International Partnership Program Research Articles

An international partnership between a Canadian and Brazilian University: A descriptive report

Post-secondary programs in health are strengthened when curricula and experiences are internationalized. Internationalization encourages students to think, advocate and practice globally; thus, preparing graduates to contribute to health beyond geo-political borders. However, designing and supporting international experiences in undergraduate health curricula can be challenging due to time and resource constraints, costs, language barriers, and collaborative processes within and across organizations; thus, internationalization is not easily achieved. The purpose of this report is to describe an initiative aimed at supporting undergraduate nursing student experiences in an international partnership program between a Brazilian and Canadian university. First, we describe the project. Second, we present the context of the two partnering undergraduate nursing programs and their respective communities. Third, students from each school describe their experiences with the initiative. Fourth, we integrate our experiences with literature to offer three lessons for moving forward using a framework of resource allocation, fair trade learning, and decolonized competencies. Our report is timely as worldwide, universities are eager to build collaborative partnerships with stakeholders to implement internationalization within curricula. Such partnerships can help students learn about health-related experiences for populations living in distinctive social inequality and inequities in accessing health services.

Prospects of CP violation in Λ decay with a polarized electron beam at the STCF* *Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1602200), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (2020RC3054) and the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (211134KYSB20200057)

Based on Monte Carlo (MC) events produced from a longitudinally-polarized electron beam, the sensitivity of the violation of Λ decay is studied using fast simulation software. In addition, the decay can be used to optimize the detector response using the interface provided by the fast simulation software. In the future, the STCF is expected to obtain 3.4 trillion events, and the statistical sensitivity of the violation of Λ decay via the process is expected to reach when the electron beam polarization is 80%.

Pitfalls and possibilities with international partnerships: An interview with Gun-Britt Wärvik, the Swedish coordinator of an international partnership program.

This paper is based on an interview with one of the principal leaders of an international partnership program between Ethiopia and Sweden, 2018-2022. The purpose of this interview is to deepen the understanding of these kinds of partnership, and to learn more about the possibilities and pitfalls of working in a joint program between national and cultural contexts. The interview was conducted with professor Gun-Britt Wärvik, the Swedish coordinator of the doctoral program between Addis Abeba University (AAU) and University of Gothenburg (GU). The interview results suggest that doctoral supervisory challenges were present as students often used concepts produced in cultural contexts that were foreign to their assigned supervisors. Additionally, the administrative burden was particularly challenging for the Ethiopian counterpart that coordinated the program. Overall, the program created many positive work opportunities for students, provided possibilities for staff of both universities to exercise supervision and examination of doctoral students and enriched international experiences for all involved.

Search for Majoron at the COMET experiment* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11335009), International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (113111KYSB20190035)

A new Goldstone particle named Majoron is introduced in order to explain the origin of neutrino mass via some new physics models assuming that neutrinos are Majorana particles. By expanding the signal region and using likelihood analysis, it becomes possible to search for Majoron using experiments originally designed to search for conversion. For the COMET experiment, the sensitivity of process is able to reach in Phase-I and in Phase-II. Meanwhile, the sensitivities to search for Majoron in future experiments are also discussed in this article.

