International Institute For Management Development Research Articles

FACTORS THAT EFFECT EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY WITH WORK COMPETENCY AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT FOOD AND BEVERAGE MSMEs IN BATAM

Labour is one of the most important things in measuring the competitiveness of a country. Indonesia's workforce is ranked 51 out of 63 studied by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in the World Talent Ranking in 2022. This can be seen based on statistical data on the level of labour productivity released in 2022 by the ILOSTAT (International Labor Organization) agency that Indonesia is still in 107th place out of 185 countries at US $ 13.1 per hour. This study was conducted to examine the effect of work discipline and work motivation on employee productivity with work competence as mediation in Food and Beverage MSMEs in Batam. The research method used is a quantitative approach. The research collected respondents using a questionnaire method through gform for 400 samples. The data were analyzed using SPSS to analyze descriptive data and Smart PLS to test research hypotheses. The results showed that the variables of work discipline and work motivation directly affect employee productivity and indirectly affect through work competency.

Fuzzy Algorithm Applied to Factors Influencing Competitiveness: A Case Study of Brazil and Peru through Affinities Theory

Innovation plays a crucial role in the economy of nations worldwide. In Latin America, countries foster competitiveness through public and private incentives to support innovation. Moreover, entrepreneurship incentives seek to improve countries’ performance, although factors such as low business growth rates and informality can compromise it. Despite the efforts, there are several difficulties in achieving competitiveness, and few studies in developing countries. Therefore, the article explores the relationship between the factors that influence competitiveness, especially the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in Brazil and Peru. The research uses quantitative-qualitative methodology through modeling and simulation and a case study. The authors use the Affinities Theory to verify the relationship between the indicators that make up the competitiveness landscape and its most significant and attractive factors, adapting the methodology established by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Competitiveness ranking. As a result, this algorithm allows us to know the relationships between five factors of economic attractiveness and four competitiveness indicators. As its main contributions, the study advances the frontier of knowledge about innovation and entrepreneurship, as few studies explore competitiveness in developing countries. Also, it offers a detailed explanation of the application of this algorithm, allowing researchers to reproduce this methodology in other scenarios. Practically, it might support policymakers in formulating development strategies and stimuli for business competitiveness. In addition, academic and business leaders can strengthen university-business collaboration with applied research in innovation and entrepreneurship. One limitation would be the number of countries participating in the research. The authors suggest future lines of research.

Quantile-based PLS-SEM with bag of little bootstraps

Recently, quantile-based structural equation model has enjoyed increasing popularity in various fields and applications. As we know, structural equation model consists of structural model and measurement model in total. In our quantile-based measurement model, the observed variables are considered to be manifestations of an underlying construct with changing relationships going from the latent variable to its observed variables at different quantiles. Based on our model, we propose a quantile-based partial least square algorithm with bag of little bootstraps. All of our model and algorithm are compared to our quantile-based partial least square algorithms with traditional bootstrap in simulations, and applied to part of IMD (International Institute for Management Development) World Competitiveness Yearbook datasets.

The Smart City as Policy Concept in the Arab World: A Critical Research into the Strategic Visions of Urban Development in Abu Dhabi

This article reviews the smart city as a policy concept in Abu Dhabi. It conceptualizes smart city development goals into urban and extra-urban and review smart city development programmes in terms of ex-post and ex-ante. Extra-urban refers to development goals that go beyond the spatial or conceptual boundaries of the city. This will help to demonstrate how the pursuit of extra-urban may compromise the attainment of urban development goals. The paper uses Abu Dhabi as the frontline city in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in the race to attain the smart city status, having led consistently in the McKinsey Global Institute poll of 2018 and the global indexing exercises conducted by the International Institute for Management Development and Singapore University of Technology and Design in 2020 and 2021. The study has used qualitative document analysis method to review policy documents regarding the smartification initiatives in Abu Dhabi. The analysis reveals that ex-post programmes are more urban dweller oriented or urban centred with programmes involving the digitization of government services and free Wi-Fi connectivity in public transport, while ex-ante smartification programmes (as seen in the development of Masdar city) tend to be extra-urban, elitist and global in nature but do not take into account social sustainability.

SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA FROM THE ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

From the aspect of sustainable competitiveness, which emphasizes productivity as the basis of prosperity and long-term growth while ensuring the sustainability of society and the environment, the competitiveness of countries was analyzed based on annual reports of the World Economic Forum, International Institute for Management Development and the World Bank. Indicators that we believe best reflect the country's potential for promoting sustainable development and lead to a faster approach of Serbia to the most competitive national economies with joint engagement at the state, regional and local levels, including households, have been singled out. In order to determine the impact of consumer behavior on the environment, in our research we applied the life cycle assessment method (LCA) and analyzed 15 environmental indicators. In accordance with the obtained results, we have defined recommendations for increasing the sustainable competitiveness of the Serbian economy, having in mind the behavior of consumers and possible reduction of their impact on the environment, from the aspect of more economical use of electricity, reduction of biowaste and continuous education of the population. educational process and appropriate legal regulations.

Assessment of innovative potential of "smart" technologies in AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The aim – is to assess innovative potential based on data of the annual reports of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum (GCI WEF) and identify directions of the “smart” strategy for the development of AIC of Kazakhstan. Methods – for comparative analysis, the official information of the bulletins of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On innovative activities of enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Key indicators of research and development works in the RK for 2011-2020", reports of the SEC WEF were used. Results – it is noted that important criterion affecting the competitiveness of the country's agricultural sector is its innovative activity, high-tech production. To achieve these goals, the following is necessary: sufficient investment in R & D; the presence of effective research institutions that generate knowledge for the creation of new technologies; diversified business cooperation; integration of education, science and practice; intellectual property protection. The article considers the results of the GCI WEF rating by the factor "innovative potential", comparative analysis of the initial indicators and domestic statistics. The main guidelines and key characteristics of the model of the "smart" concept of the effective functioning of the industry are indicated: digitalization, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of results according to pre-developed methodology, quantitative and qualitative parameters, decisions on investing funds in projects do not depend on the source of investment. Conclusions – it is advisable to use alternative results of world rankings, in particular, Global Innovation Index and the world competitiveness ranking of the International Institute of Management (IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook - IMDWCY), International Institute for Management Development, Lausanne, Switzerland (IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook – IMD WCY).

The Interplay between Digitalization and Competitiveness: Evidence from European Countries

In modern societies, digitalization plays a tremendously important role for people and businesses. Apart from an economic representation, competitiveness characterizes a society from political, cultural, or human points of view. In this article, we aim to highlight the role of digital development from a competitiveness perspective, as there are few studies related to this relationship. The empirical investigation is based on panel data analysis for European Union countries for 2017–2022, considering the digital economy and society index (DESI) and the index developed by International Institute for Management Development (IMD), respectively IMD world competitiveness index. The results obtained are reported both for general indices and for the components of DESI, presented separately for the groups of Central and Eastern European countries and Western European countries. They indicate different influences for the two groups of countries, with only a few common aspects. The most obvious is the case of skilled labor. This aspect demonstrates the link between the various dimensions of digitalization and changes in human capital development strategies, as they appear in the specialized literature.

Competitiveness of the Polish Economy in Comparison with the Economies of the Visegrád Group in years 2015-2019

The aim of the study is to present an assessment of the international competitive position and development of competitiveness of Polish economy compared to the Visegrád Group countries in years 2015-2019, and to identify the key indicators that formed those aforementioned. The data used for the analysis come from the reports published by International Institute for Management Development and World Economic Forum. On the basis of the assessment, it can be concluded that in the time considered Polish economy was the second most competitive among the Visegrád Group economies, behind the Czech economy, which was determined primarily by criteria assessing business dynamism, institutions, as well as public finance, and health and environment.

