International Union Of Soil Sciences Research Articles

An Educational Gaze From the International Union of Soil Sciences

A lack of fertile soil is already a serious problem due to its role in access to sufficient food and water, but more serious are the social situations that its deficit engenders: loss of food safety and public health, poverty, displacement, inequality, violence, and injustice as a result of famine. The loss and degradation of the soil resource means the loss of all terrestrial flora, and with it, that of the fauna that it feeds. It also means a terrible loss of biodiversity at the planetary level, a serious destruction of the food chain of which we are a part, as well as the reduction of its capacities of available water reserve and C capture to lessen climate change in the long term and with immediate effects. In this context, the protection of the soil resource and an interdisciplinary and innovative education and practice of sciences to raise citizens’ awareness of the importance of its preservation—with all the sciences collaborating as a team in a mediatized world—are keys to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and therefore, are the long-term goals and prioritized objectives of the International Decade of Soils of the IUSS, and they form the basis of its educational project.

World Reference Base for Soil Resources—Its fourth edition and its history

AbstractThe fourth edition of the international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) was released in 2022. It maintains the 32 Reference Soil Groups at the first classification level. Most qualifiers (second level) and most diagnostic horizons, properties and materials were maintained but some were abolished and new ones introduced. The main part of the fourth edition is followed by six annexes, most of them are new. For the first time, the WRB has a Field Guide (Annex 1) to facilitate field survey and to assure that all field characteristics required in the classification are reported. The fourth edition also provides designations for horizons and layers (Annex 3), which was not the case in the second and the third edition. The wordings of the definitions were harmonized, and the same features are worded in the same way throughout the text (including the annexes). Ambiguities have been corrected and many definitions written in a more concise and a more didactical way. The WRB has a long history. Four editions have been published: 1998, 2006 (with update 2007), 2014 (with update 2015) and 2022. Editor is the Working Group WRB of the International Union of Soil Sciences. The WRB followed the Legend and the Revised Legend of the Soil Map of the World. This map was edited by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and UNESCO, and the system is known as the FAO Soil Classification System. In addition, WRB incorporated ideas from the former Working Group International Reference Base for Soil Classification that existed from 1982 to 1994.

3. History and structure of International Union of Soil Sciences

3. History and structure of International Union of Soil Sciences

A model of the productive capacity of soils of land cover in Al-Suwayr district using remote sensing technology and geographic information systems

In this research, there is an approach to estimating the quality of soils in an arid environment, as it has an arid and semi-arid climate in southern Iraq, which is Al-Suwayr district of Al-Muthanna Governorate. The technology in the detection of land cover based on the data of the US Geological Survey (earthexplorer.usgs.gov), for the Sentinel satellite and the multispectral satellite (Land sat-OLI TIRS C1) (see attached image 1(a,b,c). ) and working on an analysis of those visuals to monitor and detect land cover changes during several years (2000, 2015, 2021) in terms of changing the area of vegetation, water and urban cover, using the spatial analysis tools in the Spatial Analysis Tool and choosing the Map Algebra- Raster Calculator tool, and that To detect land cover indicators (vegetation index, water index, urban cover index), and soil types will be revealed through the International Union of Soil Sciences working group TSD 2006. Global reference base for soil resources 2 006 from the site (https://soilgrids.org/), see the attachment of the image (2) in order to reach the analysis of soil capacity and its classification in Al-Suwayr district according to the construction of the preferred land cover model according to the analysis of layers (NDWI, NDVI, NDBI), and then Overlay spatial matching and the study concluded that merging the layers of the appropriate land cover model with the layer of soil types and the type of sediment, it was possible to determine the classification of the productive capacity of soil in Al-Suwayr district.

