International Cooperation In Scientific Research Research Articles

Assessing the impact of geopolitics on international scientific cooperation - The case of US-China marine pollution research

This study aims to discuss the impact of geopolitical changes on international cooperation in scientific research using a case study of Sino-US international scientific cooperation in the field of marine pollution research. The potential impact of U.S.-China international relations on U.S.-China international scientific research cooperation in marine pollution research using scientometric technique based on the Web of science core dataset. The results show that (i) The deterioration of U.S.-China international relations hasn't decreased in the number of publications in this field, and the number of publications in both China and the United States has shown an increasing trend. Moreover, after 2015, China's publications surpassed those of the United States to become the leading country in scientific research output in the field of marine pollution; (ii) The annual average number of collaborative publications between China and the United States is increasing under the influence of geopolitics, and the scientific research links between them are growing under the influence of geopolitics. The scientific research ties between the two countries remain strengthened during the deterioration of international relations; (ii) As international relations change, China's international partners expand with high frequency of cooperation, while the U.S. has less change in the number of international partners and maintains a stable cooperation. In terms of scientific research output in the field of marine pollution between the US and China, the impact of geopolitics on inter-country research cooperation has not been evident.

Does the COVID-19 pandemic derail US-China collaboration on carbon neutrality research? A survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted scientific research activities, especially international cooperation in scientific research. Using bibliometric methods and scientific knowledge graph software, and by calculating collaboration indicators such as international collaboration rates, this work conducts a comprehensive review of carbon neutrality publications in the Web of Science database before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic derail China-U.S. collaboration on carbon neutrality research. The results show that (i) During the COVID-19 pandemic, more extensive research on carbon neutrality was carried out around the world, with China and the United States leading the way in carbon neutrality scientific output. (ii) Following the outbreak of the COVID-19, the global center of global carbon neutrality shifted from the United States to China. (iii) During the COVID-19 pandemic, research ties between China and the United States strengthened. The number of joint publications on carbon neutrality between China and the United States has greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those before. (iv) The proportion of China-U.S. cooperation in China's international cooperation has decreased, while it is the opposite for the United States. At the end of the article, we put forward relevant suggestions for realizing the sustainable development goals of climate change in the post-epidemic era for policymakers' reference. This paper provides important insights into the theoretical research of scholars in the carbon neutrality field.

Studying Abroad, Social Capital, and Sino-Swiss Scientific Research Collaboration: A Study of Chinese Scholars Studying in Switzerland

This study explores the relationship between studying abroad, social capital, and Sino-Swiss scientific research cooperation. Evidence from in-depth interviews involving 16 Chinese doctoral students, postdoctoral researchers, and visiting doctoral students in Switzerland informs the findings and conclusions drawn from this study. Social capital plays a vital role in the establishment of scientific research relations between China and Switzerland, especially in the initial stages of cooperation. Specifically, Chinese scholars use strong and weak ties to obtain information about studying in Switzerland. Findings show that in the initial stage of cooperative relationship establishment, structural holes play an essential role, and the relationship between trust and international research collaboration is differentiated between three types of academic mobility. Under the trend of antiglobalization, international scientific research cooperation is facing new challenges. How to build a trust relationship to maintain effective international cooperation deserves further research.

The quantitative analysis of difference between Chinese and German libraries subject services

