International Service Providers Research Articles

Legal Protection for Consumers and Organizers in Organizing Non-Bank International Money Transfers (Cross Border Remittance)

This research investigates the regulatory and supervisory system for non-bank international remittance service providers within the applicable legal framework. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this research explores legal protection mechanisms for consumers and the role of government institutions in ensuring compliance and protection of consumer interests and market stability. Data was collected through analysis of regulatory documents, literature, and interviews with experts in the financial industry. The research findings highlight challenges in implementing regulations, a lack of consumer awareness, and the need for technological innovation to strengthen monitoring and reporting of financial transactions. Recommendations include strengthening international cooperation, consumer education, strengthening compliance and law enforcement, technological innovation, and collaboration with industry

EXAMINE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FIRM PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL TRAVEL COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA

Malaysia's travel sector is experiencing rapid growth after the COVID-19 pandemic and both domestic and international service providers are significant competitors in the current thriving market. This study investigates the elements that influence the firm performance of Malaysian local travel service providers. This study emphasizes impact of innovation, technology adoption, and core competency to the firm performance. Despite the considerable volume of scholarly research addressing this subject, the distinct and cumulative effects of technology, innovation, and core competency have not been sufficiently explored within the context of Malaysia. To fill this gap, this study rigorously explored technology adoption, innovation, and core competence, and how those factors influence to firm performance. This research applied a quantitative method, with data gathered via an online self-administrative survey. Survey questions were sent to 915 travel companies, and 219 responded. It was found that independent variables, innovation, technology adoption, and core competence have a positive effect on the performance of local travel enterprises. These critical success elements propel local travel companies to the top of the market, where they compete with other top international travel companies in providing online or offline services to customers. Thus, Local travel companies must set up the culture to generate innovative ideas, acquire latest technology, and continue training and upskilling program to achieve desire organization performance. The findings of this study will contribute to the Malaysian travel businesses, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in the tourist industry.

Sociocultural adjustment and social support as predictors for international medical sciences students’ anxiety during COVID-19

BackgroundThe prevalence of anxiety is high among international medical sciences students and it increased even more during the COVID-19 pandemic due to different restrictions and social isolation. Successful sociocultural adjustment and social support could be important factors in overcoming those challenges, however, there is a lack of studies which would investigate the role of those factors among inter- national medical students. This study aimed to assess the role of sociocultural adjustment and social support as predictors for international medical students’ anxiety during COVID-19.MethodsTwo measurements were conducted via self-reported questionnaires which consisted of three scales - SCAS, MSPSS and GAD-7. In total, 82 international medical students participated in both measurements in this longitudinal study.ResultsThe findings indicated that 37% of international students had symptoms of moderate or severe anxiety during their first year of studies at university. In the second year, during the COVID-19 pandemic and an official lockdown, 35% of international students had symptoms of moderate or severe anxiety. In addition, this study showed that gender and sociocultural adjustment did not play a role as predictors of students’ anxiety during the second year of studies. However, this study revealed that social support provided by family during the first year of studies, as well as having friends or family members who had been ill with COVID-19 predicted higher levels of anxiety at second measurement, while sociocultural adjustment was an even stronger predictor of anxiety in the second year of studies of international medical students.ConclusionsThis knowledge can help to better understand how international medical students felt during the COVID-19 pandemic and what role the above- mentioned factors played in the students’ anxiety. As the anxiety level is quite high among international medical students, universities and mental health service providers should take it into consideration and help them to overcome those challenges.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Dengan Metode Economic Value Added (EVA) Dan Financial Value Added (FVA) Pada PT. Indosat Tbk

PT Indonesian Satellite Corporation Tbk is an international telecommunication service provider in Indonesia. PT Indosat as a company that has provided and serves a very strong and storied development. Together become the largest telecommunication andmultimedia company in Indonesia for cellular services (Satelindo, IM3, StarOne). Each company has a financial statement in each period, if you want to assess whether the company is healthy or can not be seen from the company's financial performance in each period. One of them can use the method of Economic Value Added (EVA) and Financial Value Added (FVA). The purpose of this study to determine the effect of the company's performance on Indosat, using EVA and FVA method, in order to determine whether or not the added value of the company PT. Indosat Tbk. The method used in this research is Descriptive with methods that can be analyzed financial data at PT Indosat company from 2012-2016. The results of this study indicate that the added value of PT. Indosat Tbk in 2012 and 2016 and there is no added value in 2013-2015 using EVA analysis method. Then the analysis using the FVA method of value added in 2012-2016 which means showing the value added financial for the company or net profit of the company and depreciation able to cover equivalent depreciation.
 
