International Security Cooperation Research Articles

The restructuring process of the Polish defence industry in the twenty-first century: doing more of the same while expecting different results

ABSTRACT This paper examines the restructuring of Poland’s defence industry during and after the country’s systemic transition of the 1990s, seeking to identify the main political, economic, and military challenges involved in the process. These reforms, which can be described as statist in nature, are dissected into phases corresponding with Anderson’s Public Policy Cycle. This approach enables a reconstruction of the initial conditions influenced by post-communist legacies and the selection and implementation of policies, as well as an assessment of the actions taken. The study highlights the determinants and long-term rationale behind these reforms, emphasising the challenges faced by the defence sector in countries that, like Poland, have undergone a systemic transition. The paper additionally discusses the potential risks of excessive state control in this sector of industry and evaluates the impact of these reforms on Poland’s role in international security co-operation.

Party politics and foreign policy: The Liberal Democratic Party in Japan's security policy expansion in Southeast Asia

AbstractThis article explains the role of political parties in influencing a democratic state's international security cooperation policy. It focuses on Japan's expanded security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries pushed by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The LDP as the ruling party saw Japan's expanded security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries as an effort to success Abe's “Take Back Japan” campaign and to overperform the previous Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) administration. Moreover, Japan was able to expand its security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries because LDP and its junior coalition partner New Komeito, using its preliminary review system in foreign and security policy making, and its stable power in parliament, were able to pass security legislations allowing Japan's to have more security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries.

Climate security and Japan’s new national security strategy: a policy analysis

Japan’s National Security Strategy makes it clear that the Government of Japan is more climate-security minded than before, although its overall tone is dominated by geopolitical and traditional security issues. The Government of Japan, and the Ministry of Defense in particular, should address climate security particularly in close cooperation with its international partners. Military-to-military cooperation should be accelerated mainly on the response and adaptation of the military forces to the impacts of climate change. Japan’s effort will contribute to the international efforts to build a new security architecture in the Indo-Pacific. The Ministry of Defense established its Response Strategy on Climate Change. This is important as it clearly shows the Ministry’s recognition that the effort to address climate change is compatible with national security efforts, including military efforts. As climate security is a truly global agenda, Japan’s international security cooperation to address climate change should be pursued globally. As it is quite new for Japan, there is much room for expansion in response, adaptation and reduction. Climate security should not be viewed as any political movement in disguise. Scientific integrity should be respected. Additionally, Japan’s international cooperation on policy study on climate security must be promoted to advance climate security policy in Japan.

The role of the UN in ensuring the rule of law

The methods of effective support of international peace and security directly depend on the features of the global and regional security environment. The nature of current challenges and threats determines the format and directions of international security cooperation. Faced with the modern challenges and threats of the globalized world, no state is able to ensure its own security solely by its own efforts, without relying on the help of the international community and collective security structures. Each country independently determines the degree of its participation in certain international events in the field of international security. In this vein, various forms of international cooperation and cooperation in the field of security are formed in accordance with countries’ perceptions of common threats and their own national interests. In the conditions of the current level of globalization, international cooperation covers almost all spheres of social activity and requires the establishment of generally accepted and understandable “rules of the game” and certain regulation at the supranational level. These functions are assigned to international institutions and the system of international treaties. The transition to the information society, the processes of globalization, the development of the latest technologies and the new challenges of modernity have led to the emergence of new ways of waging war and have radically changed the international security system. The principles, resources and means of warfare have changed significantly. Modern challenges and threats to the global security system have led to a rethinking of the conceptual and practical foundations of international security cooperation. In order to maintain security and stability in the modern world, uniform rules, principles and standards of responsibility must be adopted. The UN acts as a universal and unique platform for consolidating positive trends in the development of the international security system.

