalui Media Sosial Instagram: Studi Kasus pada Brand Syndicatesroom

The large number of internet users in Indonesia is the main reason business people use digital marketing to attract consumers. Syndicatesroom as a local Tangerang brand with a streetwear theme, Syndicatesroom provides a platform for young people to collaborate, share ideas, channel creativity in a forum called a syndicate. This research is entitled the use of digital marketing in marketing clothing products via Instagram social media (case study of the Syndicatesroom brand). This research aims to determine the process of using digital marketing carried out by Syndicatesroom in marketing clothing products on Instagram social media. This research uses a constructivist paradigm using qualitative methods using primary and secondary data sources as well as interview observations. The data sources used are journals, websites and Syndicatesroom social media. The results of this research show that Syndicatesroom has succeeded in utilizing digital marketing in marketing clothing products via Instagram social media. Syndicate, as a pioneering and independent company in selling products as a marketing tool, requires an effective strategy to increase sales.

Interplay Exploration of Problematic Internet Usage, Social Isolation and Attitudes: A Quantitative Study Among University Students In Malaysia

Internet overuse is a growing global concern, with addiction and social isolation becoming increasingly prevalent. This study aims to examine the problematic Internet usage and its link to social isolation among the students by assessing their attitudes towards Internet use, its purpose, social isolation, and Internet addiction. A quantitative approach utilizing a questionnaire survey was employed and 440 students from University Putra Malaysia was selected using a stratified random sampling method. The majority of participants (78.3%) fell within the younger age bracket of 18 to 23 years. The study sample predominantly comprised Malay (66.8%) and Muslim (68.9%) students. Chinese students constituted 25% of the sample, while Indians represented 3.9%. The largest religious minority were Buddhists (19.1%), followed by Christians (7.5%). 30% of respondents reported a monthly income between 2100 to 3000 Malaysian Ringgit. Significant associations were found between attitudes towards Internet use and both social isolation and Internet addiction. Similarly, statistically significant relationships were observed between the purpose of Internet use, social isolation, and Internet addiction. However, no significant correlations were found between age, income, Internet addiction, and social isolation. Additionally, ANOVA results indicated no significant mean differences between religion and Internet addiction, although a significant difference was noted for social isolation. This study provides valuable insights for educators, counselors, and policymakers to develop effective programs combating internet addiction among students. By understanding the link between internet use, attitudes, and social isolation, targeted interventions can be created to promote healthy online habits and student well-being. Keywords: Internet Addiction, Social isolation, Attitudes and Purpose of using Internet, Religion, Age and Income

Evaluating the effects of social media influencers on consumer behavior in Sweden

The study investigates the effects of social media influencers on consumer behavior in Sweden. The country is characterized by high internet usage and extensive social media engagement which makes it appropriate for this research. A qualitative study was used to examine how influencers impact consumer decision-making, product discovery, and brand loyalty. Influencers would also put more emphasis on authenticity, trust, and demographic factors. The research applies established theories which include the Theory of Reasoned Action and Social Cognitive Theory. These theories explore the dynamics of influencer-consumer relationships and their effects on purchasing intentions. Key findings reveal that Swedish consumers prioritize authenticity and ethical values in influencer endorsements. Consumers usually favor influencers who are perceived as genuine and responsive to advocating for sustainability. Demographic differences influence consumer receptivity to influencer content, with younger consumers showing more engagement compared to older consumers. The research study shows the need for brands to adapt their influencer marketing strategies to align with Sweden’s ethical and sustainable consumer preferences. Some of the study limitations include sample size and geographic focus, suggesting further research across different cultural settings to deepen understanding of influencers' global impact. The research study provided valuable information for businesses and consumers to effectively capitalize on influencer marketing as a business strategy.

Seller Responsibilities in Digital Transactions on the Shopee Marketplace System at the Trendy You Outfit Store

The huge potential in the electronic commerce (e-commerce) business cannot be separated from the development of internet users and the growth of the internet in Indonesia. The forms and interactions of e-commerce business actors in Indonesia are divided into various types, Shopee is a type of Online Marketplace Provider (OMP) e-commerce, apart from the profits that can be obtained from online shopping, there are also risks that may occur when the wrong goods are sent by the wrong party. seller and delays in delivery of goods. This research was conducted on one of the Shopee marketplaces, namely the Trendy You Outfit store, whether the responsibilities implemented by the Shopee marketplace have been implemented by the Trendy You Outfit store. The aim of this thesis research is first, how to carry out Shopee's marketplace responsibilities. second, how to resolve disputes at the trendy you outfit shop. The type of research is sociological legal research, namely research carried out on actual conditions or real conditions that occur in society. This research uses primary data originating from field data and secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The data collection technique used in this research is using unstructured interview methods and literature review. This research uses qualitative methods, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data, namely what is stated in writing. The research results show that the implementation of responsibilities at the Trendy You Outfit store in the Shopee marketplace has not yet been implemented. As a consumer, in accordance with the provisions of law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection, article 4 letters b and h, the right to receive compensation, compensation and/or replacement is explained if the goods and/or services received are not in accordance with the agreement or are not as they should be. There needs to be legal protection, both preventive and repressive, for consumers if the seller's responsibilities to consumers are not fulfilled. And experienced losses from the consumer side and losses from sellers which had the impact of reducing interest in purchasing goods.

