Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Research Articles

Risk Factor Analysis and Predictive Model Development for Problematic Internet Gaming Disorder Occurrence

<div> <p><strong>Aim </strong>To examine several aspects, such as sociodemographic, psychological, personality, and parenting characteristics, that may contribute to the occurrence of PIGD in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Additionally, the study intends to create a model that can accurately predict people who are at high risk of developing PIGD.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></p> </div> <div> <p><strong>Methods. </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 participants aged 15-25 years in Yogyakarta. The data was gathered through the use of a questionnaire that consisted of demographic measures: the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale—Short Form (IGDS9-SF), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Parenting Style Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was utilized for data analysis in order to identify relevant risk factors and construct a risk prediction model.</p> </div> <div> <p><span class="apple-converted-space"><strong>Results. </strong></span>The study revealed that certain sociodemographic characteristics (male and student), psychological factors (depression, anxiety, and stress), personality traits (high neuroticism, low conscientiousness), and authoritarian parenting style were all significant predictors of the occurrence of PIGD. These characteristics led to the creation of the risk prediction model, which demonstrated strong performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.90).</p> </div> <div> <p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Multifaceted issue and variety of risk factors influence PIGD. This study's risk prediction model can effectively identify individuals at a heightened risk of developing PIGD. This allows for early and targeted preventative and treatment interventions to be implemented.</p> </div>

The mediating effect of social connectedness between internet gaming disorder and somatic symptoms in adolescents: a large sample cross−sectional study

BackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that social connectedness can serve as a protective buffer against negative outcomes associated with online victimization. However, the role of social connectedness between Internet gaming disorder and somatic symptoms is still unclear. This study aims to examine the mediating effect of social connectedness on the association between Internet gaming disorder and somatic symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional design was utilized, using questionnaires for data collection and multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The general demographic questionnaire, Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form, Social Connectedness Scale-Revised and Patient Health Questionnaire Physical Symptoms were used to collect data. We adopted Pearson’s correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model in regression analysis to explore the relationships among Internet gaming disorder, social connectedness and somatic symptoms.ResultsInternet gaming disorder was positively correlated with somatic symptoms (r = 0.20, P < 0.001), while network (r=-0.08, P < 0.001) and real-life social connectedness (r=-0.31, P < 0.001) negatively affected somatic symptoms. The network social connectedness and the real-life social connectedness played a chain mediating role in the development of Internet gaming disorder to somatic symptoms [95%CI: 0.073, 0.088], explaining 45.25% of the total effect value. The difference of real-life social connectedness and network social connectedness played a partial mediating role between Internet gaming disorder and somatic symptoms [95% CI:0.050, 0.062], accounting for 31.28% of the total effect value.ConclusionsReal-life social connectedness, network social connectedness, and their disparity all mediated the relationship between Internet gaming disorder and somatic symptoms. Real-life social connectedness acted as a protective factor, while network social connectedness served as a risk factor. Encouraging offline activities and guiding teenagers to use the internet responsibly may help prevent and reduce physical symptoms linked to Internet gaming disorder.

Mokken scale analysis of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form and the Gaming Disorder Test

In recent years, research on Gaming Disorder (GD) has grown substantially with researchers developing different psychometric tools for assessing disordered gaming. Two of the most prominent tools are the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) and the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT), which assess disordered gaming under the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) frameworks respectively. The main aim of this study was to assess and compare the scalability, reliability, and validity of both scales to determine if the tools effectively assess GD in a normative sample, through the Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA). A sample of 605 participants (42.31 % female, meanage = 23.98 years, SD = 9.21 years) was recruited for the present study. Results showed that both the IGDS9-SF and GDT were unidimensional, with all items presenting latent monotonicity fitting in the Monotone Homogeneity Model (MHM). Item characteristic curves did not intersect and presented with adequate fit in the Double Monotonicity Model (DMM). These findings further support the psychometric adequacy of the IGDS9-SF and GDT, attesting to their suitability to assess disordered gaming.