Global interest in the Arctic region: Naval operations impacting scientific-commercial activities

Abstract The Arctic region is rapidly changing as a result of climate alteration, political tensions and ambitions of the Arctic and non-Arctic states. Is the existing governance considered to be adequate for effective international security cooperation in the region? On the one hand, we look optimistic at the evolution of international relations in the areas of science and technology, conservation, search and rescue coordination, tourism, etc. On the other hand, there is a significantly increased militarisation of the Arctic region. The recent rise in military activities in the North has resulted in numerous regional deployments, patrols and other incidents in the maritime Arctic. In general, militarisation together with climate change are impacting scientific-commercial activities. Also, the absence of an adequate legal regime that may respond to climate change and interruption of civil activities by military exercises in a fast and effective way hampers international cooperation. This paper problematises various aspects of interaction between scientific-commercial activities and naval operations in the Arctic region.

Про результати міжнародного співробітництва наукового центру у сфері хімічної, біологічної та радіаційно-ядерної безпеки (2017-2021)

Abstract. The scale and nature of the existing external and internal threats form the directions of international security cooperation for Ukraine, which today focus on a range of topical issues in the field of chemical, biological and radiation safety. Aim. Evaluation of the results of international cooperation of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety, in particular in matters related to the identification of controlled and toxic chemical substances. Materials and Methods. The results of the international activity of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety for the past 5 years are summarized; cooperation with international donors, representatives of the government of Ukraine, scientists and non-governmental organizations is summarized. Results. A key event in the field of international cooperation was participation in G-7 Regular Meeting within the framework of the Global Partnership (Munich, Germany, 2014), where Ukraine presented about 90 projects in three areas: chemical, biological and physical nuclear safety. The results of the implementation of OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine: "Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) (2014-2019) and "Enhancing Ukraine's Chemical Emergency Response Capacity) (2020-2021) are highly appreciated. Participation in Project Project 57: Strengthening crime scene forensics capabilities in investigating CBRN incidents in the South East and Eastern Europe Centers of Excellence Region (2018-2020) and "South East and Eastern Europe CBRN Risk Mitigation and Security Governance Program (UNICRI) (2021) had significant scientific and practical results. Conclusions. Participation in the work of international projects is invaluable in shaping the professional worldview of scientists and specialists whose activities belong to the sphere of CBRN security. The joint implementation of international initiatives provides a real opportunity for the operational implementation of new experience in practice, which is reflected in the plans of scientific works, the content of trainings and educational programs for the training of specialists who, according to their professional duties, need modern knowledge in the field of managing the consequences of CBRN threats. Key Words: chemicals, chemical safety, toxicology.

Assessing the Defence Cooperation Agreements Between the USA and African Countries

International security cooperation is regarded as one of the key and successful mechanisms to fight terrorism and other cross-border criminal activities worldwide. This paper focuses on the benefits and challenges of the US and African countries' defence cooperation, using Ghana as a case study. This study used 21 people as participants. The subjects were selected based on their unique knowledge and expertise in the phenomenon under study. The researchers used interviews to solicit the views of the participants on the Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA) between Ghana and the US focusing on the benefits and challenges. In conclusion, the study disclosed that no country has a monopoly on what it takes to fight terrorism and other transnational organised crime alone. The major challenges identified include the breach of domestic law, limited mutual trust, and discriminately ethnic and misguided religious practices. The challenges were stated as indispensable for the sustainability of the DCA and the successful mitigation of terrorism and transnational organised crime in West Africa.

International Health Cooperation in the Post-Pandemic Era: Possibilities for and Limitations of Middle Powers in International Cooperation

The COVID-19 pandemic has left international cooperation and liberalistic values in crisis. As liberalism’s downfall is widely discussed, international collaborations like the European Union are criticised for their inability to operate adequately during the pandemic. The four examples in this paper are middle power countries (South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore) in terms of economic scale and influence. The purpose of this study was to uncover possibilities for and limitations of these middle powers within international cooperative efforts during and after the pandemic. The unknown factor is the path the post-pandemic world will follow. Will nations focus on independent survival? Or will international cooperation shape the new world? Globalisation already seems to have progressed too far for the national egoism of the great powers to prevail. Even if face-to-face is replaced by virtual and offline meetings move online, the social nature of humans remains unchanged, and international cooperation remains valid. The four middle power countries in Asia, which are included among the most economically successful countries, are important to international society based on their relatively excellent quarantine performance. What is important in the diplomacy of middle power countries is not traditional security and hard power but the soft power of international law, human rights, health security, and international cooperation.

