International Phenomenon Research Articles

Solidarity Economy as a Propositive Bias to Overcome Sexual Disparity in the Countryside: an Analysis Between Gender and Succession of Rural Property in Rio Grande do Norte

Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a Pearson correlation analysis between the variables “gender” and “succession”, and the non-parametric Kruscal-Wallis test, to answer which gender predominates in the succession process in family farming families in Rio Grande do Norte. Theoretical Framework: Solidarity economy is an international phenomenon with strong potential for change in population contexts, for the reinsertion and participation of workers in the means of production, bringing, in addition to the rational aspect of the economy, crucial issues to be debated in the status quo, such as fairer income distribution and the reduction of social and gender asymmetries. Method: The study included 137 family farmers from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, with more than 2 years of work experience, who answered the questionnaire with assertions organized on a Likert scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson’s correlation test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results and Discussion: Data indicate that the male gender is predominant in the succession process in family farming in Rio Grande do Norte, with men as the main representatives in the relationship between land ownership and gender. Research Implications: This study contributes to the discussion on the importance of solidarity-based self-management models in the historical reparation of gender inequality in the world of work. Originality/Value: The research elucidates answers about the succession process in family farming from a gender perspective, helping to resolve the questions that this topic has raised.

RISORGIMENTO'S ECHOES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN KRAI DURING THE 1860s IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN EUROPE

The article emphasises that during the nineteenth century, the processes of the rise of national movements in Europe, which led to large-scale transformations in international relations, were reflected in the territory of Dnipro Ukraine, and of particular interest is their impact on the public life of Kyiv, Podillia and Volyn provinces, where the Polish socio-cultural presence was traditionally significant. After the November Uprising of 1830-1831, Polish political emigration influenced the formation of Polonophile sentiments in Europe and the actualisation of the Polish question in the activities of European diplomacy, parliaments, and press. The echoes of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's noble democracy were embodied in the Polish national liberation struggle, the uprisings against Russian autocracy in 1830-1831 and 1863-1864, the role of Polish emigrants in the socio-political processes of Western European and Balkan countries, and, above all, in the events of “the Springtime of Nations” of 1848-1849. The study of the documents of the Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General at the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv, which were first introduced to scientific circulation, sheds light on the rise of patriotic sentiments and resistance to Russian autocracy among the local Polish population against the background of intensification of national liberation movements in Europe during the nineteenth century, the emergence of new states on the political map – Greece (1830), Belgium (1830), Romania (1861), completion of the unification of Italy (1871) and creation of the German Empire (1871), and the state and legal transformation of the Austrian (since 1867 – Austro-Hungarian) monarchy. First of all, it is about the influence of information about the events of the Risorgimento and the related intensification of Polish emigration in Europe on the public life of the Southwestern region of the Russian Empire in the 1860s. The unification of Italy was a significant process in the context of the dismantling of the Vienna system of international relations that was initiated by the results of the Eastern War of 1853-1856. In general, it was about a set of international political processes and phenomena that influenced the balance of power on the continent. Italy's geopolitical position determined its key role in the struggle of the great European powers for control over the Mediterranean, powerful military, trade and economic leverage at the intersection of strategically important sea routes between the West and the East.

Gender and the scissors graph of brazilian science

Women are underrepresented in science and their participation decreases as their career progresses; an international phenomenon clearly displayed in a scissors graph. This decrease is usually attributed to maternity, a lower number of publications, and less ability to receive grants. Here we present a comprehensive study of the Brazilian science and technology system, covering 8,877,626 people, and analyzing the participation of women from the undergraduate to ministerial levels. The study used different data-bases to develop relevant indicators of the participation of women, some of them over a period of 15 years. Our results suggest that the decrease of women as their career advances is due to a combination of barriers that need to be faced and eliminated to promote equity for better science.

Effects of Drug Abuse on the Academic Performance of Students of Selected Tertiary Institutions in Lagos, Nigeria

Drug abuse has become an international phenomenon, a torn in the flesh of nations across the globe. It has been identified as one of the precarious vices; an impediment to the academic excellence of students of tertiary institutions; and a threat to the future of the Nigerian nation. The task of the paper was to interrogate the effects of drug abuse on the academic performance of students of selected tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. A quantitative method of data collection was employed to get the task of the paper done. The work adopted social learning theory as its theoretical framework. The study found peer group pressure, experimental curiosity, remedy for low self-esteem, poor parenting and influence of role models among others as root causes of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The finding revealed that the rise of drug abuse among the students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria is at an alarming rate; by implication, absenteeism from school activities, loss of memory, lack of seriousness in academic work, declining grades, increased potential for dropping out of school and suspension from school to mention a few are attributed to drug abuse. The study concluded by recommending a peer education intervention strategy, enactment of laws to discourage drug abuse, inclusion of mandatory drug education in all educational programs, constant monitoring of students by parents, and setting up of guidance and counselling offices across the campuses. Constant awareness programmes about the effects of drug abuse on academic achievement are also appropriate.