COVID-19-Related Social Isolation, Self-Control, and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Chinese University Students: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Internet gaming disorder among university students has become a great concern for university counsellors worldwide since the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors influencing the development of internet gaming disorder in students during the COVID-19 pandemic could be different from those before the pandemic. This study aims to explore the associations among social isolation, self-control, and internet gaming disorder in Chinese university students and to examine whether self-control mediates the positive effects of social isolation on internet gaming disorder. A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from university students in Shandong province of China from April to September 2022. The Isolation subscale of the Self-Compassion Scale, Self-Control Scale, and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale were used to assess the social isolation, self-control, and internet gaming disorder among university students, respectively. Models 4 and 5 of PROCESS software were used to analyze the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of gender on the association between social isolation and internet gaming disorder. A total of 479 students were recruited from 6 universities located in 3 different regions of Shandong, China. Students had low levels of internet gaming disorder and moderate levels of social isolation and self-control, with mean scores of 8.94 (SD 9.06), 12.04 (SD 3.53), and 57.15 (SD 8.44), respectively. Social isolation was positively correlated with internet gaming disorder (r=0.217; P<.001), and self-control was negatively correlated with social isolation (r=-0.355; P<.001) and internet gaming disorder (r=-0.260; P<.001). Self-control played a mediating role in the association between social isolation and internet gaming disorder (β=-.185, 95% CI -.295 to -.087). The effects of social isolation on internet gaming disorder among female students were lower than those among male students. Self-control was a mediator in the association between social isolation and internet gaming disorder. Moreover, gender played a moderating role in the association between social isolation and internet gaming disorder. This study highlights the need to alleviate the development of internet gaming disorder among students during a pandemic, especially that of male students. Effective interventions that lessen social isolation and promote self-control should be developed.

Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder among medical college students.

The incidence of smartphone addiction has been widely studied, but the research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress and internet gaming disorder is limited. This study investigated the characteristics and prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, it provides the scientific basis for intervention measures in schools, families, and society. A random cluster sampling method was applied to investigate 656 medical students from grades 1 to 4 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui province, People's Republic of China. The questionnaire consisted of general information, a smartphone addiction scale, an Internet gaming disorder scale, and a Kessler 6-item psychological distress test. The obtained results were first summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to compare the status of smartphone addiction. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and various variables. Our results showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students was 49.5% (325/656). Psychological distress (p < 0.001), internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001), and childhood trauma (p = 0.001) were highly correlated with smartphone addiction in medical students. Psychological distress, and internet gaming disorder were positively associated with smartphone addiction (p < 0.000). The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among medical students in Chinese. Smartphone addiction is highly related to related to internet gaming disorder and psychological distress.

Network structures of internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder: Symptom operationalization causes variation.

From 2022, the International Classification of Diseases, eleventh edition (ICD-11) includes the first mental disorder based on digital technology, "gaming disorder," which was previously suggested as a condition for further examination in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). In this cross-sectional study, we provide the first large-scale network analysis of various symptom structures for these constructs to understand the complex interconnections between their proposed symptoms. Culturally diverse samples of 2,846 digital game players (M = 25.3 years) and 746 esports players (M = 23.5 years) were recruited. A network approach was applied to explore a multiverse of gaming disorder symptom structures, effects of item operationalization, and possible external moderators. Gaming disorder was measured using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Gaming Disorder Test, and several items borrowed from Chinese Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, Personal Internet Gaming Disorder Evaluation-9, and Clinical Video game Addiction Test 2.0 scales. Two symptoms (loss of control and continued use despite problems) present in both, the DSM-5 and ICD-11, were systematically central to most of the analyzed networks. Alternative operationalizations of single items systematically caused significant network differences. Networks were invariant across groups of play style, age, gender, gaming time, and most of the psychosocial characteristics. Our results caution practitioners and researchers when studying and interpreting gaming disorder symptoms. The data indicate that even minor operational changes in symptoms can lead to significant network-level changes, thus highlighting the need for careful wording. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A Network Analysis of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF): An Intercontinental Large-Scale Study

AbstractThe present study aimed to use a novel method (i.e., network analysis) to examine if the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) has its unidimensional structure supported across different subgroups, including gender groups, continent groups, and age groups. Participants from five continents (n = 545 in Africa; n = 27,910 in Americas; n = 4640 in Asia; n = 88,835 in Europe; and n = 1633 in Oceania) completed the IGDS9-SF. The IGDS9-SF items showed a positively correlated network with moderate-to-high predictability (mean of R2 = 0.338, SD = 0.068). Moreover, the network analysis results suggested that the IGDS9-SF is very likely to have a one-factor model. This one-factor model was further found to be invariant across gender groups (men vs. women), continent groups (Africa, Americas, Asian, Europe, and Oceania), and age groups (minor aged under 18 years, young adults aged between 18 and 30 years, and adults aged 30 years or above).

The mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and gaming disorder among Asia-Pacific young adults

BackgroundLittle evidence is available to verify the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between gaming disorder and various impulsivity traits. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between the five UPPS-P impulsivity traits and the risk of gaming disorder among young adults.MethodsIt was an inter-regional cross-sectional study using online survey in Australia, Japan, The Philippines and China. Impulsivity measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale–Short version; dispositional mindfulness measured by the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; and the risk of gaming disorder measured by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale were collected in the focal regions. Structural equation modeling was performed by SPSS AMOS version 26 to verify the study hypotheses. Bootstrapped 95% confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was indicated by the p-value below 0.05.ResultsAmong the 1,134 returned questionnaires, about 40% of them aged 18–20 years and 21–23 years, respectively. 53.8% were male. 40.7% had been playing digital and video games for over 10 years. The prevalence of gaming disorder was 4.32%. The model fitness indices reflected that the constructed model had an acceptable model fit (χ2(118) = 558.994, p < 0.001; χ2/df = 4.737; CFI = 0.924; TLI = 0.890; GFI = 0.948; RMSEA = 0.058; SRMR = 0.0487). Dispositional mindfulness fully mediated the effect of positive urgency and negative urgency on the risk of gaming disorder. The effect of lack of premeditation on the risk of gaming disorder was partially mediated by dispositional mindfulness. However, dispositional mindfulness did not mediate the effect of sensation seeking on the risk of gaming disorder.ConclusionsThe varied associations between dispositional mindfulness and the five impulsivity traits hints that improving some impulsive traits may increase dispositional mindfulness and so lower the risk of gaming disorder. Despite further studies are needed to verify the present findings, it sheds light on the need to apply interventions on gamers based on their impulsivity profile. Interventions targeting at emotion regulation and self-control such as mindfulness-based interventions seem to be effective to help gamers with dominant features of urgency and lack of premeditation only. Other interventions shall be considered for gamers with high sensation seeking tendency to enhance the effectiveness of gaming disorder prevention.

Digital Phenotypes for Early Detection of Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescent Students: Explorative Data-Driven Study.

Limited awareness, social stigma, and access to mental health professionals hinder early detection and intervention of internet gaming disorder (IGD), which has emerged as a significant concern among young individuals. Prevalence estimates vary between 0.7% and 15.6%, and its recognition in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition underscores its impact on academic functioning, social isolation, and mental health challenges. This study aimed to uncover digital phenotypes for the early detection of IGD among adolescents in learning settings. By leveraging sensor data collected from student tablets, the overarching objective is to incorporate these digital indicators into daily school activities to establish these markers as a mental health screening tool, facilitating the early identification and intervention for IGD cases. A total of 168 voluntary participants were engaged, consisting of 85 students with IGD and 83 students without IGD. There were 53% (89/168) female and 47% (79/168) male individuals, all within the age range of 13-14 years. The individual students learned their Korean literature and mathematics lessons on their personal tablets, with sensor data being automatically collected. Multiple regression with bootstrapping and multivariate ANOVA were used, prioritizing interpretability over predictability, for cross-validation purposes. A negative correlation between IGD Scale (IGDS) scores and learning outcomes emerged (r166=-0.15; P=.047), suggesting that higher IGDS scores were associated with lower learning outcomes. Multiple regression identified 5 key indicators linked to IGD, explaining 23% of the IGDS score variance: stroke acceleration (β=.33; P<.001), time interval between keys (β=-0.26; P=.01), word spacing (β=-0.25; P<.001), deletion (β=-0.24; P<.001), and horizontal length of strokes (β=-0.21; P=.02). Multivariate ANOVA cross-validated these findings, revealing significant differences in digital phenotypes between potential IGD and non-IGD groups. The average effect size, measured by Cohen d, across the indicators was 0.40, indicating a moderate effect. Notable distinctions included faster stroke acceleration (Cohen d=0.68; P=<.001), reduced word spacing (Cohen d=.57; P=<.001), decreased deletion behavior (Cohen d=0.33; P=.04), and longer horizontal strokes (Cohen d=0.34; P=.03) in students with potential IGD compared to their counterparts without IGD. The aggregated findings show a negative correlation between IGD and learning performance, highlighting the effectiveness of digital markers in detecting IGD. This underscores the importance of digital phenotyping in advancing mental health care within educational settings. As schools adopt a 1-device-per-student framework, digital phenotyping emerges as a promising early detection method for IGD. This shift could transform clinical approaches from reactive to proactive measures.