Aikido and world politics: a practice theory for transcending the security dilemma

In the final analysis, is the security dilemma inescapable? Or can the protagonists in world politics learn to live with never-ending insecurities and the risk of attack without producing precisely the outcomes that they wish to avoid? This article explores this fundamental problem for International Relations theory by performing a thought experiment, in which it applies lessons from aikido to world politics. A form of Japanese budo, or martial art, aikido provides practitioners with a method for harbouring insecurities, and for dealing with attacks that may or may not occur, by empathically caring for actual and potential attackers. The article builds on practice theory in assuming that any social order is constructed and internalised through practices, but also capable of change through the introduction and dissemination of new practices. Although an unlikely scenario, aikido practice could serve as such a method of fundamental transformation if widely applied in world politics. Empirical examples ranging from international apologies and security cooperation to foreign aid and peacekeeping operations are discussed, suggesting that contemporary world politics is at times already performed in accordance with aikido principles, albeit only imperfectly and partially.

India’s maritime security legal framework and its influence on international maritime security cooperation

ABSTRACT The Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) is a veritable constitution of the oceans that was negotiated with the overarching objective of protecting the “common heritage of mankind”. While the primary goal of developing countries was to protect their economic interests by seeking maritime areas with exclusive jurisdiction, the LOSC has a significant role in furthering maritime security cooperation among countries. The universally accepted trait of international cooperation in maritime security efforts requires a commonality of perception of threats and the legally acceptable ways in which they may be mitigated. In order to develop meaningful cooperative endeavours in maritime security, it is essential for India to develop a domestic legislative framework that supports its maritime security demands and promotes its standing as an upholder of the international order.

Difusi Norma Kerja Sama Keamanan ASEAN Melawan Perdagangan Manusia

The United Nations (UN) ratified the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNCTOC) in 2000 as the norm for international security cooperation in addressing transnational crimes that threaten the global security. Transnational crimes include human trafficking that involves a wide range of criminal organizations and networks. Therefore, ASEAN also refers to UNCTOC and the Trafficking in Person (TIP) Protocol in overcoming transnational crimes, especially the fight against human trafficking. This paper proposes questions ASEAN's attitude to not adopt all UNCTOC norms and Trafficking in Person Protocol in the ASEAN Convention on Trafficking in Person, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP). This paper uses qualitative research methods and norm diffusion theory as the analytical framework. This study found that ASEAN did not fully adopt external norms because there were parts that were not in accordance with ASEAN's internal norms, so that ASEAN made adjustments between external norms and ASEAN internal norms in the formation of ACTIP which referred to ASEAN's cognitive priors, so that ACTIP became the security cooperation norms with human rights element.

ANALYSIS ON THE FOREIGN TRADE OF GRAIN IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES: TAKING EXPORT TO CHINA AS AN EXAMPLE

Agricultural cooperation is the common demand of Central Asian countries, and all countries have needs in food trade. This article analyzes the complementarity between China and Central Asian countries in grain production and demonstrates the possibility of further promoting grain trade. In order to improve the scale and quality of agricultural cooperation, it is advisable to incorporate food trade into the international food security cooperation system. Attempts to combine trade with poverty reduction, capacity building, agricultural investment, and the construction of a common food market, put forward an effective path for China and Central Asian countries to develop agricultural cooperation, and put forward relevant policy recommendations.

“Decisive Political Means”: International Security Cooperation and the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games

Abstract The International Olympic Committee (IOC) selected Seoul, South Korea, as the host of the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in Baden-Baden, Germany, in 1981. Due to the acrimonious history between the two nations, in particular North Korea’s bombing of a South Korean civilian airplane in 1987, fear existed that North Korea might attack the games. In response to the North Korean threat, the IOC, national governments, and national Olympic committees worked together to provide security for the 1988 Seoul Olympics. As relations between the United States and Soviet Union slowly improved, protecting the Olympics factored into arms-control discussions between the two rivals. Simultaneously, despite a long-held aversion to politics interfering with sport, the situation forced the IOC to manipulate political ties to ensure a safe Olympic Games. This system of international security cooperation had a lasting impact on Olympic security.

