International Spinal Cord Society Research Articles

Effect of aerobic exercise program on neuropathic pain and quality of life in person with paraplegia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIndividuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) often suffer from neuropathic pain which is often disabling and negatively affects function, participation, and quality of life (QoL). Pharmacological treatments lack efficacy in neuropathic pain reduction hence studying alternatives to drug treatment is necessary. Preclinical evidence of various aerobic exercises has shown positive effects on neuropathic pain but scientific studies investigating its effect in the SCI human population are limited.MethodologyThis study is a double-blind, parallel, two-group, randomized controlled trial with an interventional study design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise program on neuropathic pain and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with chronic paraplegia. Thirty individuals with chronic paraplegia with the neurological level of injury from T2 to L2 will be recruited from the rehabilitation department at a super specialty hospital based on the inclusion criteria. Using a 1:1 allocation ratio, the participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The intervention group will perform high-intensity interval training (HIIT) aerobic exercise using an arm ergometer based on their peak heart rate, and the control group will perform free-hand arm aerobic exercise. In both groups, the intervention will be delivered as 30-min sessions, four times a week for 6 weeks.Outcome measuresInternational Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set Version 3.0 will be used for diagnosing and assessing neuropathic pain and its interference with day-to-day activities, mood, and sleep. The International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) QoL basic data set will be used to assess QoL, and 6-min push test distance will be used to assess peak heart rate and aerobic capacity.DiscussionThe effectiveness of the aerobic exercise program will be assessed based on the changes in neuropathic pain score and its interference with day-to-day activities, mood, sleep, QoL, and aerobic capacity after 3 weeks mid-intervention and after 6 weeks post-intervention. The trial will provide new knowledge about the effectiveness of the aerobic exercise program in improving neuropathic pain and QoL in individuals with chronic paraplegia.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2023/08/056257. Registered on 8 August 2023.

Spinal cord injury etiology, severity, and care in East Asia: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Spinal Cord Society Database Project.

Cross-sectional study. To evaluate etiologic factors associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) severity and to identify predictive factors of reduction in SCI severity in six countries. SCI centers in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Data from centers collected between October 2015 and February 2021 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Among 2634 individuals, the leading cause of SCIs was falls (n = 1410, 54%); most occurred from ≥1 meter (n = 1078). Most single-level neurological injuries occurred in the thoracic region (n = 977, 39%). Greater than half of SCIs (n = 1423, 54%) were graded American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A. Thoracic SCIs accounted for 53% (n = 757) of all one-level AIS A SCIs. The percentage of thoracic SCIs graded AIS A (78%) was significantly higher than high cervical (52%), low cervical (48%), lumbar (24%), and sacral (31%) SCIs (p < 0.001). Regression analyses isolated predictive factors both of SCI severity and inpatient improvement. Four factors predicted severity: age, neurological level, etiology, and country of residence. Four factors predicted improvement: age, neurological level, AIS grade on intake, and country of residence. Findings can be used by healthcare providers and public health agencies in these countries to inform the public of the risk of SCI due to falls. Future studies should examine the social and occupational milieux of falls. Country-to-country comparisons of prehospital and inpatient care are also justified. Fall prevention policies can encourage the use of safety equipment when performing tasks at heights ≥1 meter.

The international spinal cord injury pain basic data set (version 3.0).

Expert opinion, feedback, revisions, and final consensus. To update the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set (ISCIPBDS version 2.0) and incorporate suggestions from the SCI pain clinical and research community with respect to overall utility. International. The ISCIPBDS working group evaluated these suggestions and made modifications. The revised ISCIPBDS (Version 3.0) was then reviewed by members of the International SCI Data Sets Committee, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Board, the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) Executive and Scientific Committees, individual reviewers and societies, and posted on the ASIA and ISCoS websites for 1 month to elicit comments before final approval by ASIA and ISCoS. The ISCIPBDS (Version 3.0) was updated to make the dataset more flexible and useful: 1. The assessment can be based on the patient's perception of several of his/her "worst" pain(s) or based on the International SCI Pain (ISCIP) Classification-defined or other pain types, depending on the specific research questions or clinical needs. 2. Pain interference should usually be rated for overall pain but may also be used for specific pain problems if needed. 3. An optional pain drawing was added to complement the check box documentation of pain location. 4. Data categories consistent with the Extended Pain Dataset list of current treatments were added. 5. Several new training cases were added.