The multilevel management system for Russian economy amid sanctions

In the face of large-scale international sanctions imposed by the collective West against Russia, it becomes imperative to reevaluate the conventional framework for guiding the Russian economy amid the emerging challenges and limitations. The article explores a multilevel system for managing Russian economy in the context of the global confrontation. The methodological foundation resides in the selective “incremental changes ideology” emphasising the necessity for disaggregation and decentralisation of economic policies to maximise the timeliness of managerial decisions. This approach contrasts with the holistic “total regulation ideology”, which focuses on the national development strategy on planning and reaching aggregate economic indicators. The paper applies the methods of traditional structural cybernetic and graphical modelling of social systems allowing for the specificities of the external environment. The evidence comes from a cluster of the most recent studies approaching the role of the international sanctions phenomenon in building an efficient national economy from different angles. The author presents an original graphical four-circuit concentric model complemented by a functional description of its constituent circuits (the core, priority industries, new production, and supporting industries) and management methods. The article provides examples of the management measures (massive centralised lending for new microchip production, creation of the state corporation Rospharma, etc.) that can be implemented within the four circuits of the model. These measures can be both soft (‘weak’) and hard (‘strong’) depending on whether they reject or take on administrative enforcement. It is noteworthy that the selective governance model will gradually evolve into a holistic model over time.

Who is allowed to stay at home during school hours? An analysis of school withdrawal

ABSTRACT The rise of unexcused school absenteeism is an international phenomenon, and pupils with unexcused absenteeism are a highly heterogeneous group. Our study focuses on this heterogeneity by studying school withdrawal: absences not concealed from the parents, and which are attributable to there being little or no parental effort to get the pupil to school (passive school withdrawal) or to parental effort to keep the pupil at home (active school withdrawal). Our study of 644 pupils aged between 14 and 21 shows that both forms of school withdrawal are more prevalent among pupils with lower parental school involvement. Passive school withdrawal is more common among pupils from a single-parent family, and our findings also suggest that it occurs more often if the parents have a laissez-faire parenting style. Active school withdrawal is more prevalent amongst girls and students from a non-migrant background. In the conclusion, we elaborate on the implications of our findings for theory and practice.

Doing process research in international business

Process research develops our understanding of the emergence, flow, and evolution of phenomena over time through ongoing activities and events. The field of international business has long been concerned with developing an understanding of various kinds of processes over time. Yet, several international business scholars have called for more studies that recognize the process-based nature of international business phenomena. This paper therefore discusses the challenges of process research in international business and offers insight into how they may be addressed. We draw on the broader methodological literature and on exemplar process studies in international business to explore and illustrate a repertoire of methodological tools that may be useful in assembling the three critical ingredients of high-quality process research: rich process data, insightful process theory, and credible but creative coupling between the two.

‘That Was How We Lived’: Remembering Childhood and Adolescence in Kursk Oblast during the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1943

Abstract This article examines how noncombatants who lived in the Central Black Earth Region of the Soviet Union during the Soviet-German War (1941–45) remembered their experience of combat and Axis occupation seventy years after the last shots were fired. Based on interviews with over a dozen individuals who were children and adolescents during the war, this study finds that despite an overwhelming and annually celebrated official narrative of the war, the interviewees discuss the war from only their own horizon of observation. With a focus on themes common to all the interviewees (family, childhood, and labor), this essay stresses the fact that while modern warfare is a national (or international) phenomenon, it is always experienced locally by combatants and noncombatants alike. Such an examination highlights the complexity of the experience of warfare and how this complexity is demonstrated in how personal memory of the event diverges from official memory.