Research on Social Security Governance in Big Data Environment

Under the background of big data, social security information has new characteristics such as large data volume, low value density, diverse and complex types. It has become an inevitable trend to effectively integrate social security governance with big data technology. But there are some problems in social security work in China, such as imperfect organizational system, lack of special national social security database, lack of technical personnel with big data. Some measures are put forward, such as integrating social security resources, improving social security technical means, cultivating technical talents with big data thinking, strengthening the participation and cooperation of the public and institutions, improving the social security prevention and control system centered on big data, and further promoting international security cooperation, to promote social security governance.

التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی والاتفاقیات الدولیة

ملخص البحث التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی والاتفاقیات الدولیة سلطان بن محمد بن عبدالله آل موسى الشهرانی باحث قانونی بوزارة العدل بالمملکة العربیة السعودیة souzy6748@gmail.com لخص فی التعرف على مفهوم التعاون الدولی فی اللغة والنظام والنظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی وتعریف جرائم الإرهاب فی اللغة والنظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی وما هو دور التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی من خلال الاتفاقیات الدولیة الجماعیة والثنائیة . أهداف البحث : 1-التعرف على مفهوم التعاون الدولی . 2-تحدید مفهوم مصطلح الجرائم الإرهابیة . 3- ما هو دور التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی . 4- ما هو دور الاتفاقیات الدولیة فی مکافحة الإرهاب. المنهج المتبع فی البحث : المنهج التحلیلی الاستقرائی . النتائج 1- یعرف التعاون الدولی بأنه طریقة من طرق العلاقات الدولیة تهدف إلى تنفیذ سیاسة محددة خلال فترة زمنیة معینة فی مجال أو عدة مجالات 2- مجالات التعاون الدولی تتمثل فی ثلاثة عناصر: 1-التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة جرائم الإرهاب . 2-التعاون الدولی الآمنى لتسلیم المجرمین . 3-التعاون القضائی . التوصیات : 1-تعزیز فکرة التعاون الدولی فی الجرائم الإرهابیة حتى یستطیع المجتمع الدولی القضاء على هذه الآفة الخطیرة . 2-عقد مؤتمرات وندوات ولقاءات بین جمیع الدول المعنیة بمکافحة الإرهاب حتى تستطیع الآلیات لمکافحة هذه الظاهرة . 3-مد ید العون والمساعدة من الدول الغنیة إلى دول المواجهة للقضاء على الفکر المتطرف. الکلمات المفتاحیة : 1-الفقه 2- التعاون الدولی 3- جرائم الإرهاب 4- الشریعة الإسلامیة 5- الاتفاقیات الدولیة 6- مجالات التعاون الدولی Research Summary International cooperation in combating terrorism in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence And international conventions Sultan bin Mohammed bin Abdullah Al Musa Al Shahrani Legal Researcher, Ministry of Justice, Saudi Arabia souzy6748@gmail.com The research summarizes the definition of the concept of international cooperation in the language and the system and the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence and the definition of crimes of terrorism in the language and the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence and what is the role of international cooperation in the fight against terrorism in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence through international collective agreements and bilateral. Research goals : 1. Identify the concept of international cooperation. 2. Defining the concept of the term terrorist crimes. 3- What is the role of international cooperation in combating terrorism in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence? 4 - What is the role of international conventions in the fight against terrorism. Research Methodology: Inductive analytical approach Results 1. International cooperation is defined as a method of international relations aimed at the implementation of a specific policy within a certain period of time in one or several areas. 2. The areas of international cooperation are three elements: International cooperation in combating terrorism crimes. 2. International security cooperation for extradition. 3. Judicial cooperation. Recommendations: 1. Promote the idea of ​​international cooperation in terrorist crimes so that the international community can eliminate this dangerous scourge. 2 - Holding conferences, seminars and meetings between all countries concerned with combating terrorism so that mechanisms can combat this phenomenon. 3 - extending a helping hand and help from rich countries to the frontline countries to eliminate extremist thought. key words : 1- Jurisprudence 2- International Cooperation 3- Terrorist Crimes 4- Islamic Sharia 5- International Agreements 6- Fields of International Cooperation