International spinal cord injury socio-demographic basic data set (version 1.0).

Consensus based on the literature. Create an International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Socio-Demographic Basic Data Set (Version 1.0). International. The development included an iterative process where the authors reviewed existing variables containing socio-demographic variables and created a first dataset draft, which was followed by several revisions through email communications. In addition, the work was conducted in parallel with a similar endeavour within the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke SCI Common Data Elements project in the United States. Subsequently, harmonization between the two projects was sought. Following this, a review process was initiated, including The International SCI Data Sets Committee, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Board, and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) Scientific and Executive Committees, and then by publishing on the respective websites for membership feedback. The draft was sent to about 40 national and international organizations and several interested individuals for feedback. All review comments were discussed in the working group and responded to before the final draft was developed, and finally approved by ASIA Board and the ISCoS Scientific and Executive committees. The final International SCI Socio-Demographic Basic Data Set includes the following variables: Date of data collection, Marital status, Household member count, Years of formal education, and Primary occupation. The International SCI Socio-Demographic Basic Data Set will facilitate uniform data collection and reporting of socio-demographic information at the time of injury as well as at post-injury follow-ups to facilitate the evaluation and comparisons across studies.

The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Classification Accuracy and Challenges.

Successful utilization of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) requires a comprehensive understanding of its rules, terminology, and several complex concepts. There have been no studies investigating classification accuracy since the newest ISNCSCI revision (2019). To evaluate classification accuracy of SCI professionals using the 2019 ISNCSCI edition, identify common mistakes and areas of confusion, and assess associations between experience in ISNCSCI classification and performance. Members of the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and attendees of the ISCoS Annual Scientific Meeting 2021 were invited to complete an online survey that included six ISNCSCI cases to classify. A total of 107 persons completed the survey, with overall classification accuracy of 74.6%. Accuracy was highest for injury completeness (95.3%) and sensory level (91.1%) and lowest for motor zone of partial preservation (ZPP; 54.7%) and ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grade (57.3%). Newer concepts, including the appropriate documentation of non-SCI conditions and classification of ZPP in incomplete injuries, contributed to several common errors. There was a significant association between overall classification accuracy and self-rated experience in the ISNCSCI classification (p = .017). Experience with the ISNCSCI examination, experience in SCI medicine, and occupation were not found to be significantly associated with overall classification accuracy. Classification accuracy of an international cohort of SCI professionals was modest but greater than previous reports. Knowledge deficits about the 2019 ISNCSCI updates are prevalent and contribute to common classification errors. Further training in the utilization of the ISNCSCI is needed.

Translation and validation into Portuguese of the international spinal cord injury pulmonary function basic data set.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disabling syndrome, and the clinical picture depends on the level and extent of the injury. The International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and the American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) have developed instruments (Data Sets) to assess the various aspects of the SCI. In 2012, the International SCI Pulmonary Function Basic Data Set was elaborated. It is composed of four questions and spirometry for the collection of lung function basic data. The objective was to translate and validate the International SCI Pulmonary Function Basic Data Set to the Portuguese language. The entire methodology followed the recommendations of the ISCoS and ASIA. Two translations of the original version into Portuguese were performed, and after consensus among the translators, the Portuguese version was sent for back-translation. After back-translation and comparison with the original version, the final Portuguese version was obtained. For the second phase of the study, 30 SCI individuals were selected. Two interviewers applied the questionnaire in two distinct moments. All results presented constant, excellent, or perfectly concordant data, except for the third question in the inter-rater comparison, where the Kappa coefficient showed value reasonable in the first interview and good in the second. The translation into Brazilian Portuguese of the "International SCI Pulmonary Function Basic Data Set" created a valid and highly reliable instrument, like the original without linguistic and cultural disagreements that allow its use in the evaluation of patients with SCI in Brazil.