К вопросу об использовании инструментария дипломатии в террористических целях

The modern landscape of counterterrorism is characterized by a shift towards geopolitical confrontation, exemplified by the situations in Libya and Syria. Through the utilization of near-terrorist tactics such as narrative warfare, intimidation, and blackmail, officials, including diplomatic personnel, from certain countries wield international influence in pursuit of their geopolitical objectives, fostering panic, fear, and societal unrest. This phenomenon has become evident since the initiation of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine, where actions by terrorist factions received endorsement from Western governments. Currently, diplomatic services and select international bodies overtly rationalize terrorist activities and levy accusations against Russia. Considering the transformation of diplomatic activity, there is a need to study such a destructive international phenomenon as “diplomatic terrorism”, which inherently runs counter to classical diplomacy based on the principle of peaceful resolution of foreign policy issues. The genesis of this phenomenon is intertwined with technological advancements, the globalization of relations, the proliferation of states worldwide, and the degradation of elite cohorts. The phenomenon of diplomatic terrorism represents a paradigm shift in international relations, challenging traditional diplomatic norms and fostering an environment of heightened geopolitical tensions. Addressing this issue necessitates a multifaceted approach that combines diplomatic efforts, counterterrorism measures, and international cooperation to safeguard global stability and security.

‘Matters-of-concern’ associated with discontinuation of long-acting injectable buprenorphine: Findings from a longitudinal qualitative study

BackgroundDiscontinuation of medications such as methadone and buprenorphine amongst patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an international phenomenon. Recent developments in OAT medication include depot-injections of buprenorphine. Circumstances underlying discontinuation of these new formulations of medication are not fully understood from a qualitative perspective. MethodsData derive from a longitudinal qualitative study of patients’ experience of long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB), involving semi-structured telephone-interviews held at six-points in time. The relevant dataset for this article consists of 44 interview transcripts, generated from 8 participants who were each affected by discontinuation of LAIB prescriptions (during the first 12-months of treatment). Analyses sought to identify circumstances associated with LAIB discontinuation and data were further situated within a framework of ‘evidence making intervention’ and associated ‘matters-of-concern’. Matters-of-concern relate to the ways in which an intervention is ‘made’ and constructed through engagement and practice, from the perspective of the recipient. FindingsIn this study, participants experienced either ‘discontinuation of LAIB prescriptions by treatment services’ or patient-led ‘opt-out’ from treatment. Matters-of-concern underlying the former were associated with late attendance for scheduled appointments, non-prescribed substance use or receiving a custodial sentence. Matters-of-concern relating to patient-initiated discontinuation were associated with personal circumstances that affected treatment motivation, side-effects (of buprenorphine), a preference to resume heroin use, or because individual treatment goals had been achieved. ConclusionThe assorted matters-of-concern that influence discontinuation of LAIB demonstrate that such OAT is complex and multi-faceted, is neither fixed nor stable, and does not generate universally shared outcome. Experiences of LAIB discontinuation are shaped by a wide range of social, temporal and treatment-related effects that include disconnected therapeutic alliance between patient and treatment providers. In order to maximise the benefits of LAIB it is necessary to develop meaningful therapeutic alliances (notwithstanding policy boundaries) to enable exploration of matters-of-concern during treatment.

FORMATION OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF POPULATION MIGRATION PROCESSES DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ESSAY

Introduction. The article highlights the process of forming the foundations of international legal regulation of population migration processes due to environmental factors, defining its main stages and identifying the specifics of relevant international legal sources inherent in each period. Summary of the main results of the study. It is noted that natural changes and ecological disasters, which made it impossible for groups of people to live in the area of their traditional residence, from ancient times caused mass migrations to areas more suitable for living, yet the basis of international legal regulation of the processes of population migration due to environmental factors is only a development international organizations during the 20s of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century. With certain caveats, we can single out three main stages of this process: 1) the preparatory stage of the functioning of the League of Nations, when the international legal foundations for regulating the status of refugees in general were laid; 2) the stage of improvement of the international legal basis for solving migration problems (without specifically distinguishing migration for environmental reasons), which chronologically covered the second half of the 40s - the beginning of the 70s of the last century; 3) the stage of development of international legal acts, which already reflect an understanding of the relationship between acute environmental problems and migration processes, as well as provide for certain measures aimed at protecting the rights of environmental migrants. The last stage is still ongoing. Conclusion. The conclusion that population migration due to environmental factors is a complex international phenomenon that poses a number of important tasks to the world community is substantiated. To meet the needs of the legal regulation of ecological population migration at the universal level, a certain regulatory framework has already been formed, which, however, still needs improvement. The urgency of codifying international legal norms aimed at obtaining a detailed assessment of the state of the environment and migration flows, regulation of migration processes due to environmental factors and protection of the rights of environmental migrants is also gradually increasing. However, at present such activity can be considered only as a perspective.