Polskie sojusze 1918−2018. Teoria i doświadczenia

The poor reputation of military alliances among Poles is the result of a shallow and indeed trivial understanding of the country’s historical experience. In the realms of social perception and historical debate, Polish alliances are treated not as tools of foreign policy, which are strongly linked to the international context and interplay of interests between individual allies and actors that pose a threat to them, but as a universal solution to the country’s security, which is to remain dependable regardless of circumstances. The aim of this article is to analyse experiences derived from twelve alliances entered by Poland between 1918 and 2018, in relation to the rationale for which they were formed, the methods and effects of their functioning, as well as the reasons for which eleven of them have been terminated. The theoretical underpinning of this analysis is the so-called general theory of international alliances that has been developed for the past couple of decades by numerous authors operating within the field of strategic studies, including Andrzej Dybczynski in Poland. The establishment of this kind of paradigm allows us to convincingly characterise this specific relationship between sovereign countries, as well as differentiate the alliances from other forms of international security cooperation. The knowledge available in this field is used in the analysis of alliances entered by Poland.

Book Review: Raphael Bossong and Mark Rhinard (eds)., Theorizing Internal Security Cooperation in the European Union

Book Review: Raphael Bossong and Mark Rhinard (eds)., <i>Theorizing Internal Security Cooperation in the European Union</i>

Germany and United Nations peacekeeping: the cautiously evolving contributor

ABSTRACTThis article examines Germany’s past, present and future approach to UN peacekeeping, particularly in the context of a potential ‘European return to UN Peacekeeping’ and the country’s recent commitment to contribute to the Multidimensional Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA). By applying a conceptual framework for assessing facilitating and inhibiting factors related to Germany’s past and current participation in UN peacekeeping operation, the article argues that core reasons for German troop contributions range from bilateral partnerships and multilateral pressures, to the role of individual policy entrepreneurs and inter-organizational aspects. Yet, Germany’s culture of restraint and public scepticism towards military operations act as important inhibiting factors. Most crucially, Germany has since the early 1990s pursued an instrumentalist approach to UN peacekeeping in order to strengthen its international profile within a discourse of ‘assuming more responsibility’, to advance ‘normalization’ in security affairs and to enhance internal political and external bilateral security cooperation schemes. Germany’s recent commitment to MINUSMA and its discourse will not result in a ‘big bang’ return to UN peacekeeping, but rather to selective commitments on a carefully assessed case-by-case basis.

РОЛЬ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ

РОЛЬ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ

Government surveillance disclosures, bilateral trust and Indonesia–Australia cross-border security cooperation: Social network analysis of Twitter data

Trust/distrust in the citizens of a foreign country may affect the nation's strategic decisions to continue/discontinue security cooperation with the foreign country. This paper employs Twitter data to examine the impact of government surveillance disclosures on bilateral trust and international security cooperation. This study demonstrates the impact of social media on possible trust and security cooperation between two countries. Social network analysis method captures emergent patterns of bilateral trust-related communications. In the aftermath of the disclosures on Australia's secret surveillance of Indonesian government leaders, Indonesian citizens used Twittersphere via #ganyangaustralia (“Crush Australia”) to mobilize online political activism against Australia for its perceived injustice and lack of transparency in security policy. Our social network analysis of Twitter data shows evidence that citizens' distrust could affect bilateral security cooperation negatively. Unilaterally, Indonesia decided to halt Indonesia–Australia cross-border security cooperation. More generally, we highlight the need for new citizen-centric e-governance mechanisms for open and transparent international communications on government surveillance policies to safeguard the potential fragility of bilateral trust, when cross-border security cooperation generates discernible mutual benefits.