 Keyword : Financial Performance, EVA, FVA

Decision-Making of Transnational Supply Chain Considering Tariff and Third-Party Logistics Service

Countries’ economic policies, such as tariff barriers, have a profound impact on the global economy and international trade. The imposition of tariffs seriously disturbs the global trade and supply chain operations. This paper studies a supply chain composed of an overseas manufacturer, a domestic supplier and a third-party integrated international logistics service provider. A three-level decentralized leader-follower decision-making model and its variant--leader-follower alliance decision-making models are established, and the influences of revenue sharing and cost sharing on the three-level decentralized decision-making are analyzed. The results show that it is difficult for the supply chain to achieve coordination when the transportation and insurance costs are considered in the tariff cost. The increase of tariff rates will reduce the profits of all parties and the overall profit of the supply chain, and weaken the dominant position of the supplier in the supply chain. Revenue sharing can improve the supply chain performance; the performance of the whole supply chain cannot be improved or may even deteriorate by sharing the transportation cost alone. The study can provide practitioners with implications for how to carry effective cooperation and coordination in the supply chain and how to effectively reduce the influence of tariffs in the global trade system.

Two Decades and More: Evolution of Netflix’s Business Models and Outlook of Future

This paper aims to study the growth of Netflix as one of the most successful multinational corporations in the entertainment industry. SWOT analysis is used as the theoretic frame to analyze the different combinations of strategies that Netflix has taken under various circumstances. Based on the focus shift, this paper divides Netflix’s history into three periods: freshly established as a movie rental business, domestic (United States) streaming services provider, and international streaming content creator and service provider. SWOT analysis is then used to examine the strength and weaknesses of Netflix and the opportunities and threats it faces in different periods, providing an overview of its circumstances. Comparing the different combinations of strategies that Netflix has taken at different growing stages, this paper has found out that Netflix has always emphasized its strength such that its strategies are mostly strength-radiated. Even though its strength is constantly changing from time to time due to the intense competition present in the markets, the strength-based approach has allowed it to explore opportunities or overcome threats. During the global expansion period, Netflix has also raised its attention on improving its weakness, potentially due to the stronger competitors in the international streaming market. Nowadays, Netflix has become the leading company in the global streaming industry, evident by its continuously greatest market share in recent years. However, as the whole ecosystem grows, Netflix must make sure it can grab the potential opportunities of faster broadband speed and upgraded accessories, especially in this era, where the boundary of different types of entertainment remains unclear, giving rise to even more powerful potential competitors, such as Tiktok, for people’s limited leisure time.

LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF GEORGIA AND COVID 19

. In recent years, logistics have gained great importance both locally and internationally. The status of a "transit country" has long been an important precondition for the development of the economy and international relations of Georgia. With the growth of the economy, Georgia's function as a trans-Caucasian corridor has expanded. This is the shortest route connecting East Asia with the Europe. Significant railway, motorway and pipeline transport passes through the territory of Georgia – by means of which, it is possible to cheaply and efficiently transport goods from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea and vice versa. As a result of economic and infrastructural reforms carried out in recent years, the transport and logistics sector in Georgia has developed significantly, but not sufficiently yet. As a result of infrastructure modernization, simplification of customs procedures and liberalization of services in key sectors of the economy, the country's transit and logistics potential has been increased, providing better international connections with global markets. Georgia is currently modernizing and expanding its transport infrastructure, which includes a growing national expressway system, new rail routes, international airports and expanded seaports / terminals. At the same time, legislative approximation with the EU continues in the field of transport, which is a priority issue in the process of Georgia's European integration. The development of the country's infrastructure, transport, logistics, communications, energy, technology, education and financial hubs is important for realizing the potential. Donors are providing their assistance in achieving Georgia's logistics goals. With their help, the National Logistics Strategy of Georgia for 2021-2030 was prepared, which states that the logistics sector of Georgia is in the process of transformation. An important indicator of the state of the logistics sector in Georgia is the World Bank Logistics Index (LPI), where Georgia is not in the most favorable place (119th place among 160 countries). The Logistics Index reflects the vision of international service providers and business operators on how countries integrate into the global logistics network through their major trade gateways. Therefore, it reflects not only the changes throughout the country, but also problems associated with the access overseas. It should be noted that over the past decade Georgia has invested heavily in the development of road infrastructure, but logistics and intermodal infrastructure continues to be developed, resulting in low efficiency of maintenance of logistics system, relatively its high cost and less reliability of the logistics system, which negatively affects international transportation. COVID-19 has affected not only on the healthcare system, but also on global critical infrastructure, including transport and logistics. The start of pandemic highlighted a critical importance of transport and logistics systems, both on international and local level, which previously had not gained much attention. Despite the success achieved, number of problems has remained for transformation of Georgia into a regional transit and logistics hub. Efforts to improve transport infrastructure and services should continue until existing constraints are completely removed. Poor service quality, outdated logistics infrastructure and equipment, ineffective supply chain management, as well as disorganization of personnel and their poor qualification are not a complete list of problems. An effective and consistent policy for the development of transport and logistics will make Georgia more attractive for investment and improve the country's economic potential.

THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO THE INTERNET AS FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT GIVEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY

Purpose – This article examines the pressing problem of ensuring the right to Internet access as a basic human right that is fundamental for the formation and the development of the modern information society. The purpose of the study is to promote the idea of adhering to such right, clarifying conceptual approaches, to understand its content as reflected in the decisions of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the European Court of Human Rights, as well as determining both the place and the role of this right in the European mechanism for the provision of human rights at the current stage of the information society. Methodology/Approach/Design – In order to reach a comprehensive understanding of the human right to Internet access and to reduce the level of digital inequality both in the European countries and globally, several authors have given their suggestions, which are considered appropriate for their implementation by international organizations, governments, telecommunication companies, and Internet service providers. Findings – By propelling this analysis, the authors advocate the need to recognize the right to Internet access as one of the inalienable human rights that are necessary for decent living and development in the information society. Special attention is given to the fact that the right to Internet access, due to its unique kind allows individuals to exercise other rights, namely the right to information, the right to freedom of opinion and the dissemination thereof, the right to freedom of assembly and association, the right to education, among others. This imposes positive obligations on states to ensure the human right to Internet access and to create a safe and favorable Internet environment for all.

Examining the drivers of competitive advantage of the international logistics industry

ABSTRACT Enhancing the competitive advantage of the international logistics industry is vital for a country. While most literature addresses the competitive advantage of individual organisations from the resource-based view, relatively few studies assess various governmental influences on providing a competitive advantage to the logistics industry. Drawing on the institutional theory and resource-based view, this study empirically identifies the critical drivers that affect competitive advantage in the international logistics industry. From the initial findings and a review of the relevant literature, this study identifies infrastructure, technology, integration, and regulation as the main drivers. Empirical data were collected from 149 international logistics firms or service providers in Taiwan. The study results show that the logistics industry in Taiwan is satisfied with technology and infrastructure. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), this study finds that regulation and integration have a positive impact on the competitive advantage of the international logistics industry, whereas technology has a positive impact on integration. In addition, based on the results of bootstrapping analysis, integration has a mediating effect on the relationship between technology and competitive advantage of the international logistics industry. Theoretical, managerial, and policy implications are discussed to reinforce the competitive advantage of the international logistics industry.