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the difference of subject service between Chinese and German libraries. Subject service is the key direction of user-oriented service in libraries at home and abroad, especially in university libraries. It is an innovative measure to provide service for teaching, learning and research in libraries under the information environment. Subject service has strong practicality, and with the increasing demand of users and the continuous change of external information environment, the service content and mode are gradually improved.Design/methodology/approachBy investigating the selected websites of University Libraries between China and Germany, the specific practice status of subject services between these two countries was known, and the study provided a basis for the comparative analysis of the practice status of subject services between China and Germany. By using the elastic analysis model, the library services in foreign countries and China can be quantitatively analyzed to find out the matching situation between resources and reader’s needs, and then formulate the countermeasures for the allocation of literature resources. In this way, readers can find out the hotspot topics which are more in line with their needs, as well as in the field of inquiry. It is also helpful for readers to further study and analyze the knowledge background and subject distribution in this field.FindingsThe results show that there are still some deficiencies in China’s participation in international scientific research cooperation. By mapping high-frequency keyword co-occurrence network and clustering knowledge map, it is seen that there are differences in user research, information search, subject service platform and other aspects between Chinese and German library subject services. There are also some gaps in such aspects as location, disciplines service website revealing mode, resources support, disciplines service platform and so on.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study compares the status of scientific research and practice of discipline services between China and Germany, due to the limited capacity, the paper only selects a number of key points for comparative analysis of discipline services at home and abroad. Due to the limited range of data collected by WOS and Chinese Social Sciences Index, there are some deviations in data processing in the software used, which makes the theoretical research and comparison results have certain limitations.Practical implicationsBy investigating and analyzing the current situation of subject service in university libraries between China and Germany, this paper points out the shortcomings of subject service in university libraries in China on the basis of comparative analysis and draws on the advanced experience of German subject service to provide guidance for improving the problems in subject service in China.Originality/valueThe innovation of this study lies in the comparative analysis of Chinese and German subject services from the perspective of subject service research and work practice and puts forward some strategies to improve the development of domestic subject services. At present, there are few domestic literatures comparing the research status of subject services between China and Germany by using visualization method. This study quantitatively compares the time distribution, knowledge evolution direction, research hotspots and topics of subject services at home and abroad by using visualization technology and summarizes the evolution direction of subject services between China and Germany.

Project interface choice and knowledge creation: Evidence of international science cooperation in Taiwan

To heed the recent calls for more inquiries into the endogenous nature of governance decisions, this study aims to develop a comparative perspective on the performance implication of the project interface design in the context of international scientific cooperation. Using Heckman's two-stage model in a sample of 217 international scientific cooperation projects sponsored by the Taiwanese government, this study shows that project performance characterized by the collective knowledge creation is explained more by team competence and inter-team social capital than by the project interface choice per se. Furthermore, the knowledge co-creation performance is impaired in the presence of project interface misfit, either over- or under-guarding the knowledge exchange in science cooperation. The findings not only yield implications for managing international cooperation in scientific research but offer comparability and equivalency with the organization-level studies characterized by knowledge exchange/creation and governance difficulties.

Research on National Scientific Research Cooperation between China and the “One Belt and One Road”—Based on the Frontier Gravity Model

With the continuous development of science and technology and the deepening of international academic exchanges, international scientific research cooperation has become an important part of national strategy. Therefore, the research on the influencing factors of scientific research cooperation between China and “One Belt and One Road” countries plays an important guiding role in promoting the cultural, scientific and technological exchanges between them. This article is based on the United States patent and trademark office (USPTO) database in 2008-2017 patent cooperation data. On the basis of studying the current situation of scientific research cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road by means of intelligence mining, this paper innovate and quote the model of frontier gravity in economics creatively, and conducte an empirical study on the factors affecting scientific research cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road. The empirical results show that, except that the countries bordering on each other will inhibit China’s scientific research cooperation with countries along the “One Belt and One Road”, national scientific research strength, national innovation capacity, bilateral relations and economic scale will all promote the development of international scientific research cooperation. However, the geographical distance between the two countries has no significant impact on it. Besides, the limitation of this paper is that the number of patent cooperation between China and “One Belt and One Road” countries is generally small; many countries are not involved in patent cooperation, and data of some countries are missing and incomplete.

Project interface choice and its impact on knowledge creation of international science cooperation

The past several decades witness a fast growth of international cooperation in scientific research. Among all the key factors underlying the cross-country cooperation, the contractual interface bet...