381 Awardee Talk: Increasing the Sustainability of Beef Cattle Production Through Internationalization

Abstract Intelligent societies are built through education. Wisdom gained through scientific knowledge and discourse is necessary for spreading reliable information and building consensus among citizens of the six continents on earth. Internationalization empowers the fostering and discovery of novel techniques and resources that could solve contemporary issues assailing humankind’s prosperity, including sustainability, environmental pollution, and hunger. A community might have found solutions to problems other communities face; however, our failures of globalization postpone their resolution. Animal science is not immune to these failures. Livestock production could incorporate know-how from other communities, borrowing from experiences of student and faculty exchange and study abroad programs. The tremendous evolutionary aspects of ruminants’ digestive system allow them to thrive in diverse and sometimes inhospitable ecosystems and convert human-inedible resources into high-quality animal products for human consumption. Humankind relies on ruminants for energy and protein consumption, wool, and draft power. This symbiotic relationship has led to extreme production systems due to economy-of-scale factors and the availability of resources in some countries. But, other countries have relied on rustic, low-intrusive production systems that are more amenable to the environment and more conducive to sustainability. Therefore, breaking the boundaries across nations through international partnership programs will lead to sharing scientific knowledge and enhancing management programs essential to the long-term continuation of this human-ruminant symbiotic relationship within responsible animal welfare programs. Besides improving the communication among societies and spreading scientific advancements, such internationalization programs will shape students, i.e., the workforce of the future, into citizens of the world with accurate and helpful information about the language, culture, problems, and needs of other civilizations and how to enrich our likelihood and theirs. As a result, leaders of the many different nations worldwide can, once again, expand the frontiers of scientific knowledge in seeking sustainable, responsible, and affordable animal agriculture activities.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UKRAINE'S FTAA WITH THE EU FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics of the implementation of the FTAA + EU and the impact on trade sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The methodological base of the study is a combination of theoretical generalization, quantitative analysis, comparison, systematization, to identify opportunities and challenges from deepening integration with the EU for the development of Ukraine. Aspects of reforms and changes, according to the standards and requirements of the European community, are considered. It is emphasized that the adaptation reforms are carried out in three directions: export-import conditions, technical aspects and legal provisions. Each of these directions contains separate terms and conditions for aspects of international trade. The analysis identified key risks for the process of reforms and changes. Deepening Ukraine's integration into European society requires overcoming the country's development lag in various spheres of the economy, especially the harmonization of foreign trade processes and strengthening of positions on the world stage. Based on the analysis of the consequences of the implementation of the FTAA for the trade of Ukraine, key risks have been identified, such as: the need to change the assortment of exports, correcting asymmetries in the field of tariffs and duties (partially already done as of May 2022), the need to introduce tougher measures against corruption. A more detailed analysis of the implementation of the FTAA by sectors and players of the economy, where the term of influence is taken into account, is the basis for the development of international partnership policies and programs. With most changes in people's lives, which will even lead to an obvious positive in the future, the process of their implementation also has negative consequences. First of all, a significant result of radical transformations (accession to the EU, deepening of FTAFTA ties) will be achieved in the near future, and the work to achieve it requires urgent and large expenses.

Chapter 1 LHAASO Instruments and Detector technology * *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation in China (NSFC) (U2031103, U1831208, 11805209, 11775233), NSFC for Distinguished Young Scholars (12025502), the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2021YFSY0031) and the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (113111KYSB20170055)

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) (Fig. 1) is located at Mt. Haizi (4410 m a.s.l., 600 g/cm2, 29° 21’ 27.56” N, 100° 08’ 19.66” E) in Daocheng, Sichuan province, P.R. China. LHAASO consists of 1.3 km2 array (KM2A) of electromagnetic particle detectors (ED) and muon detectors (MD), a water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) with a total active area of 78,000 m2, 18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescopes (WFCTA) and a newly proposed electron-neutron detector array (ENDA) covering 10,000 m2. Each detector is synchronized with all the other through a clock synchronization network based on the White Rabbit protocol. The observatory includes an IT center which comprises the data acquisition system and trigger system, the data analysis facility. In this Chapter, all the above-mentioned components of LHAASO as well as infrastructure are described.

Double Agendas in International Partnership Programs: A case study from an Ethiopian University

ABSTRACT This paper explores the policy discourses underpinning an international higher education partnership involving a large Ethiopian university. Particular attention is given to a partnership programme established between an Ethiopian (EU) and a Norwegian (NU) university, and the main ideas and practices expressed and negotiated from an Ethiopian perspective. This study employs a theoretical framework based on critical policy analysis and a qualitative case study design using interviews and document analysis. The results illustrate how a loosely defined policy for international partnership in higher education frames the conditions and possibilities for this programme. Partnership in EU is based on policies that emphasise flexibility in various possibilities, but also with ambitions, foremost, to partner with a Northern university. In the EU, this partnership is viewed, mainly, as a means of academic growth and development while also convoluted with concerns about resource dilemmas and dependency. This partnership programme, therefore, appears to be based on contradictions from which a double agenda emerges: striving for mutuality versus avoiding dependency, and local needs versus global achievements.