Perceived parental psychological control and the risk of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: a cross-sectional study

It is stated that parental psychological control (PC), which appears to hinder psychological development in children and adolescents, is associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, parenting styles and practices vary across cultures. For this reason, to determine the risk of IGD in adolescents who are in the process of psychological development and to prevent it at an early stage, there is a need to better understand the effect of PC on the development of IGD. In this context, this study aims to examine the impact of perceived parental psychological control on the risk of Internet gaming disorder in Turkish adolescents. A cross-sectional design was used. The sample group consisted of 4498 students from eight public high schools in Turkey. Participant Information Form, the Psychological Control Scale, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form were used for collecting data. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of IGD increased as maternal disrespect-maternal psychological control and father disrespect scores increased. Paternal psychological control score had no significant effect on IGD risk. In the multivariate model, age, father’s education level, spending money on games, time spent playing daily games on weekdays and weekends, and father’s psychological score were found to be associated with IGD risk. The effects of maternal disrespect and maternal psychological control scores on the IGD risk varied according to the number of siblings and the education level of the mother. As a result, parental PC was determined to affect the risk of IGD in Turkish adolescents significantly.

Use of videogames, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Agressiveness in Emerging Adulthood

IntroductionInternet gaming disorder has been associated with an excessive number of hours spent playing video games, which leads to a detriment of other daily activities and interests. In addition, it is associated with personality traits such as aggression and anger. In Portugal this relations are almost unexplored.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between video game use, internet gaming disorder and aggression.MethodsThis study was applied to a sample of 202 subjects, aged between 18 and 29 years old (M = 22.5, SD = 3.006). Subjects fulfilled a sociodemographic and viodeogame pattern questionnaire, and the Portuguese versions of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (short form), and the Buss-Perry Aggressiveness Questionnaire.ResultsIn this study 20.3% (n = 27) of the males and 5.8% (n = 4) of the females use excessively videogames, considering the screen time recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. However, 81% (n = 70) of the sample have a positive self-perception of their use. 21.4% (n = 45) use videogames during day, 71% (n = 49) during night and 3.8% (n = 8) during dawn. The total score for internet gaming disorder was of 15.17 (SD = 6.006), but only 1 subject (0.5%) presented probable videogame disorder considering the sutt-off points. A positive and significant correlation was found between internet gaming disorder and physical agressiveness (.32**), verbal agressiveness (.28**) and hostility (.45**). Finally, a positive correlation was found between internet gaming disorder and time spent playing video games.ConclusionsOur results, despite being merely exploratory, show us the relationship that exists between the use of video games, internet gaming disorder and aggressiveness. In that sense it is important to continue to explore internet gaming etiology and consequences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Sociodemographics, playing Habits, adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, dietary supplements intake, physical activity level, and degree of Internet gaming disorder of Portuguese chess players

Introduction: Lifestyle and gaming habits may influence chess players' adhesion to healthy dietary patterns. This study aims to characterize Portuguese chess players sociodemographics, playing traits, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), dietary supplement (DS) consumption, physical activity level, degree of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and to study predictors of adherence to the MD. Methods: Data was gathered using an online survey disseminated through social networks, which included questions regarding sociodemographics, chess playing habits, the PREDIMED questionnaire, DS consumption, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. Results: The 192 respondents (93.8 % males) had a mean of 41 years (SD = 14), high education (mean = 15.1 y, SD = 1.7), and played chess for 6.3 hours (SD = 9.7) a week. Most (58.9 %, n = 113) reported moderate adherence to the MD, 30.2 % (n = 58) ingested DS, 64.1 % (n = 123) adhered to the WHO Physical Activity Recommendations, and no subject was classified with IGD. Higher Elo scores correlated with higher red/processed meat consumption (OR = 4.935, p = 0.005). A greater volume of chess play related to higher consumption of pastries and sweets (OR = 3.127, p = 0.007). Higher IGD scores were associated with lower adhesion to the MD (OR = 1.067, p = 0.019). Conclusions: The most dedicated chess players may be less concerned with maintaining a balanced diet and may require supervision from health professionals. Funding: None to disclose.