On the problem of control over the primary grinding mill ball charging

Considering the fact that the costs related to grinding balls and electric power account for a significant share of operational costs incurred by concentrator plants, this paper highlights the relevance of using an optimized ball charge. The paper considers a conventional approach to ball charging, which involves doing calculations on the basis of a given throughput. The latter serves as a parameter for the specific ball consumption rate approval procedure. At the same time, no consideration is given for the ball wear rate as a parameter defining the grinding performance. It is noted that the ball charge dynamics can be analyzed based on the noise produced by the mill, or the vibroacoustic parameters of the mill. The paper examines some vibro-acoustic ball charge analysis techniques utilized by both domestic and international service providers. It is noted that in all these cases the technique uses just one physical parameter, which is not enough to monitor the total mill load. The VAZM-1M analyzer developed by Soyuztsvetmetavtomatika JSC analyzes and calculates an integral amplitude of the mill vibro-acoustic field. This ensures that all components of the grinding process are taken into account. The paper takes a detailed view of the findings obtained upon analysis of the primary grinding mill ball charge. The work was carried out at the Erdenet concentrator plant as part of contractual scope. A number of different ball charge options was considered, and is it noted that none of the options can resolve this problem completely. The authors describe a possibility to monitor the mill process load with the help of the VAZM-1M analyzer. The authors also analyzed the experiments that aimed at identifying the grinding parameters governed by the mill ball charge. It is shown that the VAZM-1M analyzer gives adequate readings of any ball charge deviations. The mill spectrum registered by the VAZM-1M analyzer contains a resonance peak, which is believed to correlate as a small mill ball charge spectrum. In this regard, a plan of further research was drafted that relies on the use of the VAZM-1M analyzer. The aim is to identify an exact frequency band that would adequately correlate with the mill ball charge.

Comparison of machine learning classifiers: A case study of temperature alarms in a pharmaceutical supply chain

Temperature deviations are critical in a pharmaceutical supply chain (SC) due to quality deterioration concerns and resulting health risks. The current solutions ensuring temperature maintenance are either labor-intensive or prone to triggering alarms that require no corrective measures, which, in turn, increase the alarm investigation costs. Machine learning (ML) methods have fared well both in the areas characterized by the execution of repetitive tasks and in the identification of false alarms; however, they have not been applied in the context of temperature monitoring in a pharmaceutical SC. In this paper, we used the real-world data of a large international logistics service provider for the period of 2013–2018 and compared the optimized performance of 10 ML classification methods in the task of false temperature alarm identification. Such additional features as temperature in the location of possible physical handling and average temperature deviation were either externally collected or estimated to enrich the models. In general, gradient boosting achieved the best performance in our evaluations, with an accuracy of 95.9% in comparison with the value of 16.6% demonstrated by the current legacy rule-based system. The feature ranking and sensitivity tests pointed to the strength of the features indicating an absolute temperature deviation and the location of cargo along the SC. The tests simulating model applications on new dissimilar observations showed various performance losses across classifiers, with the best stability retained for a new customer scenario and largest performance decreases for a new temperature range scenario.

Embracing the Potentials of Intermodal Transport in Ethiopia: Strategies to Facilitate Export-Led Growth

Ethiopia has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, and by 2025 Ethiopia aims to become the manufacturing hub of Africa. To maintain growth, the Ethiopian government heavily supports industrial development in different industry sectors. However, Ethiopia is still a developing, low-income country that has to overcome several barriers in order to attract foreign companies to become a middle-income country. Therefore, efficient intermodal transport is seen as one of the key contributors to facilitating export-led growth. This study seeks to map the current state of intermodal transport in Ethiopia by synthesizing a holistic picture of current challenges and to propose strategies for dealing with them. A moderated nominal group technique (NGT) exercise was applied among 38 experts from local manufacturing industries, domestic and international logistics services, academia, and associations as well as governmental and non-governmental institutions. Through the NGT process, the study condenses 19 challenges for intermodal transport in Ethiopia that are grouped into eight different clusters and assesses the importance of resolving those challenges in order to facilitate logistics performance. Moreover, strategies are proposed to improve the current state of intermodal transport and assessed according to their effectiveness and complexity. Consequently, recommendations and implications for four stakeholder groups are given: (1) governmental institutions; (2) non-governmental institutions; (3) foreign investors/manufacturers and local manufacturers; as well as (4) local and international logistics service providers.