Simulation of the gravitational wave frequency distribution of neutron star–black hole mergers* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11988101, 11773005, U2031203, U1631236, 11703001, U1731238, U1938117, 11725313, and 11721303), the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 114A11KYSB20160008), and the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0400702), and the Subsidy

LIGO-Virgo has observed the gravitational waves (GWs) from the coalescence of binary black hole (BBH) and binary neutron star (BNS) during O1 and O2, and the ones from NS-BH are expected to be hunted in the operating O3 run. The population properties and mass distribution of NS-BH mergers are poorly understood now, thus researchers simulated their chirp mass () distribution by a synthetic model, in which the BHs and NSs were inferred by LIGO-Virgo (O1/O2), and obtained the values in the range of . In this paper, we further simulate the GW frequency (f GW) distribution of NS-BH mergers by the above-stated synthetic model, with a basic binary system model through the Monte Carlo method. Our results predict that the median with 90% credible intervals is Hz in the case of Schwarzschild BH when the system just before merger, and this GW frequency is expected to increase several times in the merger stage, which is lying in the frequency band of LIGO-Virgo, i.e., about 15 Hz to a few kHz. Our results provide an important reference for hunting the NS-BH mergers by the on-going O3 run of LIGO-Virgo.

Fabrication of sulfur-doped cove-edged graphene nanoribbons on Au(111)* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51761135130, 61888102, and 21774076), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0305800 and 2019YFA0308500), the DFG EnhanceNano (Grant No. 391979941), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB30000000), the International Partnership

The on-surface synthesis from predesigned organic precursors can yield graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with atomically precise widths, edge terminations and dopants, which facilitate the tunning of their electronic structures. Here, we report the synthesis of novel sulfur-doped cove-edged GNRs (S-CGNRs) on Au(111) from a specifically designed precursor containing thiophene rings. Scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy measurements elucidate the formation of S-CGNRs through subsequent polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation, which further result in crosslinked branched structures. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy results reveal the conduction band minimum of the S-CGNR locates at 1.2 eV. First-principles calculations show that the S-CGNR possesses an energy bandgap of 1.17 eV, which is evidently smaller than that of an undoped cove-edged GNR (1.7 eV), suggesting effective tuning of the bandgap by introducing sulfur atoms. Further increasing the coverage of precursors close to a monolayer results in the formation of linear-shaped S-CGNRs. The fabrication of S-CGNRs provides one more candidate in the GNR toolbox and promotes the future applications of heteroatom-doped graphene nanostructures.

Non-Monotonic Evolution of Carrier Density and Mobility under Thermal Cycling Treatments in Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2 MicrobeltsSupported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0401003), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11804340, 11774353, U19A2093, and U1732274), and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of China.

Tunable carrier density plays a key role in the investigation of novel transport properties in three-dimensional topological semimetals. We demonstrate that the carrier density, as well as the mobility, of Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 nanoplates can be effectively tuned via in situ thermal treatment at 350 K for one hour, resulting in non-monotonic evolution by virtue of the thermal cycling treatments. The upward shift of Fermi level relative to the Dirac nodes blurs the surface Fermi-arc states, accompanied by an anomalous phase shift in the oscillations of bulk states, due to a change in the topology of the electrons. Meanwhile, the oscillation peaks of bulk longitudinal magnetoresistivity shift at high fields, due to their coupling to the oscillations of the surface Fermi-arc states. Our work provides a thermal control mechanism for the manipulation of quantum states in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 at high temperatures, via their carrier density.

NBN-doped nanographene embedded with five- and seven-membered rings on Au(111) surface* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51761135130 and 61888102), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0305800 and 2019YFA0308500), DFG EnhanceNano (Grant No. 391979941), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB30000000), the International Partnership Program

Nanographenes (NGs) can be embedded with predesigned dopants or nonhexagonal rings to tailor the electronic properties and provide ideal platforms to study the unique physical and chemical properties. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of NBN-doped NG embedded with five- and seven-membered rings (NBN-575-NG) on Au(111) from a oligophenylene precursor preinstalled with a NBN unit and a heptagonal ring. Scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy images elucidate the intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation and the existence of the five- and seven-membered rings. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy spectra reveal that the NBN-575-NG is a semiconductor, which agrees with the density functional theory calculation results on a freestanding NBN-575-NG with the same structure. This work provides a feasible approach for the on-surface synthesis of novel NGs containing non-hexagonal rings.

