Internet-based Access Research Articles

Peta Digital Kependudukan Berbasis QGIS: Inovasi Teknologi untuk Visualisasi Data kependudukan dan Populasi di Dusun Mrisi, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Digital mapping has become a valuable tool for managing and visualizing geographical information. In this context, this community service aims to create a digital map using WebGIS in Mrisi Hamlet. Mrisi requires accurate and efficient mapping of population data to optimize data collection methods. This is to make decisions related to regional development, and map resources such as UMKM. This activity method involves collecting spatial and attribute data through field surveys, remote sensing, and relevant secondary data sources. The data obtained is then processed and compiled into a web-based geographical information system. In developing digital maps, WebGIS was chosen because it provides easy accessibility, interactive data visualization, and the ability to share geographical information with other users. This activity results in a digital map that includes various relevant information about Mrisi Hamlet. The map includes area boundaries, infrastructure, land use, public facilities location, and other related information. These digital maps are internet-based access and use decision-making by local governments, communities, and other related parties.

Cloud in Blockchain Technologies

Cloud computing and blockchain technology have become essential ideas in the field of IT, providing new ways to handle data. Cloud computing offers internet-based access to computing resources like servers and storage, while blockchain guarantees the accountability and immutability of data transactions with its distributed ledger system. Combining these technologies can enhance organizations' capabilities in data security and management. Businesses can utilize scalable infrastructure on cloud platforms by implementing blockchain technology, eliminating the need for large investments in physical resources. This integration improves the ability to access blockchain networks, making interactions easier across different locations and devices. Additionally, it enhances data security and privacy measures by enabling encrypted connections and strong authentication methods in cloud-based blockchain systems. Yet, obstacles remain in guaranteeing the authenticity and protection of information kept in multi-cloud settings, requiring effective authentication measures. To tackle these difficulties, this article presents a method for verifying data integrity in multi-cloud storage using blockchain technology, utilizing the decentralized aspect of blockchain to improve transparency and security. The plan automates verification procedures through smart contracts and cryptographic hashing, allowing for integrity checks at both a general and specific level across multiple Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). The proposed scheme has its effectiveness and reliability validated through theoretical analysis and experimental results, highlighting its potential to improve the security and efficiency of multi-cloud storage systems. INDEX TERMS: Cloud Computing, Blockchain Technology, Data Integrity Verification, Multi-Cloud Storage, Smart Contracts, Cryptographic Hashing, Security, Transparency.

Internet-Based Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among Colombian Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a sensitive subject, and young people may be unfamiliar with how to access SRH services. In this cross-sectional study, we examined young people's internet use to understand how they accessed SRH clinics in Colombia. This study also explored Colombian youth's interest in online material teaching how to access SRH services. Methods: During August 2019-February 2020, patients aged 10-24 years old presenting at two SRH clinics in Colombia were invited to answer a survey. Chi-square tests were performed to assess possible differences in how participants inquired how to access the clinic according to sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Among the 812 patients who participated, 91.4% were female and the median age was 19 years. To inquire how to access the SRH clinic, 30.7% of participants asked their parent(s) and 24.0% used the internet. Participants aged 20-24 years old were more likely to use the internet compared to younger participants (p < .001). Most respondents (81.5%) were interested in the availability of online material explaining how to access SRH services. Conclusions: While Colombian youth learned about how to access SRH clinics from several different sources, the vast majority indicated their interest in having access to online materials explaining how to access SRH services.

Examination of Health Information Needs of Caregivers of and Individuals with Burn Injuries.

