International Wine Market Research Articles

Verseny és előny – A Decanter World Wine Awards magyar vonatkozású eredményei és azok összefüggése a borok árával

This study examines the relationship between Hungarian wine prices and the results of the 2023 Decanter World Wine Awards (DWWA). The study analyses the relationship between the DWWA and the prices of medal-winning Hungarian wines and the impact on the Hungarian wine sector. An analysis of the correlation between the Decanter World Wine Awards and Hungarian wines shows the price-shaping effect of wine competitions on the Hungarian and international wine market. By taking advantage of the recognition and credibility provided by the DWWA, Hungarian winemakers have the opportunity to position their wines in higher market segments, serving discerning consumers seeking premium and award-winning wines. Three regions seem to be best suited for this: Tokaj, Eger and South Pannonia (Villany and Szekszard). The winning wines will contribute to the economic viability and sustainability of the Hungarian wine industry, providing access to new sales channels, international recognition and promoting the unique and diverse Hungarian terroir. The medals achieved in this prestigious competition will facilitate market entry in competitive markets and foster cooperation with distributors and importers seeking quality-driven wine portfolios. Continued investment in quality development, sustainability practices and market diversification will be essential for Hungarian winemakers to capitalise on the success of the competition for long-term growth. In the future, the authors aim to conduct a study of the results of several years of competition, incorporating new perspectives.JEL Codes: E2, E3, F1, M2, M3

THE UKRAINIAN WINE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND FORMATION CHARACTERISTICS

The article is dedicated to exploring the network that governs the journey of wine from vineyard to consumer. This study delves into the core principles underlying the wine distribution system, highlighting its complexities and the key factors that shape its formation. The distribution system serves as a vital link between producers and consumers, encompassing various stages such as production, logistics, marketing, and sales. The article begins by examining the international wine market and changes in its main indicators, determines which factors affect the distribution system and defines the peculiarities and problems of the functioning system of wine distribution in Ukraine during the russsia invasion. This research article explores the key components of the wine distribution system, highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities at each stage. Moreover, this study examines how distribution channels are established and highlights the key characteristics of the wine distribution system in various countries around the world, including Ukraine. Highlights the importance of studying the factors that influence the wine distribution system, emphasizing its multifaceted impact on market efficiency, consumer satisfaction, regulatory compliance, and sustainability. The goal is to investigate various approaches to the formation of the wine distribution system and the activities of its subjects in various world markets and in Ukraine in a global, changing environment. The research was conducted using the following methods: systematic analysis of global reports and specialized publications and monographs; analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction; classification and analytical; graphic; analysis of recent research and publications. The information base consists of articles, reports that contain information about wine distribution systems, as well as their features of functioning.

Wine international market structure and competitiveness

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the wine market in relation to international competitiveness and international market structure.Design/methodology/approachTo describe the international market structure, this paper uses Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and Net Export Index to measure export competitiveness revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA). Finally, survival function analyses were developed using the Kaplan–Meier product-limit estimator to characterise the stability and duration of the competitiveness in the international wine market of each country and after they were grouped into Old and New World wine-exporting countries, and Wilcoxon and the Log-rank tests were used to compare the survivor functions.FindingsThe findings have revealed that the import market structure has remained unconcentrated, whereas the export market structure is moderately concentrated. Concerning trade characteristics, France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Portugal, Argentina, South Africa and Georgia are exporters. Austria is a trader (re-exporter), and the USA, Germany, the UK and the Netherlands are importers with strong domestic consumption. Regarding the RSCA, the New and Old World wine-exporting countries have high scores, specifically France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Portugal, Argentina, South Africa and Georgia. However, the advantages have weakened for most of the countries analysed. Only a few Old World wine-exporting counties (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Georgia) have demonstrated stable comparative advantages over time. However, when grouped into Old World and New World, their survivor functions present little statistical differentiation during the period.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is that it applies the industrial organisation and comparative advantage approaches to the wine international market, highlighting the top global players. The paper also makes valuable contributions to the wine literature by analysing the duration and stability of comparative advantage in the worldwide wine trade at a country level and comparing them grouped into Old and New World wine-exporting countries.

THE QUALITATIVE OENOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE WINE GRAPECULTIVARS FROM THE AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION AT SCDVV DRĂGĂŞANI

Research was carried out during 2020-2022 period at SCDVV Drăgăşani and at the Wine Analysis Laboratory within Sâmbureşti Domains. The cultivars analyzed and studied were 'Negru vârtos', 'Novac', 'Cârlogancă' and 'Bikaver 13', from the national germplasm collection of the Drăgăşani unit. The first three cultivars are considered autochthonous and even local, the fourth is a Hungarian cultivar. These cultivars are valuable, which lend themselves best to the eco-pedological conditions of the wine-growing area. The qualities of the wines obtained from these cultivars were valued, through physical-chemical analyzes and statistical calculations, using indices such as mean, variance (s2), standard deviation (s) and the coefficient of variation (CV%), the aim being to obtain wines of the DOC type and GI and their promotion on the national and international wine market. Therefore, the wines from Drăgăşani continue their traditional performance even today, that of being present on the market with their famous and very good wines. Drăgăşani wines are known in the country and abroad, being appreciated among the best red and white wines.

Changes in the international wine trade and policies for the promotion of moldovan wines

Abstract From an economic perspective, the COVID-19 crisis has been an exogenous shock to most local and international markets. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical separation (or social distancing) to prevent the spread of the virus has led to feelings of isolation and loneliness, increasing the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, and insomnia in the population. However, during the lockdown, technological devices have provided a way for people to maintain social connections with friends, family, their social networks, and/or the wider community. This article analyzes the changes on the international wine market and estimates the exports of Moldovan wine, especially in the neighboring region, which includes Romania, Ukraine and Bulgaria to Nigeria, considered a new market and characterized by the lack of traditions in wine consumption.

Promotion of European Wines in Third Countries within the Common Market Organisation Framework: The Case of France

The international wine market has undertaken important structural changes in the first decades of the 21st century, both in terms of demand and offer. In order to mitigate the effect deriving from the increase in competition, the European Union (EU) continues to allocate important resources to increase the competitiveness of the winemaking sector by means of its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Common Market Organization (CMO). This paper aims to understand which factors have an influence on the correct implementation of the CMO measure of promotion in the principal wine exporter country: France. A fuzzy-set model (fs/QCA) has been utilized, studying a period of 10 years since 2009. Results show that is it possible to obtain a better execution ratio of measure of promotion by adapting some key factors, such as CMO budget allocation. These findings could support French national and regional authorities in the task of planning. Moreover, other Member States (MS) could also benefit, since in the new CAP approach, a higher participation in strategic plans is required for them by the EU.

UV-B Radiation as a Factor that Deserves Further Research in Bolivian Viticulture: A Review

Bolivian viticulture has acquired an incipient notoriety in the international wine market due to theproduction of high-altitude wines with a high antioxidant potential. Andes agricultural regions presentan advantage for wine production since UV-B radiation reaching the earth’s surface increases withaltitude and varies with latitude, promoting the activation of plant defense mechanisms responsible forthe synthesis of secondary metabolites. UV‐B radiation upregulates the biosynthesis of nitrogen, phenolicand volatile compounds that contribute to wine flavour. It is thought that the incident UV-B radiationin the Bolivian valleys makes it possible to obtain wines with high phenolic and aromatic potential, butthe published results are not entirely conclusive. This manuscript addressed the geological and climaticfeatures that affect Bolivian viticulture, and we reviewed the field studies carried out regarding the effectsof altitude and UV-B radiation on flavour components of grapes and wines from Bolivian viticulturalvalleys. A high antioxidant capacity and trans-resveratrol content is found in grapes and wines from highaltitude Bolivian vineyards, including if they are compared to those samples from different wine countries.However, high UV-B radiation can result in bunch sunburn affecting some physico-chemical parameters ofthe produced wines. Scarce number of studies have been developed in this field despite this region presenta valuable potential for research in order to quantify the effects of biologically damaging radiation on thesynthesis of flavour components in grapes and some of them were not well scientifically controlled.