The RE(ACT) Initiative and the use of an online community to enhance research on rare diseases

There is a striking need for increased international cooperation in scientific research on rare diseases (RDs). Existing research efforts are in fact still scattered and fragmented research is being performed with little coordination between research laboratories. This lack of coordination is particularly detrimental to the increase of knowledge and to the delivery of new therapies for RDs because the resources are very limited and the patient population is small for each disease. Moreover, traditional funding mechanisms based on natural market conditions and access to public funds, do not fit the reality of research requirements on RDs. For these reasons the BLACKSWAN Foundation is proud to present the RE(ACT) Initiative with the aim of boosting research and facilitating the discovery of new molecules and therapies for millions of patients. The Initiative is structured on two main axes: the RE(ACT) Congress (react-congress.org) and the online RE(ACT) Community (react-community.org). Their mission is to strengthen the synergies between researchers and other stakeholders that are related to different extents with RDs. The RE(ACT) Congress is organized every two years and brings together world leaders and young scientists from different scientific fields to present state-of-the-art research, to discuss results and to exchange ideas. The RE(ACT) Community as an example of how the use of online communities and social media can address these challenges and facilitate the cooperation between researchers, patients and other important stakeholders in the RDs field. The RE(ACT) Community uses an innovative online platform that combines elements of scientific knowledge sharing with the access to new funding mechanisms to improve the implementation of research projects. This approach is conceived to empower researchers and patients and change the way science is communicated. The RE(ACT) Community is a place where everybody has an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Patients and patient organizations have the possibility to exchange their observations on a disease directly with researchers and researchers can be put in contact with patients who express the interest to take part in clinical trials, provide samples, or support. Moreover, crowdfunding is introduced as original financing method to support research in the field of RDs as it involves funding a project with relatively modest contributions from a large group of individuals. The promotion of a research project can be facilitated by social media through the integration of “social plugin” on platforms, which allow a user to sensitize his network and improve awareness on a specific research or disease. The RE(ACT) Community is a new kind of collaborative workspace where RD stakeholders help each other to develop research and increase awareness in the public opinion on the subject of RDs.

EVIMalaR — a model for international cooperation in scientific research

The European Virtual Institute for Malaria Research (EVIMalaR) is at risk of losing funding, which could be a major set-back for the European malaria research community.

Research collaboration in health management research communities

BackgroundThis study uses scientometrics methodology to reveal the status quo and emerging issues of collaboration in health management.MethodsWe searched all the articles with the keyword “health management” in the period 1999–2011 in Web of Knowledge, then 3067 articles were found. Methods such as Social network analysis (SNA), co-authorship, co-word analysis were used in this study.ResultsAnalysis of the past 13 years of research in the field of health management indicates that, whether the production of scientific research, or authors, institutions and scientific research collaboration at the national level, collaboration behavior has been growing steadily across all collaboration types. However, the international scientific research cooperation about health management study between countries needs to be further encouraged. 17 researchers can be seen as the academic leaders in this field. 37 research institutions play a vital role in the information dissemination and resources control in health management. The component analysis found that 22 research groups can be regarded as the backbone in this field. The 8 institution groups consisting of 33 institutions form the core of this field. USA, UK and Australia lie in the center by cohesive subgroup analysis; Based on keywords analysis, 44 keywords with high frequency such as care, disease, system and model were involved in the health management field.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that although it is growing steadily, collaboration behavior about health management study needs to be enhanced, especially between different institutions or countries/regions, which would promote the progress and internationalization of health management. Besides, researchers should pay attention to the cooperation of representative scholars and institutions, as well as the hot areas of research, because their experience would help us promote the research development of our nation.