Impacts of COVID-19 on Public Transport Ridership in Sweden: Analysis of Ticket Validations, Sales and Passenger Counts

The paper analyses the impacts of COVID-19 on daily public transport ridership in Sweden during spring 2020, in particular the three most populated regions Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne. The analysis is based on ticket validations, sales and passenger counts data. Public transport ridership has been hit particularly severely compared with other transport modes. Of the three regions, the decrease in ridership was the largest in Stockholm (ca 60 %) and the smallest in Västra Götaland (ca. 40 %). The reduction stems primarily from a lower number of active public transport travellers. Data from both Stockholm and Västra Götaland show that travellers switched from 30-day period tickets to single tickets and travel funds, while the use and the sales of short period tickets, used predominantly by tourists and other short-term visitors, dropped to almost zero. One-year period tickets and school tickets increased from mid-April, which could indicate that the travellers using these tickets are particularly captive to the public transport system. Comparison with data from international mobility service providers shows that proxy indicators based on human proximity to public transport stations and travel planner queries have overestimated the recovery of public transport ridership during the months following the outbreak. Collaborative effort is required to put the results in the international context.

Impacts of the New International Land–Sea Trade Corridor on the Freight Transport Structure in China, Central Asia, the ASEAN countries and the EU

The New International Land–Sea Trade Corridor (ILSTC) is a trade and multimodal transport corridor jointly built by the western Chinese provinces and the ASEAN countries. The ILSTC treats Chongqing and the Beibu Gulf ports of mainland China, Hong Kong and Singapore as different transport hubs through which it attempts to link the western provinces of China with the ASEAN countries. International trade among the ASEAN countries, Central Asia and the EU can also be improved by the existing China Railway (CR) Express service from western Chinese cities. To analyze the impacts of the ILSTC on the freight market structures of West China, Central Asia, the ASEAN countries and the EU, first, the current freight transport route alternatives and those of the ILSTC were selected as the study objectives. Second, data on freight route alternatives were collected and analyzed. Third, the choice behavior in freight transport and the market share of the ILSTC were determined and calculated using a multinomial logit model. The impacts of the ILSTC on freight transport structures are discussed and related suggestions for the development of international logistic service providers are proposed.

International Humanitarian Award: Gargi Roysircar.

The International Humanitarian Award recognizes extraordinary humanitarian services and activism by psychologists, including professional and volunteer work conducted primarily in the field with underserved populations. Award recipients are psychologists who, by their extraordinary service at a difficult time, improve the lives and contribute to the well-being of people in a large or small geographic area anywhere in the world. The 2019 award for International Humanitarian is presented to Gargi Roysircar. "For her significant contributions to international mental health practice and assessment, particularly in disasteraffected communities, Gargi Roysircar has enriched our understanding of cultural identities and contextual trauma and resilience of nationalities. Her research on immigrant and refugee experiences challenges psychologists to expand their own awareness and consider the international implications of their work. Gargi Roysircar has participated in mental health counseling in postearthquake Haiti; tsunami-affected Southern India; the United States Gulf Coast following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita; Tabasco, Mexico, following Hurricane Dean; and for HIV/AIDS-infected and affected children and women in South Africa and Botswana. She is an outstanding mentor to her students, many of whom are now cross-cultural researchers and international service providers." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Achieving Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in Rural Myanmar: The Case of River Ayeyarwaddy Dolphin Tourism

Abstract Community-based tourism is recognised as being a potentially important means by which economic development can take place in rural Myanmar. One particular project in this vein is the dolphin-based tourism organized at six villages on the River Ayeyarwaddy in the northern Mandalay division. Qualitative research featuring personal interviewing of international tourists and service providers in the region indicated the potential for this project but also the formidable problems of poor connectivity and service provision that will need to be overcome to achieve success. The threats to the dolphins concerned and the indifference with which they are treated by many community members suggest real threats to the sustainability of the project as a whole.

ФІНАНСОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РОЗШИРЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ В ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

Досліджено можливості людського розвитку, процеси системної трансформації соціально-трудової сфери, зміни змісту праці та форм її організації в умовах Четвертої промислової революції. Досліджено питання використання фінансових інструментів для розширення можливостей людського розвитку в умовах поширення інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій за його основними вимірами. У сфері освіти ці можливості нині пов’язані передусім із ширшим застосуванням фандрайзингу в діяльності ВНЗ, поступовим переводом якомога більшої кількості напрямів діяльності ВНЗ в онлайн-середовище, розширенням практики фінансування проектів спільнокоштом і практики використання міжнародних платіжних систем, розвитком співпраці між бізнесом та університетами, максимально швидкою інтеграцією вітчизняних ВНЗ у світовий ринок освітніх послуг. У сфері охорони здоров’я — передусім із подальшим розвитком страхової медицини, використанням системи E-Health, підвищенням якості державних і приватних медичних послуг. В умовах системних змін у соціально-трудовій сфері, упровадження безумовного базового доходу є важливим інструментом фінансування процесів відтворення людського капіталу, забезпечення збалансованого суспільного розвитку для багатьох поколінь громадян прогресивних країн світу.

Ethnocentrism, Trust, and the Willingness to Pay of Chinese Consumers for Organic Labels from Different Countries and Certifiers

Although numerous studies have examined consumer preference for organic foods, few have focused on consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for organic labels from dissimilar countries or certifiers. We conducted a choice experiment to examine how Chinese consumer ethnocentrism and trust on organic labels and certifiers may affect their WTP for organic labels from different countries as well as for different certifiers. Chinese consumers did not show a high level of ethnocentrism, and this may lead to inconsistencies in their WTP for organic labels. Significantly, consumer preferences for certifiers did not change remarkably with the increase in consumer ethnocentrism. Chinese consumers generally preferred organic labels from developed countries (or US-invested organic certifiers). With increases in the trust in labels, consumer WTP for each type of organic label increased in general, but the difference between WTPs for organic labels from different countries decreased. Similar results were observed in consumer WTP for certifiers. Determining distinct preferences for organic labels from various sources and countries can be a valuable reference for manufacturers or international certification service providers to choose target markets and for governments to establish their certification systems.

Big data analytics and organizational culture as complements to swift trust and collaborative performance in the humanitarian supply chain

The main objective of the study is to understand how big data analytics capability (BDAC) as an organizational culture can enhance trust and collaborative performance between civil and military organizations engaged in disaster relief operations. The theoretical framework is grounded in organizational information processing theory (OIPT). We have conceptualized an original theoretical model to show, using the competing value model (CVM), how BDAC, under a moderating influence of organizational culture, affects swift trust (ST) and collaborative performance (CP). We used WarpPLS 6.0 to test the proposed research hypotheses using multi-respondent data gathered through an email questionnaire sent to managers working in 373 organizations, including the military forces of different countries, government aid agencies, UN specialized agencies, international non-government organizations (NGOs), service providers, and contractors. The results offer four important implications. First, BDAC has a positive, significant effect on ST and CP. Second, flexible orientation (FO) and controlled orientation (CO) have no significant influence on building ST. Third, FO has a positive and significant moderating effect on the path joining BDAC and CP. Finally, CO has negative and significant moderating effect on the path joining BDAC and CP. The control variables: temporal orientation (TO) and interdependency (I) have significant effects on ST and CP. These results extend OIPT to create a better understanding of the application of information processing capabilities to build swift trust and improve collaborative performance. Furthermore, managers can derive multiple insights from this theoretically-grounded study to understand how BDAC can be exploited to gain insights in contexts of different management styles and cultures. We have also outlined the study limitations and provided numerous future research directions.

Exploring Service Quality of Low-Cost Airlines in Europe: an Integrated MCDM Approach

This study aims to evaluate service quality performance of major LCCs (Low Cost Carriers) in Europe by the MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) methodology. In addition it focuses on managerial business models and includes the international airline service providers that have applied the cost leadership strategy. In the study passenger reviews based on customer-rating systems are adopted as an alternative data source. For this purpose 24,971 passenger reviews, including 7 evaluation criteria, are analyzed. In this integrated methodology the Entropy method is used to weight the service quality criteria and the WASPAS method is used to rank the airlines. A sensitivity analysis is also applied and the robustness and stability of the application are confirmed. Consequently Jet2.com demonstrates the best service performance overall and legroom is the most important evaluation criterion.