Literature Review on A Nation Competitiveness

Competitiveness is a relatively new field of economic knowledge. The concept of competitiveness has developed rapidly since the 1980s. The aim of this study is to review theories on how to assess a nation competitiveness. This study used literature review encompassing articles, journals, and books in relation to competitiveness. The result of this study shows that the scientific approach to measuring and analyzing competitiveness can be conducted through qualitative and quantitative approaches, namely modeling approach, indicator approach, and weighted summation approach. The size of the competitiveness index with a weighting system has been used in global competitiveness report made by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF).

IDENTIFICATION PRIORITY AREAS OF TRADE FACILITATION TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN TRADE

Currently global economic characterized such trends as increased geopolitical tensions and the expansion of the protectionist measures in the regulation of trade by the world biggest economies. An additional factor that seriously slowed down the global economy growth was the COVID-19 pandemic. These crisis effects provide opportunities for re-engineering the structure of global value chains and development Russian foreign trade. Based on the statistical data contained in the ratings and reports periodically published by the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Institute for Management Development, the author identified the main problem areas that impede the conduct of foreign economic activity in Russia as well as barriers of the cross-border movement of goods. The integrated trade facilitation index for Russia was calculated having regard of above mentioned problem areas and barriers. The index characterizes the state of identified problem areas and barriers in relation to 121 countries. The main directions of trade facilitation to stimulate foreign trade and the integration of Russian manufacturers into the global value chains are proposed based on the factor analysis carried out on the basis of the integrated trade facilitation index variables.

Development of the evaluation model for national innovation capability

ABSTRACT Science and technology has become a key element in determining the future of national innovation competitiveness. For enhancing the national technology innovation competitiveness, an accurate assessment of the national technology innovation capability is required. National innovation competitiveness has been assessed by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) and the World Economic Forum internationally; however, a comprehensive and systematic analysis is lacking. Classification and ranking belief simplex (CaRBS) is based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence, which allows for a measure of ignorance. A simplex plot method of representing data allows a clear visual representation to the degree of interaction of the support from the variables to the prediction of the objects. To illustrate the proposed approach, CaRBS is applied to the survey data from OECD, IMD, USPTO, ITU and surveyed data reported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning. As a result, Finland is the highest national innovation capability country among 20 OECD countries. The proposed approach is expected to be useful for evaluating national innovation capability and innovation policymaking.

25-year cycle evolution theory: relationship between German economic development mode and human resource management innovation after World War II

After the Second World War, Germany created the economic miracle by improve its economic development model, triggered many rounds of climax of management innovation. In 2011, some scholars proposed the 25-year cycle evolution theory. This paper review and analyses the German transformation of economic development mode and the history of the human resources management innovation in the last century. Then the study finds out the periodic features in the Germany case and deduces the 25-year cycle evolution theory and its role of the transmission mechanism. Finally, to represent the level of human resources management innovation, the study process the data of IMD World Talent Report conducted by International Institute for Management Development, and generated the human resources management innovation index. Moreover, to represent its economic development level, the study generates the GDP growth rate conversion index from the German historical GDP data. Meanwhile, the applied statistical test analysed the volatility characteristics and causation relationship between economic development and human resources management innovation. The empirical analysis also predicts the development trend in the future and verifies the rationality of the 25-year cycle evolution theory, and provides a solid mathematical foundation for further enriching the theory and its hypothesis.

A Competitiveness Analysis of the Beauty Service Industry in Korea, USA, Japan, Germany, UK and China