International gender equity in soil science

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that diversity is a concern in soil science, including how this relates to gender equity. However, gender equity data for soil science are extremely limited, with only the USA having a current relatively extensive study published in the scientific literature. Therefore, this study was undertaken to gain a preliminary understanding of gender equity issues in a range of countries worldwide using the gender data of membership of national soil science societies, international conferences and journals. Data for 2020 membership was supplied by 44 soil science societies, providing a broad geographic representation. Thirty‐seven of the 44 societies had more male members than female. Only 32% of the soil science society members were women, although the highest percentage for an individual society was 69% female membership. Regionally, Asia had the lowest female membership at 22%, whereas Africa had the highest at 40%. Only 20% of the national soil science societies who are members of the International Union of Soil Sciences had female presidents, indicating that women are under‐represented in the top leadership roles in our professional societies. Women were under‐represented as keynote speakers at conferences and on many editorial boards. This initial scoping study demonstrates that there is an urgent global need to address gender equity within the soil science profession. However, gender equity extends beyond just the number of women in our profession: it also includes equal access to wages, leadership roles and decision making. We conclude that it is critical that individual countries undertake detailed studies of gender equity so we have a more complete picture of the national and international scale of this issue.Highlights There is still gender inequity in soil science Soil science is a male‐dominated field in most countries worldwide Gender equity is critical to advancing the discipline of soil science There is a need for comprehensive national studies of gender equity Equity includes many issues beyond just equality in numbers of men and women in the profession.

Report on the activities as the President of the International Union of Soil Sciences 2020 and beyond

Report on the activities as the President of the International Union of Soil Sciences 2020 and beyond

Inter-Congress Meeting of International Union of Soil Sciences in 2020: Toward the World Congress of Soil Science in Glasgow, United Kingdom, in 2022

Inter-Congress Meeting of International Union of Soil Sciences in 2020: Toward the World Congress of Soil Science in Glasgow, United Kingdom, in 2022

How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin

Summary Land-surface models are important tools for simulation of the past, present, and future capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, fluvial carbon (C) transfers are presently neglected in these models. Using the Amazon basin as a case study, we show that this negligence leads to significant underestimation of the net uptake of atmospheric C while terrestrial C storage changes are overestimated. These biases arise from the fact that C—in reality, leached from soils and exported through the river network—is instead represented as partly being respired and partly being stored in soils. Moreover, these biases scale mainly to the fluvial C export to the coast, despite aquatic CO2 emission to the atmosphere being the major pathway of riverine C exports. We further show that fluvial C transfers may change significantly in response to changes in either hydrology or in atmospheric C uptake by vegetation.

国際土壌科学連合（IUSS）の役割と取組みについて —会長としての抱負と活動報告—

国際土壌科学連合（IUSS）の役割と取組みについて —会長としての抱負と活動報告—

Digital soil mapping and GlobalSoilMap. Main advances and ways forward

In this concluding paper, we summarize the main advances coming forward from the joint conference of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) Working Groups (WG) “Digital Soil mapping” (DSM) and “GlobalSoilMap”. We outline the increased availability of data and covariates. Large efforts to rescue legacy data and to put them in a harmonized format are ongoing in many parts of the world. New countries are joining the GlobalSoilMap initiative. During the same time, significant progress have been made in the countries which were among the first to develop GlobalSoilMap products. We stress the recent trends in tools used for predictive mapping of soil properties. Some solutions were proposed to solve issues about data privacy. We give examples on how to move from DSM soil digital soil mapping assessment. Aligning our research with ongoing activities within the Global Soil Partnership of the FAO has been proven successful. A need was expressed to work on the uncertainty of indicators of prediction performances and to re-evaluate validation strategies. It is necessary to develop more intuitive metrics for uncertainty assessment for interpreting and evaluating soil maps. The main progresses, remaining issues and challenges and the way forward are summarized and we propose ambitious working plans and road-maps for the two WGs and stress their complementarities.

Editorial for pedometrics 2017 special issue

Editorial for pedometrics 2017 special issue

International activities of Prof. Kosaki in 2017 as the president elect of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS)

International activities of Prof. Kosaki in 2017 as the president elect of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS)

2016年IUSS中間会議報告—2018年世界土壌科学会議（リオデジャネイロ）へ向けて—

2016年IUSS中間会議報告—2018年世界土壌科学会議（リオデジャネイロ）へ向けて—

World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2016)