International Spinal Cord Injury Data Sets in clinical practice and research

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To give an update on the International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Data Sets. <h3>Design</h3> International consensus. <h3>Setting</h3> The International SCI Data Sets Committee approved by the International Spinal Cord Society and the American Spinal Injury Association. <h3>Participants</h3> Individuals with spinal cord injury of traumatic and non-traumatic etiology. <h3>Interventions</h3> Utilization of the International SCI Data Sets. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Application of the International SCI Data Sets in registries, electronic medical records, daily clinical practice, and research. <h3>Results</h3> Since the first version of the International SCI Core Data Set was published in 2006, 23 International SCI Basic Data Sets, and 6 International SCI Extended Data Sets are developed: https://www.iscos.org.uk/international-sci-data-sets. The Data Sets are developed and used by nurses, physio- and occupational therapists, psychologists, doctors, and researchers depending on the content. 24 of the Data Sets are included in the National Institute of Health (NIH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Common Data Elements (CDE): https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/Spinal%20Cord%20Injury. Electronic Medical Records like Epic and Cerner have implemented several of the Data Sets. Likewise, International SCI Data Sets or elements from them are used in SCI-registries worldwide, e.g. US National SCI Model Systems Database, Rick Hansen SCI Registry in Canada, Austrian SCI Study – Registry, Nordic SCI Registry, Registry for all SCI centers in the Netherlands, prevention registry covering India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Thailand, Iranian SCI Registry, Australia and more. Translations exist in Chinese, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, 5 Nordic languages, Persian, Korean, Hindi, etc. of one or more International SCI Data Sets, and several validity and reliability studies were performed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Because the International SCI Data Sets are continuously updated and developed according to current evidence using an open and transparent process, where all interested parties are encouraged to participate these standardized and easy to use Data Sets have gained wide international acceptance in clinical practice and research. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No Financial Or Non-Financial Interests To Disclose.

Development and validation of a simplified thoracolumbar spine fracture classification system.

Development and validation of fracture classification system. To develop and validate a Simplified Classification System (SCS) for Thoraco-Lumbar (TL) fractures (SCS - TL fractures). Tertiary Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India METHODS: Based on the International Spinal Cord Society Spine Trauma Study Group (ISCoS STSG, n = 23) experts' clinical consensus conducted by the senior author and on his own experience, the Denis classification for TL fractures was modified to develop a SCS-TL fractures that could guide the management. After Face and Content validation, Construct validation was done in two stages. First stage analyzed if management of 30 cases of TL fractures, as suggested by the SCS - TL fractures and ISCoS STSG (n = 9) as well as other (n = 5) experts, matched. Second stage was a one year prospective study analyzing if the management suggested matched the management actually carried out by different spine surgeons (n = 10) working at a single institution. In the first stage there was 100% agreement for management (conservative or surgical) as proposed by experts and that suggested by the proposed classification for TL fractures whereas for surgical approach there was 88% agreement. In the second stage, there was 100% agreement for the management as well as surgical approach as carried out at our centre and that proposed by the SCS for TL fractures. The proposed SCS-TL fractures helps in classifying and in decision making for management of TL fractures. The next phase of validation would involve multicentric reliability studies and prospective application of the SCS- TL fractures.

Classification challenges of the 2019 revised International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)

Study designRetrospective review of ISNCSCI datasets.ObjectivesTo discuss the correct classification of ISNCSCI datasets considered as challenging.SettingInternational expert collaboration.MethodsThe International Standards Committee of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) receives challenging case scenarios regarding the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Among those cases received, sample cases representing different categories of typical classification difficulties were identified by members of the International Standards committee.ResultsFrom the cases received, five sample cases were identified as representative for publication. These cases are related to the correct classification in the presence of non-SCI related conditions, the determination of motor zones of partial preservation in regions with no myotomes to test, the classification of the ASIA Impairment Scale in patients with substantial motor function below the motor level but no sacral sparing, the inclusion of non-key muscle functions in the classification of sensory incomplete individuals, and the correct classification of individuals with an amputation.ConclusionPresenting cases with challenging classifications, along with responses and explanations, will serve spinal cord injury professionals to better understand and utilize the ISNCSCI classification. As the ISNCSCI endorsed by ASIA and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) evolves over time, such resources are important to clarify inquiries from the spinal cord injury community and to understand the rationale for revisions.