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the competitiveness of the beauty service industry among six major countries (Korea, USA, Japan, Germany, UK and China), in order to suggest the strategic growth direction of the Korea beauty service industry and the implications for entering the overseas markets. Design/Methodology/Approach This study analyzes the competitiveness of the beauty service industry in the aforementioned six countries using Michael Porter’s Diamond Model. In addition, the statistical data and the survey results from World Economic Forum (WEF), International Institute for Management Development (IMD), Industrial Statistics Analysis System (ISTANS) and Euromonitor are used to measure the competitiveness. Findings The major results show each of the six countries’ competitiveness characteristics in the beauty service industry. The USA has subdivided the qualifications system and implemented a qualification renewal system for voluntary education of experts. The UK offers different customer-focused services. Germany is improving its expertise based on labor-management culture. China is taking the lead in digitalization, and Japan is trying to enter overseas markets. In Korea, there is a weak qualification system and an imbalance in manpower supply. In order to overcome these weakness, it is urgent to prepare a strategic plan to apply the information and communication technology to the beauty service industry in Korea. Research Implications There have been few previous studies on the beauty service industry, even though the international interests of K-beauty and the growth potential for the beauty service are increasing. There is a need to enforce strategically the factor conditions in the Korea beauty service industry, which is currently labor-intensive. In addition, there is a need to create new business models for smart beauty service, recognizing the importance of digitalization of the service industry.

Socio-Economic Development of the Southern Russia Regions in the Industry 4.0: Achievements, Problems, Priorities

The article provides the comparative analysis of the current positions of the regional economic systems of the Southern Federal District (SFD) under the first phase of the fourth industrial revolution in Russia in the following key aspects: socio-economic situation, level of scientific, technological and innovative development, and digital transformation. The broad empirical basis of the study involves the reports of the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development, the World Intellectual Property Organization, official data from the Rosstat, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, the specialized studies of Russian and foreign analytical companies, research divisions of the Higher School of Economics, the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, the Leontief Center - AV Group Consortium, specialized associations, public organizations, which are summarized in the ranking tables with their subsequent analytical interpretation. The research concluded that, in line with the global trends, achieving high competitiveness by the SFD leading regions and keeping their advanced socio-economic position is supported by their advanced scientific, technological and innovative development, high level of digitalization in all spheres of life, broad application of information and communication technologies by households and organizations, and development of digital skills. In this regard, the author substantiates the necessity of forming a complementary system of human, material and natural, technical and technological, institutional, organizational and informational factors in all the SFD regions to provide the regional economy development in the context of the Industry 4.0 priorities.

THE ADOPTION AND USE OF NEW INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AT THE LEVEL OF CEE-EU COUNTRIES

This paper focuses on determining the current state of adoption of new information and communication technologies by the population of EU countries from the Central and Eastern parts of Europe (referred in the paper as CEE-EU countries). We have conducted a detailed analysis between Romania and Bulgaria because there are historical, geographical, political and economic similarities between these two neighbouring countries. In order to objectively reflect the results of the comparative analysis at the regional level, we have used the data provided by the World Economic Forum through the Competitiveness Index, the International Institute for Management Development through the Competitiveness Yearbook and the International Telecommunication Union through the ICT Development Index. The results of the comparative analysis reflect many regional disparities. At the same time, it can be noticed that both Romania and Bulgaria are the countries with the weakest results regarding the penetration rate of Internet accessibility in their populations, a fact which leads to a low degree of adaptability of the human capital to new information technologies and, implicitly, a low rate of adoption of the Internet in the sphere of business and public services. This is explained by the insufficient development of ICT infrastructure in the rural area, caused by numerous factors such as insufficient economic development and the low purchasing power of the population, but also by the relatively low level of education in ICT use. Although the influx of information and communication technologies occurred after the 1990s, namely at a time when even countries like Romania or Bulgaria were already part of the free market economy, the gaps recorded during the communist regime (economic, but especially socio-cultural), were apparently difficult to recover in the years to come, therefore this upsurge in information technology has been somewhat delayed in the South-Eastern area of Europe.

RETRACTED: Multivariate linear regression analysis on online image study for IoT

Abstract To improve the effectiveness of national image study on the “Belt and Road” countries in Central Asia, a national image study method based on the multivariate linear is proposed in this paper. First, the national competitiveness database of International Institute for Management Development (IMD) and World Economic Forum is adopted to construct the evaluation index system of the “Belt and Road” countries; second, the multivariate linear regression analysis method is introduced to analyze the evaluation index system model of the “Belt and Road” countries mentioned above; third, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through the simulation experiment.