What’s in a wine? – A spot check of the integrity of European wine sold in China based on anthocyanin composition, stable isotope and glycerol impurity analysis

ABSTRACT The international wine market has been repeatedly hit by cases of fraud in recent decades. While several studies attested a special vulnerability of the fast growing wine business in China, reports on chemical analyses of commercial wine samples are rare. We examined 50 predominantly red wines with European labelling, which were purchased on the Chinese market, for fraud-relevant parameters. More than 20% of the tested samples revealed anomalies in relation to the stable isotope ratios of D/H, 18O/16O and 13C/12C, contents of technical glycerol by-products or anthocyanin composition. These results strongly suggested watering of the wines, chaptalisation, glycerol addition or the use of non-Vitis anthocyanin sources, respectively. Some of these samples also showed suspicious spelling errors or other irregularities in the labelling, but the majority appeared genuine to the eye. Hence, this spot check demonstrates the importance of chemical authenticity analysis of market samples in order to detect fraudulent products. Moreover, we used the same sample set for an evaluation of the Chinese standard method for carbon stable isotope determination of wine ethanol in comparison to the current OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine) standard method. The results of a Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the methods can be applied interchangeably. As the two methods differ in their workflow and in the requested equipment, this might eventually enable more laboratories to perform 13C/12C analysis of wine and spirits.

Influence of the oxidation in the aromatic composition and sensory profile of Rioja red aged wines

Rioja is one of the most important Spanish wine regions, and commonly produces wines with good aging potential. The quality of Rioja aged wines is well appreciated by tasters and consumers in the international wine market. In this study, the influence of the aromatic composition and oxidation on their sensory profile of different high-quality long-aged wines produced in Rioja was evaluated. The aromatic compounds that can participate actively on the aromatic profile of this type of wines have been identified. In this way, 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione and 2-phenylacetaldehyde were the most sensory active compounds. At lesser extent, 3-methylbutanal, (E)-2-nonenal, and (E)-2-octenal were also important volatile compounds in this type of wines. Surprisingly, sotolon was only detected as active compounds in the oldest wines with lower price. Contrary, methional mainly appeared as active compound in the youngest samples of wines with higher price. 2-methylpropanal was a non-active compound in wines correctly aged and stored. This work contributes to an improved understanding about the key odorants in Rioja high-quality old wines.

A leader in an emerging new international market: the determinants of French wine exports, 1848–1938

AbstractThe objective of this article is to provide an in‐depth study of France's performance in the new international wine market that began to take shape from the middle of the nineteenth century. We analyse the main determinants of its success in exporting ordinary and high‐quality wine using a gravity model for both types of wine. The article shows how France lost foreign markets in the ordinary wine sector, due to difficulties in maintaining its exports, which resulted from the decrease in production caused by the phylloxera plague and increasing competition from growing numbers of producers who were more efficient at producing these types of wines. However, in the high‐quality wine market, French exporters enjoyed considerable success, increasing their exports thanks to their efforts to offer a product that was highly valued abroad and the use of modern marketing and sales techniques. The exports benefited from the fall in transport costs and French colonial expansion. However, exports of both products were severely affected by a series of major events, including the First World War, the Russian Revolution, Prohibition in the US, and the Great Depression. This case study of the wine market shows that the collapse of the first globalization was not the same for all products.

Index-based Analysis of Georgian Wine Export's Competitiveness on a Global Market

The main objective of the article is to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine exports. Initially, it is shown the current situation of Georgian wine export industry. In analysis part it is taken first 28 countries, where Georgia exports the wine and the period is defined from 2008-2018. In the methodological part, in order to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine it is used the Trade Intensity Index, Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (Balassa Index) and the competitiveness Index of Wine Exports between Georgia and other countries. Based on the results and discussion it should be concluded that Georgia has revealed comparative advantage in the international wine market. In the international market it is difficult for Georgia to compete large-volume wine production EU countries: France, Italy and Germany. The revealed comparative advantage for USA and Canada is low on the international wine market. However, it is hard for Georgia to compete with the USA wines on the international market, while Georgian wines are more competitive than Canadian.