Analyzing rare diseases terms in biomedical terminologies

Rare disease patients too often face common problems, including the lack of access to correct diagnosis, lack of quality information on the disease, lack of scientific knowledge of the disease, inequities and difficulties in access to treatment and care. These things could be changed by implementing a comprehensive approach to rare diseases, increasing international cooperation in scientific research, by gaining and sharing scientific knowledge about and by developing tools for extracting and sharing knowledge. A significant aspect to analyze is the organization of knowledge in the biomedical field for the proper management and recovery of health information. For these purposes, the sources needed have been acquired from the Office of Rare Diseases Research, the National Organization of Rare Disorders and Orphanet, organizations that provide information to patients and physicians and facilitate the exchange of information among different actors involved in this field. The present paper shows the representation of rare diseases terms in biomedical terminologies such as MeSH, ICD-10, SNOMED CT and OMIM, leveraging the fact that these terminologies are integrated in the UMLS. At the first level, it was analyzed the overlap among sources and at a second level, the presence of rare diseases terms in target sources included in UMLS, working at the term and concept level. We found that MeSH has the best representation of rare diseases terms.

Free exchange of weather data secure for now

A resolution adopted by the World Meteorological Organization reinforcing the free and open international exchange of weather data is being lauded by the U.S. research community. The resolution, which was adopted on June 25 at the WMO's Twelfth Congress in Geneva, settled a divisive debate—at least for now—that strikes at the heart of international cooperation in scientific research.“The resolution protects the whole scientific community from having an international body adopt a restrictive practice that could eventually spread to other data sets,” according to Richard S. Greenfield, Director of the NSF's Division of Atmospheric Sciences. In particular, the resolution ensures free and unrestricted access to all data and products exchanged under WMO auspices for non‐commercial use by the research and education communities.

Volcanic alert in antarctica

On January 14, members of the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP) were alerted to possible volcanic activity on Deception Island, Antarctica. The island, located at latitude 62%57′S, longitude 60'40′W, attracts many tourists.COMNAP is a group of national program managers of 25 countries that have government programs in the Antarctic. Its function is to implement measures adopted by the Antarctic Treaty parties, including fostering international cooperation in scientific research.

Science in a Democratic Society On the Need for Poets and Philosophers

Science has brought untold benefits to mankind through an increase of knowledge. These are reviewed in astronomy, nuclear physics, in the life sciences and the resulting technological accomplishments are discussed from an American point of view. International cooperation in scientific research, be it big accelerators or large telescopes, has posed great challenges to engineers, but has also highlighted the global problems of population explosion, pollution, tropical diseases and finite resources. All points to the fact that the world is in a state of transition, and this, the main thesis of the review, is exemplified in detail, showing how science and technology has led to social, economic and political problems. To these, solutions are offered.

The future of International Cooperation in Geophysics for the benefit of whom?

In recent years the structure of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the actions of many ICSU bodies have increasingly come under criticism from governments, scientific academies, and individual scientists. National committees are taking a hard look at the benefits of adhering to nongovernmental organizations, and threats of withdrawal are being voiced here and there. The worldwide wave of nationalism and/or isolationism, the wave of anti‐intellectualism sweeping through many countries, and the frightening turn to introspection and to irrational beliefs of the young generation in many countries all have had an impact on government and politics that in my view seriously imperils the future of international cooperation in scientific research. Those of us scientists who feel a social responsibility and accountability to our fellow men and women cannot remain indifferent.

International Co-operation in Scientific Research

International Co-operation in Scientific Research

Co-operation in Research

INTERNATIONAL co-operation in scientific research was also discussed in appreciative terms by Sir William Bragg, and he referred to a letter received from Dr. Bosch, president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft, inviting the co-operation of the Royal Society in some scientific enterprise which would advance science and at the same time promote understanding and good will, in which an exchange of visits between representatives of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft and the Royal Society was suggested.

Science and Fisheries

I THANK you for the opportunity afforded me of commenting on Prof.. McIntosh's letter, and him for his friendly criticism. I may, perhaps, be permitted, without discussing all his points in detail, to develop somewhat my views regarding international co-operation in scientific research, which Prof. McIntosh has not, I think, quite understood.