From classrooms to controllers: how school closures shaped children's video gaming habits

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on screen time and video gaming habits among governmental school students in Qatar and explore the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) within this context.MethodsA cross-sectional approach was employed, spanning two months from June to August 2022. A random sample of students aged 8–15 years was drawn from the national electronic health record system of Qatar. Telephone interviews with parents were conducted to collect data. The Parental Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (PIGDS) was used for IGD assessment.ResultsOf 428 parents, 257 (60%) confirmed their child's engagement in video gaming during school closures. Participants averaged 11 years in age with 92 (35.8%) females and 165 (64.2%) males. Nationality included 62.6% expatriates and 37.4% Qatari locals. Average weekly screen time increased significantly from 19.7 ± 10.1 h to 31.9 ± 12.6 h during closure (p < 0.001). Video gaming time rose from 8.6 ± 8.6 h to 13.0 ± 12.4 h per week (p < 0.001). The prevalence of IGD was 8.6% (95% CI 5.4–12.7). Male students, expatriates, and those reporting increased video gaming time were more likely to develop IGD than their female and local counterparts.ConclusionThe observed associations between video gaming increase and IGD highlight the need for focused interventions to address potential risks and promote healthier digital habits among this population.

A Selective Counseling Program for Reducing Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Its Impact on Decreasing Social Anxiety and Internet Gaming Disorder among Adolescent Girls in Bisha Governorate

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a selective counseling program in reducing the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and its impact on decreasing social anxiety (SA) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among adolescent girls in Bisha Governorate. The research sample consisted of 22 students from the second grade of high school in Bisha Governorate schools. They were divided into two groups: 11 students representing the control group and 11 students representing the experimental group, who scored highest on the FoMO scale (developed by the researchers) and SA scale (Abdel-Rahman, &amp; Abdel-Maqsoud, 1998), and IGD scale (developed by the researchers). The verbal intelligence test for secondary and university stage (Gaber, &amp; Omar, 2007) was also administered. The selective counseling program (developed by the researchers) was implemented, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for data analysis. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the selective program in reducing the FoMO, social anxiety, and IGD among the experimental research sample. Additionally, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre- and post-test for FoMO scale, SA scale, and IGD scale.

Impulsivity and aggression as risk factors for internet gaming disorder among university students

Internet gaming addiction is a global problem, especially among young individuals. Exhibiting characteristics similar to other addictions, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is linked to adverse mental health outcomes. Identified as risk factors for dependence behaviors, the association of impulsivity and aggression with IGD is relatively under-researched in the student population. The present sample of 350 university students (Mage = 21.30 years, SDage = 4.96 years) from Najran university in Saudi Arabia completed an online questionnaire that included the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15). Results indicated that impulsivity and aggression were positively associated with IGD severity and both personality traits explained 34.6% of the variance in IGD scores. Further bivariate analyses suggested that individuals spending 7 or more hours on internet gaming were more likely to exhibit high impulsivity and aggression, and had a relatively higher severity of IGD. These results suggest that individuals with these personality traits may be more vulnerable to developing an addiction to internet gaming. These findings need to be confirmed in future more robust studies; however, this exploratory study provides insights for potential programs to prevent IGD among young individuals.

Prevalence and predictors of social anxiety disorders among Malaysian secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the influence of internet gaming disorder and impulsivity.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) among Malaysian secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore its correlations with demographic variables, impulsivity behavior, and internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 1574 participants from 12 government secondary schools across five Malaysian states, comprising 569 males and 1005 females, completed an online questionnaire containing validated Malay versions of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form. The findings revealed a notable SAD prevalence rate of 40.53% among Malaysian adolescents. Logistic regression analysis unveiled significant associations between SAD and factors such as attention impulsiveness (OR = 2.58, p < .001), motor impulsiveness (OR = 1.47, p = .03), female gender (OR = 2, p < .001), Malay ethnicity, and IGD (OR = 1.08, p < .001). In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the extent of social anxiety experienced by Malaysian secondary school students during the pandemic, shedding light on the demographic and psychosocial factors linked to its emergence. Furthermore, the research underscores a robust link between IGD and SAD, emphasizing the need for comprehensive interventions addressing both issues concurrently. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of these associations, future interventions can be tailored to provide holistic support for adolescents' mental well-being.