Burns are a leading cause of trauma worldwide with about 450,000 burn injuries being treated at medical facilities in the United States each year. Finding relevant information on the long-term consequences of burn injuries is a significant challenge for many individuals with burn injuries and their caregivers. This qualitative study aimed to identify how individuals with burn injuries and caregivers of individuals with burn injuries prefer to access and use health information, identify obstacles to accessing useful information, and identify information most needed by burn survivors and caregivers. Participants were recruited through hospital listservs, websites, social media, and word of mouth from across the United States. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 individuals, 12 with burn injuries and 11 caregivers of individuals with burn injuries. Three specific needs were identified: (1) more direction from health professionals in finding health information relevant to burn injuries; (2) more internet-based access points that connect individuals to appropriate support networks; and (3) more support for long-term consequences of burn injuries, specifically with psychological, social, and other chronic physical issues. Participants identified various needs in finding relevant health information, thereby highlighting gaps in current literature and the dissemination of current literature. One potential way to address these deficiencies is to consider user-centered design principles in developing research, by more directly involving individuals with burn injuries and caregivers as part of the research team.

Human Enough: A Qualitative Study of Client Experience With Internet-Based Access to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.

BackgroundHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a way to prevent HIV infection using antiretroviral medications. However, common barriers to PrEP engagement include lack of access to prescribers; discomfort seeking sexual health services; and racism, homophobia, and transphobia in medical contexts. Key populations (eg, communities of color, young men who have sex with men, and transgender women) are underrepresented in terms of PrEP uptake in the United States. Nurx is an innovative company that has offered internet-based access to PrEP since 2016.ObjectiveIn this study, in partnership with Nurx, we aim to explore clients’ experiences of digital PrEP access—including the difference made by the telehealth format—and to understand whether Nurx helped reduce barriers to PrEP.MethodsElectronic chart review and semistructured interviews were conducted with 31 PrEP requesters from California, Florida, Illinois, and New York. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to inductive and deductive thematic analysis.ResultsSome interviewees reported initial skepticism about whether a web-based PrEP service could be legitimate or feasible. Despite this, most clients were effusive about their eventual Nurx experience, and many reported that Nurx eased barriers to PrEP access through the availability of knowledgeable, willing prescribers and minimizing embarrassment and discrimination. Our analysis suggests Nurx produced satisfaction by achieving an acceptable balance between 2 client desires: efficiency and humanity. Efficiency encompasses the simplicity, speed, and convenience of obtaining PrEP, both regarding the Nurx process itself and in comparison with in-person encounters. Humanity covers clients’ wish for personalized, responsive interaction and a feeling of connection or care. Nurx’s messaging platform was crucial to manifesting these qualities and was largely interpreted through the familiar frame of texting. Clients conceived efficiency and humanity as inversely related in a commercial enterprise and varied in the particular balance they felt was optimal. Those who wished for slightly more humanity than the service afforded used the concept of a trade-off to explain why Nurx remained appealing.ConclusionsOur findings augment evidence that internet-based PrEP provision can broaden access to this HIV prevention strategy. This important finding, notwithstanding a few provisos, merits mention. Telehealth, as practiced by Nurx, was still dependent on culturally competent medical providers as system inputs, and the very technology used to overcome access barriers (ie, the internet) generated new hurdles for some clients. Furthermore, clients did not interpret Nurx in a vacuum: their past experiences and the social and structural context mattered. Finally, only granular inquiry revealed precisely how Nurx satisfied clients whose experiences and preferences fell within a particular range. Extrapolating from this, we urge scholars not to fetishize technological solutions but rather to interrogate the ways in which any intervention’s design works for certain kinds of patients.

Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing based on Meta-heuristics: Review, Taxonomy, Open Challenges, and Future Trends