Assessment of competitiveness in Ukraine and its regions measured by indicators of international trade (based on the methodology of IMD, Lausanne)

The research paper reveals the importance of maintaining the international trade at the appropriate level in order to ensure high competitiveness of countries and regions. On the basis of the methods developed by experts of the International Institute for Management Development (IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland), the author has presented an original approach to assessment of the international trade as a factor of competitiveness of countries and their regions. The competitiveness of Ukraine and its regions is assessed through key indicators of the international trade (balance of payments, exports and imports of goods / services, national currency rate, etc.). The article offers strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of Ukraine and its regions by improving the international trade, particularly by maintaining a positive trade balance, increasing the import-export ratio, harmonizing national technical standards to international ones, developing international tourism, benefiting from accession to the WTO and Ukraine-EU Association Agreement.

Benchmarking the competitiveness of the ASEAN 5 equity markets

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the competitiveness of the stock markets in ASEAN 5, which are the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), the Singapore Exchange (SGX), Bursa Malaysia (BM), the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE).Design/methodology/approach– This research applies Porter’s (1990) diamond model to analyze the competitiveness and the data were collected from World Economic Forum, International Institute for Management Development, the World Federation of Exchanges database, and DataStream.Findings– The results show that SGX is the most competitive exchange in ASEAN 5 region. It dominates other exchanges in every dimension. It gains its reputation for being the region’s most prominent exchange, followed by BM, SET, IDX, and the PSE, respectively.Practical implications– The results of this investigation provide rank for competitiveness of stock exchanges among ASEAN 5 and identify the way to improve its competitive position.Social implications– It is useful for public and private sectors involved in the development and policy making to promote funding and investment efficiency of the exchanges. It will be benefit to establish the well-planned development strategy and policy to build up the competitive advantage of the nations.Originality/value– Identifying and benchmarking the competitiveness of the stock markets in ASEAN economies. By using Diamond Model, the authors propose indicators to assess the competitiveness of the stock markets in ASEAN 5 countries. Assessing the competitiveness of the ASEAN stock markets in this paper will lead us to better understand about each country’s strengths and weaknesses and to promote a mutual collaboration among the region toward ASEAN Economic Community.

Composite indicators of labour market regulations in a comparative perspective

Abstract Technological progress and the internet brought about new possibilities of creating, storing, exchanging, replicating, and using various kinds of data for research. This paper discusses some of the dangers embedded into the reuse of data produced by some institutions by other institutions through the combination and aggregation of initial data into various data products. To this end, we use an example of labour market regulations’ indicators developed by the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), and the Fraser Institute, which are all partly based on the World Bank Employing Workers Indicator. We document how these three indicators compare and identify both their common and specific limitations. For each of these indicators, the choice of subcomponents and of aggregate techniques results in different pictures of labour market regulations, despite the use of the overlapping initial sources of data. Our comparative exercise calls for continuous efforts to improve the indicators of labour market regulations, as well as for cautious use of such indicators for research and policy advice. JEL codes: J00, J8, Y1

THE LEVEL OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN REGIONS

Within the processes of globalization and deepening of integration the development of all kinds of infrastructure is the most important approach to improve the competitiveness of Ukraine and its regions. The infrastructure not only plays a role of general stock base of the territory but it also has a significant impact on other sectors of Ukrainian economy, that’s why its regional evaluation and analysis are not only scientifically but also practically important. The aim of the article consists in assessment and analysis of competitive potential of Ukrainian regions infrastructure based on the methodology of International Institute for Management Development (IMD-Lausanne). According to IMD-Lausanne methodology the infrastructure is analyzed by subfactors of basic, technological and scientific infrastructure, health and environment and education. Taking into account infrastructure factors, we consider that leading positions in the ranking of Ukrainian regions competitiveness are occupied by Kyiv region which holds the first position in almost all subfactors and Kharkiv region which has a highly innovative infrastructure. Our and other researches show that the level of infrastructure development in most Ukrainian regions is insufficient (according to European standards). The establishment of a proper management mechanism to work with competitive potential will improve the infrastructure of Ukrainian regions.