Международное медицинское образовательное пространство в условиях цифровой цивилизации

A modern university is a place where meanings are created. These meanings are transmitted primarily through the uni-versity's website, through social networks, where the university is represented. To put it in marketing terms, it is through digital re-sources that the university is looking for clients-students. And this is where educational, scientific, and commercial interests intersect, which makes it fundamentally important to universalize ethical requirements for all participants in this process. At the same time, digi-tal transformation is becoming an objective necessity for the development of education and the formation of a client base for the future, as well as for maintaining contacts with students' parents and graduates. And it is those universities that get involved in this process faster and better that will benefit. The university's website is the main resource where its meanings are broadcast and moral stories are objectified. Aim: to clarify the concept of digitalization of medical education as an international phenomenon regulated by general ethi-cal and social requirements. To date, there is no universally accepted definition of such a concept as digitalization of medical education, since this term is a rather complex multifaceted phenomenon.We are considering medical education, the possibility of obtaining it using digital technologies, analyzing the volume of built-in digital education, its feasibility and relevance. The website is the main resource of the university in terms of marketing, information, education and regulatory regulation of the entire learning process. Special requirements are imposed on its form and content in the situ-ation of teaching medical students in a foreign language environment.

Foreign market expansion of ecosystems: a process model

ABSTRACT Ecosystems of actors that need to interact to create value for end users are becoming an integral part of firms’ strategic realities as they reach new markets. However, the phenomenon of ecosystem internationalisation has not been explored in comparison to its practical prevalence. We conceptualise this phenomenon as agent-led structuration on new markets. We build on the structural ecosystem literature and literature on internationalisation challenges to create our recursive process model of ecosystem creation on foreign markets. Creating ecosystems on foreign markets necessitates new ecosystem structures that are adjusted to value propositions by orchestrators through interaction with foreign market actors. The model explains how ecosystem orchestrators drive the international expansion of ecosystems through blueprinting and aligning mechanisms and how these mechanisms help manage liabilities of foreignness. The model accounts for the agency of involved actors, and with the help of the bottleneck concept bridges international business and ecosystem literatures.

“The Idea of Sports is Pure and Noble”: Internationalism, Zionism and the Formation of a Global Universal Language

Bridging the gap between international history, which often sees modern sport’s ideals as mere background noise masking economic or political motives, and philosophical and theoretical perspectives, which delve into the aesthetic appeal of sports, this article focuses on the interplay between the universal, ethical, and the spectacle of sports within Hebrew Culture in Palestine. Against the backdrop of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, the globalization of sports during the interwar period, and the emergence of FIFA and the IOC, it illustrates the growing influence of universal sports ideals within Zionist ultra-national revolutionary culture. By reassessing the mechanisms behind one of the most significant international phenomena of the twentieth century, and exploring the origins of inherent connection between physical activity, mega sporting events, and pseudo-religious discourse, this article offers a nuanced discussion on internationalism and globalization, particularly pertinent in our contemporary era, highlighted by the 2022 World Cup in Qatar and ongoing debates surrounding human rights violations in the name of sports.

Potential, Challenges and Prospects: Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malang Raya

This research aims to investigate issues related to the phenomenon of internationalization of SMEs in Malang Raya, analyze the potential and challenges faced, and formulate future prospects. The method used in this research is qualitative phenomenology. The results of this research are that internationalization has become an important strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in various parts of the world, including in Malang Raya. Malang Raya, with its rapidly growing economic potential and product diversity, offers great opportunities for SMEs to expand their market reach to an international level. However, to achieve success in internationalization, SMEs in Malang Raya are faced with various challenges, including capital issues, human resource management, technology and market access.
 

Government Policy in Tackling Illegal Foreign Worker Issues in Indonesia: Complexity, Uncertainty and Divergence

The influx of illegal foreign workers to Indonesia is one of the fundamental issues which has become serious concern for the Indonesian government. Debates on the international migration phenomena ccontribute to an increasing number of the illegal foreign workers issue. This qualitative research analyses the foreign worker issues in Indonesia by the document analysis from government policies from 2015 to 2018, organizational reports, and journal articles. This study examines the wickedness of the illegal foreign workers issues in Indonesia based on the Brian Head's wicked problem concept. This study discusses the characteristics of wicked problems: complexity, uncertainty, and divergence in illegal foreign worker issues in Indonesia. The study finds the illegal foreign worker issues in Indonesia are only resolved by the law enforcement taskforce among agencies in relation to collaboration, cooperation and national security. A conceptual framework is proposed the immigration enforcement team is urged to improve the use of technology, citizen participation, interagency partnership, equipment, vehicles and boats. Further research extends the involvement of citizen’s participation and the use of technology in enforcing the immigration law and handling the illegal foreign workers.