Academic Performance and Internet Gaming Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

In recent years, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has become a global issue as people have gotten overly enthusiastic about playing excessive internet games. Adolescents who play excessively on the internet develop IGD, which impacts their academic performance. In the present study, a comparative research design has opted to explore the impact of IGD across gender, academic performance, and adolescence. A total of 357 adolescents (males = 220, females = 137) from various private schools and colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were selected to obtain data on Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9- Short Form (IGDS9-SF). The results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant main effect of IGD across gender (males &amp; females). They indicated the evidence of the significance of the main effect for the assessment of IGD with F (1,355) = 11.36, p=.001. The results of two-way mixed factorial ANCOVA showed that there is a significant main effect for IGD across Academic Performance Groups (A, B, C, D &amp; F grades). They indicated the evidence of the significance of the main effect for the assessment of IGD with (F (4,352) = [9.806], p&lt;.001). Further results of two-way mixed factorial ANCOVA showed that there is a significant main effect for IGD across Groups (early &amp; late adolescence). They indicated the evidence of the significance of the main effect for the assessment of IGD with F (1,355) = 6.594, p= .011. These findings may aid in the development of a policy for the efficient use of the Internet, as well as the development of awareness programs to educate parents about the harmful use of Internet games, as well as the identification and formulation of intervention plans for adolescents suffering from IGD symptoms and performing poorly in school.

Social, Behavioral, and Academic Ramifications of Video Game Playing in College

The purpose of this research project is to determine whether video game usage influences the psychological well-being of college students. This project seeks to understand technology usage habits among students and whether this affects school performance. Previous research suggests video games may be used to treat psychological issues such as anxiety. Self-report studies note video games were helpful in certain populations in coping with stress, developing positive social behaviors, and improving cognitive abilities (Carras et al., 2018; Nuyens et al., 2019; Schuurmans et al., 2018;). Since psychological well-being is a crucial factor in academic performance (Carton &amp; Goodboy, 2015; Punia &amp; Malaviya, 2015), the current study will examine potential relationships between gaming and college GPAs. Poor habits related to technological usage may lead to negative mental health outcomes. A survey examining these factors was completed by college students at Texas Woman’s University. The survey was composed of questions from the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, Psychological Wellbeing Scale, and Boundary Management Subscale. Data was tested using ANOVAs, a Tukey HSD test as a post hoc test, and Eta squared. The results of the data found gaming tendencies were not significantly associated with GPA but were associated with negative mental health outcomes and increased issues with technology boundary management. The study has marked limitations due to the lack of non-gaming survey participants and most respondents identifying as female. These findings may be useful for clinicians in treating addictive gaming tendencies. Future research should examine more diverse student populations.

Problematic Gaming at a Crossroad: Exploring the Interplay Between Internet Gaming Disorder, Toxic Attitudes, and Empathy in Digital Entertainment

It is becoming more common to use Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) to measure problematic gaming in online environments. However, there is limited data examining the role of empathy and toxicity in IGD. In addition, little attention has been given to the role of the social element of online gaming communities and its influence on these factors. This article aims to address this gap by presenting the results of a cross-sectional study involving 567 online players who completed an online survey about their gaming habits. More specifically, participants were recruited from four different game communities and asked to complete the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale—Short Form, a toxicity-related questionnaire, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Comparisons between the four game communities were also explored. Findings pointed at significant associations between toxicity, empathy, game community, and IGD, suggesting additional research opportunities and counter strategies for preventing negative experiences with online gaming.

Factor structure and psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, short form (IGDS-SF9).

In its most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the American Psychological Association recognized that internet gaming disorder is a psychological condition and provides nine criteria for its diagnosis, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, short form (IGDS-SF9) was developed to assess individuals. To develop and investigate the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of IGDS-SF9. A five-stage translation and verification process produced an Arabic version of IGDS-SF9, and a study was conducted using a sample of 410 respondents (45.6% females, mean age = 17.6, SD = 1.56) to assess its psychometric properties. Respondents completed the Arabic version, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, as well as a demographic survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance, item response theory, convergent, concurrent, criterion validity, and internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were employed to validate the scale. The exploratory factor analysis suggested the scale's unidimensional structure; the confirmatory factor analysis exhibited good model fit and factor loadings. Measurement invariance, and concurrent, convergent, and criterion validity were established, resulting in good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the scale. The Arabic version of IGDS-SF9 is a valid and reliable measure for research and diagnosis in Arabic-speaking countries.