A one-year prospective study on the occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injury and clinical complications during hospitalisation in North-East Tanzania.

Clinical complications following spinal cord injury are a big concern as they account for increased cost of rehabilitation, poor outcomes and mortality. To describe the occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injury and associated clinical complications during hospitalisation in North-East Tanzania. Prospective data were collected from all persons with traumatic spinal cord injury from North-East Tanzania from their admission to discharge from the hospital. Neurological progress and complications were assessed routinely. Data were captured using a form that incorporated the components of the core data set of the International Spinal Cord Society and were analysed descriptively. A total of 87 persons with traumatic spinal cord injury were admitted at the hospital with a mean age of 40.2 ± 15.8 years. There were 69 (79.3%) males, and 58 (66.6%) of the injuries resulted from falls. Spasms (41 patients, 47.1%), neuropathic pain (40 patients, 46%), and constipation (35 patients, 40.2%) were the most commonly reported complications. The annual incidence rate in the Kilimanjaro region was at least 38 cases per million. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in the Kilimanjaro region is relatively high. In-hospital complications are prevalent and are worth addressing for successful rehabilitation.

Omurilik Yaralanmalarında Kullanılan Sınıflamalar

Creating a common language allows information to be shared well/wholesome/healthily. Classifications have a important role in the formation of this language, which provides many benefits such as follow-up of the clinical course. Classifications in spinal cord injuries are based on examination, so the results of different treatments can be revealed more clearly with a standardized examination and registration. The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) which is the most sensitive and common classification was developed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), although its foundations were laid in 1969 by Frankel. Apart from neurological evaluation, there are scales such as Functional Independence Scale, Modified Barthel Index, Spinal Cord Independence Scale, Quadriplegia Functional Index, Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury, Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Inventory to determine the functional status in spinal cord injuries. Additionally scales such as Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury Basic Pain Data Set, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, DN4 (DouleurNeuropathique DN4) can be used for pain assessment in a patient with spinal cord injury.

Qualidade de vida e lesão medular traumática: um estudo com uso de data sets internacionais

Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas com lesão medular traumática (LMT) e sua associação com o tempo de LMT. Estudo quantitativo, analítico e transversal. Os dados foram coletados com dois instrumentos validados (questionário biosociodemográfico e Data Set de QV da International Spinal Cord Society). Amostra com 81 participantes, 81,5% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 36±11,9 anos. A satisfação com a saúde psicológica apresentou maior escore (7,2), apesar disso, 86,4% estavam insatisfeitos ou completamente insatisfeitos com a QV geral. Não houve diferença quando comparado o nível da LMT com satisfação com a vida como um todo (p=0,237). A QV geral foi associada ao tempo de LMT (p=0,005), sugerindo que após cinco anos da LMT, as pessoas tendem a ficar mais satisfeitas com suas vidas. Este estudo mostrou que a maioria dos participantes com LMT apresentam-se insatisfeitos com a qualidade de vida.

International Spinal Cord Injury Physical Therapy-Occupational Therapy Basic Data Set (Version 1.2).

Expert workgroup consensus, focused literature review, and vetting via feedback from international presentations and spinal cord professional membership groups. Develop and refine a basic dataset to enable standardized documentation of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) interventions delivered in a controlled clinical trial intended to improve voluntary motor function. International Expert Working Group. An international working group with expertise in spinal cord injury, PT, OT, and measurement developed a draft of the International Spinal Cord Injury (ISCI) Physical Therapy-Occupational Therapy (PT-OT) Basic Data Set (BDS). Emphasis was placed on efficiency and practicality of use. The BDS was iteratively refined based on applicable literature, and feedback collected from presentations at the 2017 and 2019 International Spinal Cord Society meetings. The ISCI PT-OT BDS contains seven broad categories of interventions: bed/seated mobility, standing activities, walking/stairs, gross motor upper extremity, fine motor upper extremity, strength training, and endurance training. The first five categories are classified as activity-directed and the last two as impairment-directed interventions. Time spent on interventions per category is recorded in 15-min intervals. The ISCI PT-OT BDS enables standardized documentation of PT-OT activity-directed or impairment-directed interventions. The ISCI PT-OT BDS is a documentation tool to facilitate evaluation of the influence of rehabilitation therapies on motor function in clinical trials of biologic or pharmacologic agents or rehabilitation technologies that are delivered in the clinical setting.