• A systematic review on meta-heuristic based task scheduling in cloud is presented. • A novel rigorous taxonomy of meta-heuristic methods in the literature is proposed. • Findings pertaining to involved aspects are verified through an in-depth analysis. • Cloud simulation tools most used in the literature are deeply addressed and analyzed. • Open issues and challenges are outlined, along with a few recommended future trends. Cloud computing is a recently looming-evoked paradigm, the aim of which is to provide on-demand, pay-as-you-go, internet-based access to shared computing resources (hardware and software) in a metered, self-service, dynamically scalable fashion. A related hot topic at the moment is task scheduling, which is well known for delivering critical cloud service performance. However, the dilemmas of resources being underutilized (underloaded) and overutilized (overloaded) may arise as a result of improper scheduling, which in turn leads to either wastage of cloud resources or degradation in service performance, respectively. Thus, the idea of incorporating meta-heuristic algorithms into task scheduling emerged in order to efficiently distribute complex and diverse incoming tasks (cloudlets) across available limited resources, within a reasonable time. Meta-heuristic techniques have proven very capable of solving scheduling problems, which is fulfilled herein from a cloud perspective by first providing a brief on traditional and heuristic scheduling methods before diving deeply into the most popular meta-heuristics for cloud task scheduling followed by a detailed systematic review featuring a novel taxonomy of those techniques, along with their advantages and limitations. More specifically, in this study, the basic concepts of cloud task scheduling are addressed smoothly, as well as diverse swarm, evolutionary, physical, emerging, and hybrid meta-heuristic scheduling techniques are categorized as per the nature of the scheduling problem (i.e., single- or multi-objective), the primary objective of scheduling, task-resource mapping scheme, and scheduling constraint. Armed with these methods, some of the most recent relevant literature are surveyed, and insights into the identification of existing challenges are presented, along with a trail to potential solutions. Furthermore, guidelines to future research directions drawn from recently emerging trends are outlined, which should definitely contribute to assisting current researchers and practitioners as well as pave the way for newbies excited about cloud task scheduling to pursue their own glory in the field.

Determination of Marketing Strategies on Telecommunication Industry Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The community’s need for telecommunications services is inseparable from everyday life. With the existing sophistication, the people of Ambon City want access to information that is diverse, easy, fast, and reliable. PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk., Ambon is one of the state-owned companies engaged in telecommunications. To compete in the development of internet-based access and tehnology, PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk., Ambon must make promotional programs that are attractive, informative, communicative, affordable, persuasive, and memorable. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method results in a presentation on the priority of promotional programs, namely, Promotion on Radio (17.9%), Festival (13.7%), Door To Door Marketing (12.9%), Open Table (12.7%), Website Promotion (11.2%), Advertise “add lips” on Radio (11.1%), Install Billboards (8.8%), Promotions with Banners (6.5%), and Advertisements in Newspapers (5.2 %).

Public educational psychology services in Israel on the internet

BackgroundThe public Educational Psychology Services provide mental health services for children and youth in Israel, alongside the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Services. The Psychological and Counseling Services Division of the Ministry of Education (known as SHEFI - Sherut Psychology Yeutzi), funds and supervises local Educational Psychology Services which are aimed at supporting child development and enhancing the emotional welfare of children and their families. The demand for the services of educational psychologists is increasing. Yet this demand is not being met due to the insufficient number of job slots allocated, the geographical distances in outlying peripheral areas, the already high loads in the psychologists’ daily routine, and other such problems. A wide range of effective psychological services can be offered via the internet. The internet therefore has the potential to serve as a useful and efficient missing link between the high demands for educational psychology services on the one hand and the ability and desire among educational psychologists to meet those needs on the other. Moreover, even if the services were fully staffed, the resources would still be insufficient to provide personal (face-to-face) treatment for all, so that internet-based access to services would still need to be developed. Those services provide unique advantages such as overcoming distance and enabling higher availability of mental health professionals. The objectives of the current study were to describe the prevalence of public educational psychology services available online in Israel, with specific focus on the Arab minority and the peripheral regions, and to highlight the benefits of expanding those services.MethodDuring 2016, we conducted a survey comprising all 252 Public Educational Psychology Service units in Israel (n = 170 in the Jewish sector, and n = 82 in the Arab sector). The method used to search for online sites was in line with the actions taken by an average end-user searching for information on the internet.ResultsThe survey found that 125 of the units in the Jewish sector (73.5% of those units) and all 82 units in the Arab sector had no online site at all, constituting 82.2% of all the units in Israel. Of the 45 Jewish websites located by the survey, 42 (93.3% of the sites) were not user friendly (not interactive), and only three offered the possibility of interacting with psychologists (6.7% of the sites). Nevertheless, all the sites (n = 45) offered a high degree of quality and variety that exceeded basic information.ConclusionWe believe that the presence of educational psychologists on the internet is essential in order to meet the challenges presented by the growing needs of students, parents and teachers in the current digital era. The survey revealed that the public educational psychology system in Israel has not yet bridged the technological gap. Special attention should be directed to the peripheral regions and to the Arab sector, where the technological services can make a significant contribution. The local public services’ attempts to create and operate websites (45 Jewish websites according to the survey), are indicative of the determination to offer psychological support to the community at large, and of the ambition to overcome availability and accessibility problems. The concept of internet services might be useful not only for the SHEFI, but also for the array of mental health services for children and youth in Israel. Thus, we recommend that a policy should be formulated regarding internet-based mental health services for children and youth in Israel, and we call for a collaboration between the various ministries in implementing this process.