Poisoned Wine: Regulation, Chemical Analyses, and Spanish-French Trade in the 1930s

This paper describes the resources, scientific spaces, and experts involved in the study of a mass poisoning caused by the drinking of arsenic-contaminated wine exported from Spain to France in 1932. Local and international periodicals record the poisoning of 300 French sailors, and stressed the commercial implications of the case. We discuss the reports prepared by different experts (mainly physicians, agricultural engineers, and customs chemists). Their work was not limited to preparing technical publications or chemical analyses; they also actively defended the quality of their local wine, and played a major role in the discussions regarding the regulation of the international wine market in the 1930s, when new standards regarding the analysis of wine were being considered. Curiously, this well-publicised case of mass poisoning did not have any noticeable consequences in the international regulation of wine. This absence of subsequent regulatory action and the role of experts are central topics of the paper.

A Worldwide Perspective on Viticultural Zoning

This article reviews viticultural zoning concerns and issues, from a worldwide perspective. The needs of the everexpanding international wine market, and thus zoning objectives, have seen significant changes in recent years. Consequently, more countries and individual wine-producing regions have been involved in zoning studies. Although many of these studies were initiated in Europe, zoning needs reach far beyond the countries endowed with centuries-old viticultural history. The demarcation of registered designations of origin or protected geographical indications is one of the most obvious zoning aims. Viticultural zoning originated in the XIXth century in Europe, but is now widely applied in even the most recent emerging wine-growing countries of the New World. Other important zoning aims, not necessarily related to demarcating operations, often involve segmenting a vineyard territory into homogeneous units for pest management, land division, vineyard-restructuring operations, harvestquality management or site selection for new vineyards. The homogeneous units obtained through viticultural zoning are frequently referred to as ‘terroirs’. However, their spatial scale and the qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis may vary greatly, depending on the individual authors and the characteristics of the vinegrowing region, and consequently it is difficult to make international comparisons. Viticultural zoning studies can be divided broadly into two main approaches: the first approach is based largely on the geographic differentiation of wine, grape, or grapevine characteristics, while the second approach focuses on the geographical differentiation of land capability or vineyard suitability studies in which soil and climate are normally the key environmental variables used with varying degrees of importance. Although viticultural zoning is not always synonymous with mapping and spatial analysis, this practice is changing due to the enhanced use of geomatics. For example, digital mapping methods and remote sensing techniques have revolutionized viticultural zoning on all levels, ranging from the single plot to the regional level. On the field or local scale, the suitability approaches may include precision viticulture, which is mostly directed towards an understanding of grapevine ecophysiological functioning. On the regional or global scale, suitability approaches may be oriented towards the characterisation of broad geographical patterns of land use. The challenge with the different approaches is to compare the results derived at the regional level with those of the sample sites on the local scale. This paper provides some examples of the various approaches that are likely to enable zoning comparisons at the various spatial scales, including the international level.

Changes in the international wine market competitiveness

This study offers a contribution to understanding the complexity of the international wine trade analysing the specialisation patterns of 14 among the most important wine world actors in the period 2007&2016, in order to verify if the patterns of comparative advantages for the trade of this countries have experienced significant changes. Using the Lafay index, as a comparative advantage measure, our results reveal deep changes in the global wine market exchange. Our result constitutes a base element for the future development of the competitive scenario and provides some both theoretical and practical implications. In the baseline projection, the maintenance of the competitive position is closely linked to the needs to know the specificities, the differences, the sizes and the economic opportunities for each of the countries target, in order to undertake targeted actions and effective strategies.

Changes in the international wine market competitiveness

This study offers a contribution to understanding the complexity of the international wine trade analysing the specialisation patterns of 14 among the most important wine world actors in the period 2007&2016, in order to verify if the patterns of comparative advantages for the trade of this countries have experienced significant changes. Using the Lafay index, as a comparative advantage measure, our results reveal deep changes in the global wine market exchange. Our result constitutes a base element for the future development of the competitive scenario and provides some both theoretical and practical implications. In the baseline projection, the maintenance of the competitive position is closely linked to the needs to know the specificities, the differences, the sizes and the economic opportunities for each of the countries target, in order to undertake targeted actions and effective strategies.