Nursing students' experience of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement

Problem or backgroundBullying is a recognised problem in nursing. Nursing students are particularly vulnerable. Bullying and harassment of nursing students can be detrimental to both students and recipients of care. AimThis study aims to identify the incidence and nature of bullying and/or harassment experienced by nursing students in Sri Lanka. MethodsA cross-sectional survey consisting of eight demographic questions and 15 items specific to the experience of bullying and harassment was administered to nursing students online. FindingsA total of 656 students from 26 nursing education institutions in Sri Lanka participated. The majority were female with a mean age of 24.4 years. More than a quarter of respondents reported that they had experienced bullying and/or harassment while on clinical placement, with a further 16.7 % being unsure. Most bullying or harassment (55 %) occurred in hospitals with 29 % experienced in community settings. Registered nurses, including nurse managers and clinical facilitators were the most common perpetrators. Verbal abuse was the most frequent type of behaviour reported. DiscussionThese findings support existing literature that indicates that bullying of nursing students is an international phenomenon. The context of this study provides clues as to how culture may influence the problem. There is a need to better understand bullying and harassment in the environments in which it occurs, in order to identify strategies that can bridge cultures and settings. ConclusionThe incidence of bullying and harassment of nursing students in Sri Lanka is concerning. Further research is needed to identify and evaluate targeted strategies to help prevent negative outcomes in all nursing contexts.

Organizational Capital and New Ventures' Early Internationalization. The Case of Polish IT/ICT Start-Ups

The paper evaluates the phenomenon of early internationalization from the resource-competence-based theory viewpoint. At the same time, the conclusions are based on primary research results conducted on 220 Polish start-ups. Our study only confirmed that the start-ups’ organizational culture, based on employees’ financial support in acquiring new knowledge, and the start-up’s planned international strategy play a crucial role in IT/ICT start-ups’ early internationalization. Our study primarily contributed to the scientific discussion of start-up organizational capital and its role in the process of early internationalization. In the managerial field, our research implication for practitioners is that they should primarily focus on creating the right conditions for their employees to develop knowledge, which can consequently strengthen strategy creation processes.

Navigating competing goals for language in curricularized school settings: Lessons from teachers of multilingual students

AbstractAs an international phenomenon, standardization has become increasingly prominent, and language has been curricularized through learning progressions, curricula, and high‐stakes assessments. Curricularized systems exist in tension with what we know about how individuals develop language. As scholars have asserted, language development is mediated by students’ motivation, investment, and agency, suggesting that learners’ goals and purposes for communication are key drivers of language learning. A contradiction therefore exists in institutionalized language teaching: How can curricularized goals—that, by definition, are not created for individual students—be negotiated such that students’ own language goals and curricularized ones work together rather than in opposition? We take up recent calls for teacher‐informed research and use qualitative case‐study and constructivist grounded theory to synthesize insights from a set of US elementary teachers teaching in English‐medium classrooms. We engaged in an inquiry‐based professional development initiative with these teachers to explore how they address students’ purposes and goals for language use in the context of the curricularization that takes place in schools. Findings suggest a complex and interdependent set of instructional practices that form a possible pedagogical model that navigates expectations found in curricularized classroom settings with multilingual students.

Mobile Keynesianism: Linking policy mobility and state transformation in New Zealand, 1930–70

AbstractThe study of policy mobility has revealed the rich geographical life of policy, demonstrating the very real ways in which policy enacted in one place often references policy enacted elsewhere, and how in doing so, it changes and evolves as it is constantly adopted and adapted. One of its contributions has been the elaboration of neoliberalism as an interconnected process of neoliberalisation producing its variegated geography. But the policy settlement that neoliberalism replaced in the capitalist world, Keynesianism, is still approached in comparative or institutional terms rather than as a process. Applying a policy mobility lens to the study of Keynesianism is an opportunity to correct this. But this historical case is also an opportunity to consider policy mobility anew. Drawing on the relational urbanism that also contributed to policy mobility studies, this paper builds on topological approaches to argue for analysing mobile policy as a consequence and cause of the reworking of relations between and within policy territories. Using the Keynesian policy shift that occurred in New Zealand between 1930 and 1970 as a case study, it shows how relations were transformed but ongoing, and these transformations are both driven by and a consequence of mobile policies; that Keynesianism as an international phenomenon was a reworking of relations necessarily both between and within territories; and that Keynesianism produced a space of technical expertise and authority that continues to shape policy today.