Security Challenges in Healthcare Cloud Computing: A Systematic Review

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/strong&gt; Healthcare data are very sensitive records that should not be made available to unauthorized people in order for protecting patient's information security. However, in progressed technologies as cloud computing which are vulnerable to cyber gaps that pose an adverse impact on the security and privacy of patients’ electronic health records and in these situations, security challenges of the wireless networks need to be carefully understood and considered. Recently, security concerns in cloud computing environment are a matter of challenge with rising importance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study a systematic review to investigate the security challenges in cloud computing was carried out. We focused mainly on healthcare cloud computing security with an organized review of 210 full text articles published between 2000 and 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHOD:&lt;/strong&gt; A systematic literature review was conducted including PubMed, Science direct, Embase, ProQuest, Web of science, Cochrane, Emerald, and Scopus databases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FINDINGS:&lt;/strong&gt; Using the strategies described, 666 references retrieved (for research question one 365, research question two 201, and research question three 100 references).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IMPROVEMENTS:&lt;/strong&gt; Review of articles showed that for ensuring healthcare data security, it is important to provide authentication, authorization and access control within cloud's virtualized network. Issues such as identity management and access control, Internet-based access, authentication and authorization and cybercriminals are major concerns in healthcare cloud computing. To manage these issues&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;many involved events such as Hybrid Execution Model, VCC-SSF, sHype Hypervisor Security Architecture, Identity Management, and Resource Isolation approaches&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;have to be defined for using cloud computing threat management processes.&lt;/p&gt;

P08.28 * AN INTERNET-BASED REGISTRY FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF NEOPLASTIC MENINGITIS

Neoplastic involvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meninges is a relatively rare and highly heterogeneous disease. Only few randomized studies investigated different treatment strategies and achived no conclusive results. New prospective studies with homogeneous entities are difficult to establish and some initiatives failed recently. Therefore, an open, multicentric registry may be an adequate alternative for a prospective documentation and analysis of a large number of cases of neoplastic meningitis from different primary neoplasms. To enable an easy multicentric access, an internet-based database was chosen. Secutrial is a professional database which enables pseudonymized registration of clinical courses and meets all reuqirements for the protection of personal data. Predefined routines allow for an immediate analysis of data like survival or toxicity including the most recently documented data. The internet-based access enables a multicentric, international documentation of cases of neoplastic meningitis. Analysis of these data may allow conclusions on efficacy and toxicity of different treatment strategies in the separate tumor entities. The configuration of the database allows for a separate documentation of the course of primary neoplasm, systemic and solid central nervous system metastases as well as neoplastic meningitis. Also, complications of the disease and toxicity of treatment can be documented. By such, the database is able to discriminate between different causes of clinical deterioration and death. Operative, medical treatment and radiotherapy can be assessed as well as results of radiological, histological and cytological examniations including diagnostic and prognostic markers. The system is flexible enough to enable the addition of newly established items like biomarkers if needed. Dicomm data of radiological examniations can be upoaded and shared if needed and biobanking organized. The results of tumor boards can be documented as well. Since multicentric prospective trials are difficult to perform for this rare and heterogeneous disease, an internet based registry appears to be an adequate alternative to collect data on treatment results. We think that the structure and content of the database presented here provides an adequate tool to collect and analyse a large number of cases with neoplastic meningitis.