The effects of export-facilitating quality infrastructure on Africa’s exports

PurposeThe continuous export challenges due to the inadequate quality infrastructure have brought to the fore the importance of export facilitation-quality infrastructure. Different infrastructure investments have been implemented to facilitate export; however, the outcomes were different across export facilitation infrastructures. This study investigates Africa’s export effects of the implemented export-facilitating quality infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachAn augmented gravity model is specified that is derived from the Helpman, Melitz and Rubenstein framework, which has two steps in the specification and estimation of the model. The extensive margin is the first step – the probability of export – while the second step is the intensive margin of export – the actual export values or volumes.FindingsThe main drivers of the decision to export are telecommunication infrastructure, internet usage and the logistic performance index. At the intensive margin of export, exporting time, the proliferation of telecommunication infrastructure and improvement in the logistics performance index significantly improve the intensity of export, while it is not the case for internet infrastructure usage. Thus, the soft-quality infrastructure has mixed outcomes at both export margins, while the hard-quality infrastructure is insufficient and ineffective for export facilitation, which invalidates the study’s hypothesis that export-facilitating quality infrastructure stimulates exports.Practical implicationsThe implemented export-facilitating quality infrastructure measures have achieved marginal improvement in exports. This is due to the inadequate development finance and investment towards enhancing export-facilitating quality infrastructure. Thus, extensive quality infrastructure is needed to facilitate and intensify exports for sustainable development in Africa.Originality/valueThis study departs from previous studies by investigating export facilitation from the lens of export-oriented quality infrastructure rather than the trade time and costs as dominated in the literature. Moreover, the determination of the extent to which quality infrastructure has influenced the probability of export is rarely investigated.

The Use of ChatGPT in Education: A New Path to Personalized Instruction

ChatGPT an artificial intelligence (AI) program based on natural language processing and deep learning algorithm training, has the capacity to learn human languages and understand their semantics through colossal amounts of text data and to conduct natural language-based communication with humans (Jiao, 2023). It has garnered tremendous attention of the internet users since its release in 2022. It has also instigated a lot of discussions on its application in education among educational researchers and teachers. According to Aljanabi (2023), ChatGPT’s potent information search and organization capabilities enable the student to seek out a more complete answer for the question and to obtain learning resources needed using natural language. Chu (2023) argued that ChatGPT could act as an AI teaching assistant to aid teachers in developing course plans and generating questions of varying difficulty levels as well as an intelligent academic supporter to help students with their academic papers and assessments. Research also shows that ChatGPT has significant value in the area of personalized learning.

Unraveling the dynamics of digital equality and trust in AI-empowered metaverses and AI-VR-convergence

Metaverses may present innovative channels for business and finance, education, and workplaces. Drawing from the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as well as the literature on digital equality, this research attempts to unravel the dynamics of digital equality and trust in AI-empowered metaverses for various industry sectors. Three cross-sectional surveys (NTotal = 1086) examined US Internet users' intention to adopt metaverses for business, education, and workplaces. Structural equation models were estimated using Mplus 8.8. Study 1 indicates dynamic relationships among digital equality (commerce dimension), blockchain transparency, privacy concerns, and adoption intention. Study 2 shows dynamic associations among digital equality (educational, social, and political dimensions), digital adaptability, loneliness, and adoption intention. Study 3 demonstrates dynamic interconnections among digital equality (labor, government, and health dimensions), digital adaptability, identity threat, and adoption intention. Across three datasets, trust mediates the relationship between digital equality and adoption intention. Theoretical contributions to the emerging literature on decentralized finance (DeFi), AI-driven digital transformation, and AI-VR-convergence are discussed. DeFi businesses, enterprises, policy makers, educators, professional training providers, and workforce developers need to consider third-level digital (in)equality and digital adaptability in developing equitable, sustainable, and inclusive user experience (UX) in AI-empowered metaverses.