Causes of, and countermeasures to, increased ventilatory drive in tetraplegia.

Causes of, and countermeasures to, increased ventilatory drive in tetraplegia.

The International Spinal Cord Injury Pediatric Activity and Participation Basic Data Set.

International focus groups. The objective of this project was to develop the International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Pediatric Activity and Participation (A&P) Basic Data Set. A focus group of experts in pediatric and adult SCI, and contributors of the existing adult International SCI Adult A&P Basic Data Set convened to develop an initial draft of the data set, which was iteratively refined over a 12 month period based on relevant literature and existing outcome measures that evaluate pediatric activity and participation. The draft was reviewed and approved by the larger project working group and then distributed to the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), and relevant expert groups for review. Feedback received was considered before the final data set was approved. The International SCI Pediatric A&P Basic Data Set is comprised of 13 variables: administration date, mobility, dressing, feeding, toileting, communication, family outings, spending time with friends, being out with friends, participating in team or club activity, paid work, dating, and physical activity. It is intended for children between 6 and 17 years of age, who have been discharged from initial rehabilitation/hospitalization for a minimum of 3 months. The International SCI Pediatric A&P Basic Data Set was developed to standardize the recording of a minimal amount of information about activities and participation in children with SCI. Further work on reliability and cultural validation is needed. This study was funded by the Rick Hansen Institute, Research Award #G2015-27 (Mulcahey, PI).

Development of the International Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction Education Basic Data Set.

Consensus among international experts. The objective of this project was to develop the International Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction (SCI/D) Education Basic Data Set. International expert working group. The published guidelines for developing the International SCI Basic Data Sets were used to develop the International SCI/D Education Basic Data Set. Existing measures and literature on education and disability were reviewed to develop a preliminary draft of the basic education data set through iterative modifications via biweekly conference calls and email communication. The draft was disseminated to the larger International Workgroup for Development of Pediatric SCI/D Basic Data Sets and then to the members of the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), and relevant expert groups and interested individuals for comments. All feedback received was taken into consideration before the final data set was approved by ISCoS and ASIA. The finalized version of the International SCI/D Education Basic Data Set Version 1.0 contains 16 items divided into three domains: school setting/therapeutic services, school participation/academic success, and barriers/attitudes. Most of the variables have been adapted from established measures. This data set is intended for children and youth up to and including high school, but not for emerging adults in higher education or postsecondary vocational training or trade schools. The International SCI/D Education Basic Data Set has been developed for collection of a minimal amount of highly relevant information on the education experience in children and youth with SCI/D. Further validation work is needed. This project was funded by the Rick Hansen Institute, Research Award #G2015-27 (Mulcahey, PI).

The Overlooked Outcome Measure for Spinal Cord Injury: Use of Assistive Devices.

Although several outcome measures are used to assess various areas of interest regarding spinal cord injuries (SCIs), little is known about the frequency of their use, and the ways in which they transform shared knowledge into implemented practices. Herein, 800 professionals from the International Spinal Cord Society, especially trained for caring in patients with SCI, were invited to respond to an Internet survey collecting information on the use of standardized measures in daily clinical practices. We asked both clinicians and researchers with different areas of interest about their use of functional outcome measures, and, in particular, which scales they habitually use to assess various aspects of clinical practice and rehabilitation. We selected a set of rating scales, which were validated for measuring SCIs (http://www.scireproject.com/outcome-measures). The results show that the areas of interest assessed by most of the participants were neurological status, upper limb, lower limb gait, pain, spasticity, self-care, and daily living. The most widely used rating scales were the spinal cord independence measure, the functional independence measure and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Instead, the majority of respondents did not evaluate the use of assistive technology. Despite the availability of several outcome scales, the practice of evaluating SCIs with standardized measures for assistive technologies and wheelchair mobility is still not widespread, even though it is a high priority in the rehabilitation of SCI patients. The results emphasize the need for a more thorough knowledge and use of outcome scales, thus improving the quality of assistive device evaluation.

Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Norway in 2012-2016: a registry-based cross-sectional study.

A registry-based cross-sectional study. To analyse the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in Norway. TSCI patients admitted for primary rehabilitation to one of the three specialised spinal cord injury (SCI) departments (located in Bergen, Trondheim, and Oslo) and consented to the Norwegian Spinal Cord Injury Registry (NorSCIR). Analysis of data from NorSCIR during a 5-year period (2012-2016) was performed. Data were collected by using the International SCI Core Data Set as recommended by the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS). The lowest incidence of TSCI was 11.4/million (2012), and the highest incidence was 15.9/million (2014). In the study period, 349 individuals were registered with TSCI. In total, 76% were male, and the mean age was 47 (SD ± 19) years. We observed dominance in the 60-74 years age group. The distribution between tetraplegia and paraplegia was 48%/42%. For those initially classified as American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A (complete injury), 77% remained grade A at discharge. Considerable changes during primary rehabilitation after incomplete lesions were observed. Most patients (68%) were discharged home after primary rehabilitation. Falls were the main cause of TSCI (47%) and occurred more often during the weekend. Through a National Medical Quality Registry based on internationally provided data sets, we are able to present systematic and updated data from Norway.

Non-traumatic spinal cord injury in Norway 2012-2016: analysis from a national registry and comparison with traumatic spinal cord injury.

Registry-based cross-sectional study. To describe and analyze epidemiological and demographic characteristics of non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) and to compare persons with NTSCI and traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). A total of 225 non-traumatic and 349 traumatic SCI patients were admitted for primary rehabilitation at one of the three specialized SCI departments in Norway (located in Bergen, Trondheim, and Oslo) from 2012 to 2016. Patients who consented to registration in the Norwegian Spinal Cord Injury Registry (NorSCIR) were included. Data were collected using the International SCI Core Data Set, as recommended by the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS). Demographics and injury characteristics were analyzed descriptively. The NTSCI and TSCI groups were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. The mean age of the NTSCI patients was 55 years, and 59% were male. The incidence of NTSCI was 7.7-10.4 per million person-years, which is lower than the incidence of TSCI. NTSCI individuals were older, less severely injured, and their length of stay at the hospital was shorter than the TSCI individuals. The results may be influenced by the inclusion criterion in the registry. This makes the analyzed sample for NTSCI less complete. However, the majority of patients with nonprogressive NTSCI are included in the NorSCIR. For the first time, we are able to provide the national epidemiological status on NTSCI based on available data from the national registry. Further studies are required to improve the capture of NTSCI for future incidence studies.

International spinal cord injury urodynamic basic data set (version 2.0).

Revision, review, and presentation of the International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Urodynamic Basic Data Set (version 2.0). Describe the revision and review and present the dataset. International. The first version of the dataset was revised according to new knowledge and suggestions. The review included International SCI Data Sets Committee, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) board, International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) executive and scientific committees, major organizations, and interested individuals. The dataset was also on ASIA and ISCoS websites. All replies were answered and appropriate adjustments made. Finally, the dataset was endorsed by ASIA board, and ISCoS executive and scientific committees. Among revisions are adoptions of new terminology by the International Continence Society. The variable "Detrusor function" has been divided into "Detrusor function during filling cystometry" and "Detrusor function during voiding". The response categories have been adjusted, deleting 'Not applicable' for the variables "Detrusor leak point pressure during filling cystometry", "Cystometric bladder capacity during filling cystometry" and "Urethral function during voiding". The cutoff-value for low bladder compliance has been modified from 10 mL/cm H2O to 20 mL/cm H2O. The International SCI Urodynamic Basic Data Set (version 2.0) with its complete syllabus is available from http://www.iscos.org.uk/international-sci-data-sets.