An Internet-Based Registry For The Documentation Of Neoplastic Meningitis

Neoplastic involvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meninges is a relatively rare and highly heterogeneous disease. Only few randomized studies investigated different treatment strategies and achived no conclusive results. New prospective studies with homogeneous entities are difficult to establish and some initiatives failed recently. Therefore, an open, multicentric registry may be an adequate alternative for a prospective documentation and analysis of a large number of cases of neoplastic meningitis from different primary neoplasms.To enable an easy multicentric access, an internet-based database was chosen. Secutrial is a professional database which enables pseudonymized registration of clinical courses and meets all requirements for the protection of personal data. Predefined routines enable an immediate analysis of data like survival or toxicity including the most recently documented data. The internet-based access enables a multicentric, international documentation of cases of neoplastic meningitis. Analysis of these data may allow for conclusions on efficacy and toxicity of different treatment strategies in the separate tumor entities.The configuration of the database provides a separate documentation of the course of primary neoplasm, systemic and central nervous system metastases as well as neoplastic meningitis. Operative, medical treatment and radiotherapy can be assessed as well as results of radiological, histological and cytological examinations including diagnostic and prognostic markers. Also, complications of the disease and toxicity of treatment can be documented. By such, the database is able to discriminate between different causes of clinical deterioration and death. The system is flexible enough to enable the addition of newly established items like biomarkers if needed. Dicomm data of radiological examinations can be uploaded and shared if needed and biobanking organized. The results of tumor boards can be documented as well.Since multicentric prospective trials are difficult to perform for this rare and heterogeneous disease, an internet based registry appears to be an adequate alternative to collect data on treatment results. We think that the structure and content of the database presented here provides an adequate tool to collect and analyse a large number of cases with neoplastic meningitis. Disclosures:Strik: Mundipharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Medac: Consultancy, Honoraria; Micromet: Consultancy.

Questionnaire surveys of dentists on radiology

Survey by questionnaire is a widely used research method in dental radiology. A major concern in reviews of questionnaires is non-response. The objectives of this study were to review questionnaire studies in dental radiology with regard to potential survey errors and to develop recommendations to assist future researchers. A literature search with the software search package PubMed was used to obtain internet-based access to Medline through the website www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. A search of the English language peer-reviewed literature was conducted of all published studies, with no restriction on date. The search strategy found articles with dates from 1983 to 2010. The medical subject heading terms used were "questionnaire", "dental radiology" and "dental radiography". The reference sections of articles retrieved by this method were hand-searched in order to identify further relevant papers. Reviews, commentaries and relevant studies from the wider literature were also included. 53 questionnaire studies were identified in the dental literature that concerned dental radiography and included a report of response rate. These were all published between 1983 and 2010. In total, 87 articles are referred to in this review, including the 53 dental radiology studies. Other cited articles include reviews, commentaries and examples of studies outside dental radiology where they are germane to the arguments presented. Non-response is only one of four broad areas of error to which questionnaire surveys are subject. This review considers coverage, sampling and measurement, as well as non-response. Recommendations are made to assist future research that uses questionnaire surveys.