A deep learning based hybrid recommendation model for internet users

Recommendation Systems (RS) play a crucial role in delivering personalized item suggestions, yet traditional methods often struggle with accuracy, scalability, efficiency, and cold-start challenges. This paper presents the HRS-IU-DL model, a novel hybrid recommendation system that advances the field by integrating multiple sophisticated techniques to enhance both accuracy and relevance. The proposed model uniquely combines user-based and item-based Collaborative Filtering (CF) to effectively analyze user-item interactions, Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) to capture complex non-linear relationships, and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to identify sequential patterns in user behavior. Furthermore, it incorporates Content-Based Filtering (CBF) with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for in-depth analysis of item attributes. A key contribution of this work is the innovative fusion of CF, NCF, RNN, and CBF, which collectively address significant challenges such as data sparsity, the cold-start problem, and the increasing demand for personalized recommendations. Additionally, the model employs N-Sample techniques to recommend the top 10 similar items based on user-specified genres, leveraging methods like Cosine Similarity, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and TF-IDF. The HRS-IU-DL model is rigorously evaluated on the publicly available Movielens 100k dataset using train-test splits. Performance is assessed using metrics such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Precision, and Recall. The results demonstrate that the HRS-IU-DL model not only outperforms state-of-the-art approaches but also achieves substantial improvements across these evaluation metrics, highlighting its contribution to the advancement of RS technology.

LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS (Lei nº 13.709/18) PARA ARMAZENAMENTO DE DADOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS

This research aims to demonstrate some of the challenges and impacts on the implementation of the General Law for Data Protection and Storage (Law No. 13,709/18) in the development of systems, which establishes rules for the collection, processing, storage, and sharing of personal data. The purpose of the law is to protect the fundamental rights of freedom and privacy and the free development of the personality of the natural person. To carry out this work, a bibliographic research was carried out, through academic articles, websites, regulatory standards and books. Through the research, it was possible to understand how relevant it is to define laws and rules for the protection of internet users' data, in view of well-defined guidelines so that companies that do not adhere are subject to penalties. With this, it is understood that well-drafted legislation and its applications and punishments are of paramount importance for the quality and reliability of its users. In this way, minimizing the risks of data leakage and ensuring legal support so that, with non-compliance with the law, institutions can be fined and still respond civilly and criminally.

LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS (Lei nº 13.709/18) PARA ARMAZENAMENTO DE DADOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS

This research aims to demonstrate some of the challenges and impacts on the implementation of the General Law for Data Protection and Storage (Law No. 13,709/18) in the development of systems, which establishes rules for the collection, processing, storage, and sharing of personal data. The purpose of the law is to protect the fundamental rights of freedom and privacy and the free development of the personality of the natural person. To carry out this work, a bibliographic research was carried out, through academic articles, websites, regulatory standards and books. Through the research, it was possible to understand how relevant it is to define laws and rules for the protection of internet users' data, in view of well-defined guidelines so that companies that do not adhere are subject to penalties. With this, it is understood that well-drafted legislation and its applications and punishments are of paramount importance for the quality and reliability of its users. In this way, minimizing the risks of data leakage and ensuring legal support so that, with non-compliance with the law, institutions can be fined and still respond civilly and criminally.

The Role of Peer Relationships in Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents: A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis

Background The swift advancement of technology, particularly the internet, has significantly influenced various aspects of human life, resulting in both positive and negative consequences. In Indonesia, adolescents represent the largest group of internet users, with usage durations exceeding four hours per day, making them vulnerable to issues such as Problematic Internet Use (PIU). During adolescence, peer relationships play a crucial role in social development. Objective This study aims to explore how peer relations can influence problematic internet use among adolescents and identify strategic factors that contribute to reducing PIU based on systematic review findings. Additionally, the research seeks to quantify the relationship between peer relations and problematic internet use among adolescents through meta-analysis. The hypothesis posits a correlation between peer relations and problematic internet use among adolescents. Methods The research employs scoping review and meta-analysis techniques. Results Scoping review results indicate that, overall, peer relationships can have both positive and negative impacts on PIU. A more positive relationship between adolescents and their peers tends to correlate with lower levels of PIU. Conversely, adolescents with problematic peer relationships are more likely to develop PIU behaviours. Meta-analysis results further strengthen these findings, demonstrating a significant correlation between peer relationships and problematic internet use among adolescents (r = 0.191; p = 0.020; 95% CI). Conclusion Despite the significant correlation, the influence of peer relationships on problematic internet use appears to be relatively low. This suggests the existence of other factors that contribute to PIU behaviours beyond peer relationships.

Applying Large Language Model to User Experience Testing

Applying Large Language Model to User Experience Testing