The World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences symposium (WMESS) 2016 was held in the Prague, Duo hotel from 5th to 9th September, 2016. After the great success of WMESS 2015, with more than 500 participants from more than 50 countries, symposium became popular for scientists of different topics, classical and contemporary research related to Geosciences. This volume of Journal IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science contains 175 articles collected in four sections. The World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences symposium created a unique opportunity for participants to share research and work experience in the fields of Earth Sciences, providing a forum for early career researchers, for presentation of their work and discussion of their ideas with experts in different fields such as; Tectonics & Structural Geology - Engineering Geology - Geotechnics - Hydro-Hydrogeological Sciences - Natural Hazards - Oil, Gas & Coal, - Geothermal Energy - Geomorphology - Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology - Stratigraphy, Sedimentology & Palaeontology - Geophysics & Seismology - Geodesy, Photogrammetry & Cartography - Informatics, Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing - Mining Engineering - Mineral Processing - Blasting & New Technologies - Natural Resources - Environmental Sciences - Energy, Resources & Pollution & the Environment - Environmental Legislation - Biogeosciences - Geological Heritage & Geoparks - Urban Planning - Atmospheric Sciences - Climatology - Glaciology - Modelling and Soft Computing Techniques in Earth Sciences.The main mission of the "World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium - WMESS" is to lead to contribution in multidisciplinary studies related with atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and pedosphere of the Earth and interaction of humans with them. As another mission, it provides a forum for this diverse range of studies which report the very latest results and document emerging understanding of the Earth's system and our place in it. This year, the Scientific Committee and Institutional Scientific Partners of WMESS were filled by paying close attention, and all members were selected from well-known, very much appreciated, productive and representative persons from different countries. We are deeply grateful to the members of the scientific committee and institutional scientific partners (International Association for Engineering Geology & the Environment - IAEG, International Union of Soil Sciences - IUSS, International Geographical Union - IGU, The International Association of Hydrogeologists - IAH, Geological Sciences of Italy - SGI, Czech Soil Science Society - CSSS, Arabian Geosciences Union - ArabGU, The Society of Economic Geology of Romania - SEGR, World Meteorological Organization - WMO, International Medical Geology Association - IMGA, Russian Mineralogical Society - RMS, University of Petrosani), Geological Society of Africa - GSAf of WMESS. We would also like to thank our main sponsors - LAMA Energy group, LAMA Gas & oil.The organizing committee appreciates enormous work of editorial board and reviewers in the preparation of this volume. This year volume was edited by Marian Drusa and co-editors Isik Yilmaz, Marian Marschalko, Anna Maria Ferrero, Ibolya Torok and Nazan Yalcin Erik. We would like to express our sincere thanks to all authors and presenters for their valuable research contributions. We wish you to enjoy the World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium – WMESS 2016 and a pleasant stay in the city of romance Prague. We hope to see you again during the next event WMESS 2017, which will be held in Prague (Czech Republic) during 11-15 September, 2017.

90 years IUSS and global soil science

Here, I briefly describe the history and activities of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) and its predecessor the International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) in relation to some global soil science developments. The IUSS was founded in 1924 by soil scientists interested in establishing standardized methods of soil analysis and soil classification. In the past 90 years, 20 World Congresses of Soil Science were held, and thousands of smaller conferences, meetings and workshops. The IUSS has 60,000 members who are organized into Divisions, Commissions and Working Groups that deal with all aspects of soil research. The IUSS is a global soil science organization and a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). The IUSS has initiated projects ranging from the Soil Map of the World to GlobalSoilMap that have sparked numerous global projects and activities. The soil science knowledge base has greatly expanded and research has become much more interdisciplinary and thematic. The increased specialization of soil science is a sign of vigor. The IUSS has a major task in the continued success and expansion of the soil science discipline.

Hooked on Soils: A Day in the Life of Ed Landa

Hooked on Soils: A Day in the Life of Ed Landa

Soil science and its interface with the history of geology community

Despite the historical origins of soil science as a geological science, scholarship in the history of soil science remains an outlier with respect to the presently structured history of geological sciences community. The history-oriented activities of the Soil Science Society of America, the European Geosciences Union, and the International Union of Soil Sciences show active efforts to document and extend knowledge of soil science history. An overview of pedology and its numerous links to geomorphology and other geological specialties is presented. Geologists were involved in early soil mapping, soil degradation studies, creation of soil classification systems, and development of the soil geomorphology subfield, each case demonstrating strong historical ties between geology and soil science. Areas of common interest between soil science and geology offer new opportunities for integration and cooperation in Earth science history going forward.

Report on Executive Committee of International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna, January 2015

Report on Executive Committee of International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna, January 2015

Hooked! Seductive Details in Soil Science

Hooked! Seductive Details in Soil Science

Endorsement of USDA Soil Taxonomy by the International Union of Soil Sciences

Endorsement of USDA Soil Taxonomy by the International Union of Soil Sciences