Participant identification in genetic association studies: improved methods and practical implications

In a recent paper by Homer et al. (Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays. PLoS Genet 2008;4:e1000167), a method for detecting whether a given individual is a contributor to a particular genomic mixture was proposed. This prompted grave concern about the public dissemination of aggregate statistics from genome-wide association studies. It is of clear scientific importance that such data be shared widely, but the confidentiality of study participants must not be compromised. The issue of what summary genomic data can safely be posted on the web is only addressed satisfactorily when the theoretical underpinnings of the proposed method are clarified and its performance evaluated in terms of dependence on underlying assumptions. The original method raised a number of concerns and several alternatives have since been proposed, including a simple linear regression approach. In our proposed generalized estimating equation approach, we maintain the simplicity of the linear regression model but obtain inferences that are more robust to approximation of the variance/covariance structure and can accommodate linkage disequilibrium. We affirm that, in principle, it is possible to determine that a 'candidate' individual has participated in a study, given a subset of aggregate statistics from that study. However, the methods depend critically on a number of key factors including: the ancestry of participants in the study; the absolute and relative numbers of cases and controls; and the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Simple guidelines for publication that are based on a single criterion are therefore unlikely to suffice. In particular, 'directed' summary statistics should not be posted openly on the web but could be protected by an internet-based access check as proposed by the P3G_Consortium et al. (Public access to genome-wide data: five views on balancing research with privacy and protection. PLoS Genet 2009;5:e1000665).

Internet Mediated Research: The Viability of Synchronous Online Interviewing and Web-Based Diaries for Data Collection with Participants with Social Communication Difficulties

Internet Mediated Research (IMR) is, compared to more established methods, still in its infancy but nevertheless techniques and technologies to support it are advancing rapidly. As the pace of technological change increases, there is ever more need to understand not just the practicalities but the challenges and opportunities that IMR presents. This paper presents a practical guide to using synchronous online interviewing and web-based diaries for data collection with participants with social communication difficulties. Included here are detail of the participant and researcher interfaces, and description of their use whilst carrying out two forms of data collection. Synchronous online interviews provide rich qualitative data from real-time interaction between participant and researcher, whereas web-based diaries provide Internet-based access to non-retrospective qualitative accounts over an extended period. The challenges and opportunities these techniques offer are subsequently explored in this paper, as the researcher sets out a critical reflection of her use of these techniques, from the viewpoint of both respondent and researcher. The quality and utility of both online interviewing and web-based diaries are discussed and evaluated, along with how the ethical issues were addressed. Lack of non-verbal encouragement proved problematic for some online participants. IMR, however, proved a particularly effective communication platform for data collection, by providing flexibility in time and location, increasing anonymity through secure password protected environments, giving access to relatively unselfconscious accounts and by being cost effective. For participants with social communication and/or specific learning difficulties, the computer environment was adaptable, making it less stressful than face-to-face human interaction. For the researcher, events could be captured close to when they happened, and traced over time. Data completion could be monitored, archived and easily entered into a computer assisted qualitative data analysis program. Transcription was unnecessary, making a considerable saving in terms of time and potential transcription errors. Keywords: Internet Mediated Research, Synchronous Online Interviewing, Instant Messenger, Web- Based Diaries, Disabilities

Mobility management protocols for next-generation all-IP satellite networks

To provide ubiquitous terrestrial Internet coverage mobility and Internet-based access to data generated by satellites, there is a strong desire to integrate the terrestrial Internet and satellite networks. This requires satellites that are based on IP for communications. Rotation of low Earth orbit satellites around the Earth results in communicating with different ground stations over time, and requires mobility management protocols for seamless communication between the Internet and satellite networks. In this article we provide a comprehensive summary and comparison of state-of-the-art research on mobility management schemes for satellite networks. The schemes are based on network and transport layers for managing host and network mobility. This article clearly indicates the aspects that need further research and which mobility management schemes are the best candidates for satellite networks.