The country-brand in the wine industry: how important is variety specialization?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether or not the reputation of a region/country in the international wine market depends on a region/country’s efforts to specialize in a specific grape variety. Design/methodology/approach Data on 19,959 bottles of wine corresponding to six vintages across ten wine producing regions worldwide are used to estimate a hedonic price model that measures consumer valuations of the different wine attributes. Findings The results of this study show that although variety specialization has successfully underpinned the reputation of some New World regions, such as the Napa Valley (with its Cabernet Sauvignon) or Oregon (with its Pinot Noir); in others, such as Australia (with its Shiraz), this has not been successful. Practical implications Over the last ten years, the exponential growth of Australian bulk wine exports has seriously harmed the reputation of Australian wine. With respect to the Napa Valley wines, price discount received by Australian wines increases between the 1997 and 2007 vintage from 33 to 61 percent. Thus, in order to successfully build a collective reputation of an entrant (New World) country, an institutional framework that mediates differences of interest between the large and small vineyards and, above all, that regulates the free-rider problem in the wine market is required. Originality/value This paper empirically illustrates how cooperative (and non-cooperative) behavior between firms can help to build (and to destroy) collective reputation of wines that come from the same region or country.

Price adjustment in world wine markets: A cointegration analysis

World wine trade has undergone an exponential dynamic in recent years because of the fall in domestic demand of the main traditional producing countries. This study aims to measure the degree of price integration in the international wine market, within a framework where review and re-adaptation of strategies and behaviors is continuous in a scenario of increasing globalization. Prices from the principal Old World exporting countries have been taken into account, and those from New World exporters. The methodology adopted is based on estimating the Error Correction Vectors, linear and with thresholds. Results obtained show that export prices of Old World countries in the EU are homogenous and seek equilibrium within the same cointegration space; and, on the other hand, that New World exporters do not share a common behavior in their exporting dynamics. France appears as the “leader” of Old World countries, although its leadership and trend is not followed or shared by the New World exporters. However, Italy and particularly Spain are the ones cointegrated, linearly and non-linearly, with markets from New World countries, USA and Argentina. Therefore, France is reference within the EU, while New World exporters countries take Italy and Spain as reference competitors.

Analysis of production potential and competitive position of Serbia on the international wine market

The purpose of this research is analysis and forecasting of the most important trends on the international wine market, as well as identifying opportunities for wine export from Serbia. The aim of the research is to analyse the movement of the wine production and trade on the international market by applying the appropriate methodology. The paper is structured in the following segments: 1) examining the impact of number of vines and yields per vine on the acheved volume of grape production in the Republic of Serbia in the observed period; 2) examining the competitive position of the Republic of Serbia on the international wine market; and 3) analysis of the value and structure of foreign trade of wine between the Republic of Serbia and other countries. Comparative analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis are used in the paper. The results of this paper indicate: 1) higher impact of yields per vine on the volume of grape production in relation to the impact of the number of vines on the volume of grape production; 2) increasing defcit of foreign trade of wine between Serbia and other world countries; and 3) that Serbia reduced coverage of import of wine by export of wine in the observed period.

Seven Sisters: wine and womanhood

Subject area The main topics covered by this case are marketing strategies in a saturated market, human resource management, small enterprise challenges and constraints and corporate strategy. Study level/applicability The intended audiences for this case are upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. Students getting their degrees in business, international labor relations, marketing or public policy/administration are the main targets for this case. Students also interested in in agriculture, international development and race relations will benefit from studying this case. Case overview The international wine market is highly competitive. Innovative strategies are needed for new wineries to stand out in this saturated market. Both the product quality and its life story are important to consumers. Seven Sisters is exploring two new markets – Nigeria and Sweden – to expand their international presence. Also explored are marketing strategies for deeper penetration of the domestic market in South Africa. The case study illustrates the challenges and opportunities facing a small, women-owned enterprise from an emerging economy that is exploring international markets. Expected learning outcomes The specific teaching objective of this case is to teach students the importance of marketing and corporate strategy in a highly saturated market, such as South Africa. Analyzing this case, students will be exposed to value chains, formulating corporate strategy and devising marketing strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Competitiveness and the Market for Central and Eastern European Wines: A Cultural Good in the Global Wine Market

The shifting locus of international wine production reflects the impact of ‘New World’ wines from the Southern hemisphere and the United States. A region which, oenologically, had an historic and traditional advantage over these new sources—the Central and Eastern European countries—has lagged behind these young competitors. This paper examines some recent history of the international wine market and this region's status in it. It suggests an unconventional interpretation of the nature of wine in the marketplace—as a cultural good—and discusses how this understanding of wine might define a market niche not yet served by current producers.