A Comparison of Classroom Management Between NEST and NNEST in an International Partnership Program

A Comparison of Classroom Management Between NEST and NNEST in an International Partnership Program

The Seosan Park Cheomji Nori as Example of the Republic of Korea’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding at Regional Level

The author presents results of a research conducted during a five-month study visit to the National Folk Museum of Korea in 2017 as a part of the International Partnership Program for Cultural Partnership Initiative (CPI) of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea. The objective of this visit was to study the Korean system of safeguarding their intangible heritage as well as its effects at the institutional and communal level. The paper deals with the latter and focuses on practices of safeguarding the local specific puppet play Park Cheomji Nori, which has been included into the regional Register of the intangible cultural heritage.

Collaborating with an international partner institution to mitigate the cost of course textbooks

This study describes an initiative to improve textbook access and affordability for students in the University at Buffalo’s international partnership program with the Singapore Institute of Management. This undertaking has provided free electronic access to scores of textbooks, affecting thousands of students, and potentially saving them hundreds of thousands of dollars. It has also given rise to the adoption of open educational resources among program faculty. To gain a greater understanding of the initiative’s strengths, weaknesses, and impact, the author administered a survey of students over the course of two academic terms. The resulting data showed a majority of respondents who reported an increase in course satisfaction, and who indicated that free access to electronic textbooks may have an indirect impact on their future course selections. It also showed a surprisingly high percentage of respondents who reported their perception of a learning benefit associated with free electronic access to course texts.

High-Pressure Ultrafast Dynamics in Sr2IrO4: Pressure-Induced Phonon Bottleneck Effect**Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0303603, 2016YFA0300303, 2018YFA0305703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774408, 11574383, 11874075, U1530402), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000), the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. GJHZ1826, GJHZ1403),

By integrating pump-probe ultrafast spectroscopy with diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique, we demonstrate a time-resolved ultrafast dynamics study on non-equilibrium quasiparticle (QP) states in Sr2IrO4 under high pressure. On-site in situ condition is realized, where both the sample and DAC have fixed position during the experiment. The QP dynamics exhibits a salient pressure-induced phonon bottleneck feature at 20 GPa, which corresponds to a gap shrinkage in the electronic structure. A structural transition is also observed at 32 GPa. In addition, the slowest relaxation component reveals possible heat diffusion or pressure-controlled local spin fluctuation associated with the gap shrinkage. Our work enables precise pressure dependence investigations of ultrafast dynamics, paving the way for reliable studies of high-pressure excited state physics.

Airway Relaxation Mechanisms and Structural Basis of Osthole to Improve Lung Function in Asthma

Background and objectiveOveruse of β2‐adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilators causes receptor desensitization, resulting in decreased efficacy and an increased risk of death in asthma patients. This is a critical unmet problem in asthma management, and novel drugs are urgently needed. Here, we report that osthole, a coumarin derived from a traditional Chinese medicine, induces complete relaxation of preconstricted airways in mouse precision‐cut lung slices, irrespective of β2‐adrenoceptor desensitization.MethodsMouse precision‐cut lung slices as an in vitro model were used to analyze airway relaxation. The cAMP level in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) or HEK293 cells was determined by phosphorylation of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein using Western blot or cAMP dependent reporter luciferase assay. The secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in ASM cells or lung slices was measured by ELISA assay. The effect of osthole on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured in both house dust mite (HDM)‐sensitized mice and naïve regulator of G‐protein signaling 2 (RGS2) KO mice. The binding sites of osthole with PDE4D5 catalytic domain were analyzed by crystallization and X‐ray diffraction.ResultsOsthole administered in vivo ameliorates AHR, a hallmark of asthma, in murine asthma models. Mechanistic studies revealed that osthole inhibits phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) activity to amplify endogenous PGE2 signaling in ASM cells, which eventually triggers cAMP/protein kinase A‐dependent relaxation of airways. The crystal structure of the PDE4D complexed with osthole reveals that osthole binds to the catalytic site to prevent cAMP binding and hydrolysis. Together, our studies elucidate a specific molecular target and mechanism by which osthole induces airway relaxation.ConclusionIdentification of osthole binding sites on PDE4D will guide further development of novel therapeutics for β2‐adrenoceptor agonist‐resistant asthma.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (R01HL116849) and Nebraska State LB595 Research Program, USA; the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and the Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams; the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0205501); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21777192 and 31500623)

Constraints on the kinetic energy of type-Ic supernova explosion from young PSR J1906 + 0746 in a double neutron star candidate* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1938117, U1731238, 11703003, and 11647114), the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 114A11KYSB20160008), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant

So far among the nineteen pairs of detected double neutron star (DNS) systems, it is a usual fact that the first-born recycled pulsar is detected, however the youngest DNS system PSR J1906+0746, with the characteristic age of 113 kyr, is one of the three detected DNS as a non-recycled and second-born NS, which is believed to be formed by an electron capture or a low energy ultra-stripped iron core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion. The SN remnant around PSR J1906+0746 is too dim to be observed by optical telescopes, then its x-ray flux limit has been given by Chandra. A reference pulsar PSR J1509-5850 with the young characteristic age of 154 kyr was chosen as an object of comparison, which has an SN remnant observed by Chandra and is believed to be formed by iron core SN explosion. We impose a restriction on the maximum kinetic energy of electron-capture (EC) SN explosion that induces the formation of PSR J1906+0746. The estimated result is (4–8)×1050 erg (1 erg = 10−7 J), which is consistent with that of the published simulations of the EC process, i.e., a lower value than that of the conventional iron core SN explosion of (1–2) × 1051 erg. As suggested, EC process for NS formation is pertained to the subluminous type Ic SN by the helium star with ONeMg core, thus for the first time we derived the kinetic energy of EC SN explosion of DNS, which may be reconciled with the recent observation of type Ic SN 2014ft with kinetic energy of 2 × 1050 erg.

Slow Vortex Creep Induced by Strong Grain Boundary Pinning in Advanced Ba122 Superconducting Tapes**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51402292 and 51677179, the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos GJHZ1775 and 182111KYSB20160014, the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No

We report the temperature, magnetic field and time dependences of magnetization in advanced Ba122 superconducting tapes. The sample exhibits peculiar vortex creep behavior. Below 10 K, the normalized magnetization relaxation rate S = dln(−M)/dln(t) shows a temperature-insensitive plateau with a value comparable to that of low-temperature superconductors, which can be explained within the framework of collective creep theory. It then enters into a second collective creep regime when the temperature increases. Interestingly, the relaxation rate below 20K tends to reach saturation with increasing the field. However, it changes to a power law dependence on the field at a higher temperature. A vortex phase diagram composed of the collective and the plastic creep regions is shown. Benefiting from the strong grain boundary pinning, the advanced Ba122 superconducting tape has potential to be applied not only in liquid helium but also in liquid hydrogen or at temperatures accessible with cryocoolers.

Minocycline Hydrochloride Loaded Graphene Oxide Enables Enhanced Osteogenic Activity in the Presence of Gram-Positive Bacteria

Background: Implant failures still occur due to bacterial infections and insufficient bone-implant osseointegration. Therefore, biomaterials possessing both superior antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity are urgently needed to conquer these disadvantages. Methods: In this work, graphene oxide (GO) films loaded with minocycline hydrochloride (MH) were fabricated on the titanium implant surfaces, and the antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity were investigated in the presence of S. aureus and rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) under in vitro and in vivo environments, respectively. MH loaded GO films on titanium surfaces (M@GO-Ti) exhibited enhanced osteogenic activity in vitro with improved alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and enhanced expressions of osteogenic related genes including ALP, collagen-I, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. In vitro results of co-culture of rBMSCs and S. aureus indicated that the rBMSCs grew well on M@GO-Ti sample with higher coverage of cells and the bacteria were almost unable to observe on the surface. In the in vivo experiments, the M@GO-Ti exhibited excellent antibacterial and osteogenic activities with the presence of S. aureus. No inflammatory cells e.g. neutrophils were found and superior bone-implant integration was obtained. Interpretation: with the superior antibacterial activity, M@GO-Ti could kill the bacteria and establish a proper tissue microenvironment for bone-implant osseointegration, which makes rBMSCs adhere and grow well on M@GO-Ti. Then, with the synergistic effect of inducing osteogenic differentiation capability of MH and GO, M@GO-Ti surface presented enhanced osteogenic activity to bone cells that resulted in superior bone-implant integration in vivo. This study offers a clinical solution to tackle the problems of inferior bone-implant osseointegration and implant-related bacterial infections simultaneously. Funding Statement: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51831011). National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (51525207). Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1426700). Scientific Research Project of Science and Technology Commission of Xuhui Municipality (SHXH201613). International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (GJHZ1850). Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (18410760600). Scientific Research Project of Xuhui Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning (SHXH201706). Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7161001). Declaration of Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Experiment Committee of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University.