A review of dentists' use of digital radiography and caries diagnosis with digital systems

To investigate the evidence for (1) dentists' use of digital radiography and (2) the outcome of caries diagnosis with digital systems. A literature search with the software search package PubMed was used to get internet-based access to Medline through the website www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. The search was limited to the years 1999-2005 since most papers dealing with the diagnostic value of digital radiography systems published before 1999 will hold little interest for today's users due to changes in the systems. The search strategies resulted in 123 articles (Table 1, #4 and #5). Original research articles (not reviews) were selected by the following inclusion criteria: (1) questionnaire studies on the use of direct digital intraoral radiography systems (not digitized film), (2) studies which used human teeth and natural caries lesions, and further in laboratory studies, the sectioned tooth was the gold standard for validating the presence or depth of a lesion. The search resulted in 42 articles fulfilling the above criteria, which could be grouped into three types of studies: (a) questionnaire studies, (b) clinical (in vivo) studies, and (c) laboratory (in vitro) studies. Nine questionnaire studies, five clinical studies and 28 laboratory studies were found. These studies and their results are summarized in Tables 2-5. The number of studies was limited, and some of the digital systems were evaluated in only one or two studies. A conclusive judgment may therefore not be possible for the majority of the digital systems selected for this review. There is a continuous need for the evaluation of new digital intraoral radiography systems that appear on the market, first and foremost for their image quality and diagnostic accuracy, but certainly also for their performance in the clinic, a clear deficiency observed after the literature search for the present review.

Internet-based and network-based relay center access for the hearing and speech impaired

A system and a method for providing telephone call message translation via a relay center having a message translator for translating messages between parties of a telephone call from text to speech and from speech to text, as required. A communication link is provided between at least a first party of a number of parties of the telephone call and the message translator via one of an Internet Protocol connection or a network connection.

Internet-based remote access for a manufacturing-oriented teleservice

A manufacturing-oriented teleservice is one of the most promising strategies for next-generation manufacturing (NGM). It takes advantage of modern information technology and infrastructure to innovate the customer service paradigm, and, thus, to enhance the competitiveness of a manufacturing enterprise. Being the key issue of this area, the problem of remote access to industrial equipment will be explored in this paper. A general Internet-based solution for remote access to industrial equipment, which consists of a service provider (SP), a service receiver (SR), and Internet-based communication media (CM), is proposed. The realization technology and implementation procedure are then illustrated with a trial system. With the help of established worldwide remote access via the Internet in the trial system, the possible applications that can support various manufacturing-oriented teleservices, such as telemonitoring, telemaintenance, tele-file-management, and telealarm are further discussed and realized.

Building Knowledge, Building Community: Integrating Internet Access to Secondary Data as Part of the Community Development Process

Too often, the approach to secondary data collection and analysis in community development is to handle it as an activity separate from other participatory processes. Today, as the internet has grown, not only has easy access to online sources of secondary data increased, but the internet itself has opened up the ability of communities to engage in data collection and analysis in new and innovative ways. Engaging communities in building internet-based access to locally relevant data can result in the inter-related outcomes of increased knowledge about one's community and increased local access to community data, while doing it in a way that builds community relationships and local ownership of the results, as well as increased ease with internet technology. Included are suggestions for both the process and product in integrating internet-based data access into local community development.

Dynamic molecules: molecular dynamics for everyone. An internet-based access to molecular dynamic simulations: basic concepts.

Molecular dynamics is a rapidly developing field of science and has become an established tool for studying the dynamic behavior of biomolecules. Although several high quality programs for performing molecular dynamic simulations are freely available, only well-trained scientists are currently able to make use of the broad scientific potential that molecular dynamic simulations offer to gain insight into structural questions at an atomic level. The "Dynamic Molecules" approach is the first internet portal that provides an interactive access to set up, perform and analyze molecular dynamic simulations. It is completely based on standard web technologies and uses only publicly available software. The aim is to open molecular dynamics techniques to a broader range of users including undergraduate students, teachers and scientists outside the bioinformatics field. The time-limiting factors are the availability of free capacity on the computing server to run the simulations and the time required to transport the history file through the internet for the animation mode. The interactive access mode of the portal is acceptable for animations of molecules having up to about 500 atoms.