International Industrial Transfer Research Articles

Empirical study on the relationship between economic growth and implied carbon emissions in Western China's undertaking of international industrial transfer.

In the macro context of global climate change, given the profound challenges that the intensifying greenhouse effect poses to global ecological balance and sustainable economic and social development, the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) is increasingly acknowledged, particularly regarding its dual impact on the environment: while serving as a catalyst for economic growth, it might also exacerbate carbon emissions in host countries. This paper focuses on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the western region (excluding Xizang) from 2006 to 2021, calculates the implied carbon of foreign-invested enterprises in the western region, and explores the relationship between the implied carbon of foreign-invested enterprises in the western region and the economic development of the western region. The results indicate that from 2006 to 2021, the implied net carbon value of import and export trade of foreign-invested enterprises in the western region was greater than zero and roughly exhibited an upward trend year by year. FDI has an environmental deficit in terms of carbon emissions in the western region; FDI in the western region has a significant positive effect on the implied carbon emissions in import and export trade; The GDP of the western region has a significant positive effect on the implied carbon emissions of import and export trade. Therefore, this article puts forward corresponding suggestions from five aspects: policy incentives and regulatory constraints, technology research and innovation drive, clean energy development and resource recycling, international cooperation and regional linkage, and public awareness enhancement and cultural advocacy.

How artificial intelligence affects international industrial transfer ——Evidence from industrial robot application

The development of high technology represented by artificial intelligence is an essential driver of international industrial transfer. Using country-industry-level industrial robot data and value-added trade data from 2002-2018, this paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of artificial intelligence on the international industrial transfer undertaken by a country (region). The study shows that the application of artificial intelligence can significantly enhance the international industrial transfer undertaken by a country (region). Further analysis shows that artificial intelligence positively affects international industry transfer through two channels: Improving the quality of labor force and promoting the level technological innovation. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that, first, from the economic development degree perspective, artificial intelligence's role in promoting developing economies is more substantial than that in developed economies. Second, the financial crisis has weakened the impact of artificial intelligence on international industrial transfer from the perspective of time division，especially in developing economies. Third, from the perspective of industry heterogeneity, artificial intelligence has significantly promoted the transfer of medium-low and medium-high technology industries. The research in this paper extends the analysis of the effect of artificial intelligence. It provides realistic insights for optimizing the strategic layout of the robotics industry, achieving industrial structure upgrading, optimizing resource allocation efficiency, and grasping the opportunities of global industrial chain restructuring.

Influence of international industrial transfer on the structural power of global value chain -Empirical evidence from manufacturing in RCEP Countries.

International industrial transfer (IIT) has spawned changes in the deep-seated structural power of value-added. We creatively construct an IIT index which includes both scale and direction, and constructs the structural power (SP) of value-added based on added value. Furthermore, based on 15 RECP countries from 1995 to 2018, this study uses a two-fixed-effect regression model to investigate the IIT on the structural power of value-added of RCEP countries. The results show that: (1) IIT can significantly promote the structural power of value-added of RCEP countries, and the benchmark regression conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests; (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that IIT has a more significant promoting effect on the structural power of value-added in developed countries than in developing countries and a more significant promoting effect on the structural power of value-added inward than on the structural power of value-added outward; (3) Intermediary mechanism test shows that IIT mainly affects the structural power of value-added through trade openness and foreign direct investment. The conclusions of this paper provide useful enlightenment for enhancing the structural power of manufacturing value-added in RCEP countries in the context of global value chain division.

Air pollutant emissions caused by receiving international industrial transfer in Southeast Asian developing countries from 1990 to 2018

Receiving international industrial transfer (mainly foreign direct investment, FDI) is extremely important for economic development but also brings negative environmental impacts for Southeast Asian developing countries (SEADCs). Due to relatively low labor costs and large market potential, SEADCs have become an attractive destination for industrial transfer after China, while studies were far from sufficient on the associated air pollutant emissions that would worsen air quality and threaten human health. We develop an exploratory framework to estimate the long-term trends of relevant air pollutant emissions in eight major SEADCs, including Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. During 1990–2018, the emissions generally show a fluctuating upward trend and increased significantly in Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, and Vietnam. The total emissions of CO, NMVOC, SO2, NOX, PM2.5, and NH3 from the eight SEADCs increased from 19.0, 4.3, 3.6, 1.5, 0.5, and 0.4 kilotons (kt) to 391.6, 260.9, 271.1, 182.4, 48.4, and 12.2 kt, respectively. The emission growth in almost all SEADCs accelerated after 2008 and faster than FDI growth. The disparities in emissions among SEADCs basically grew first and then declined to a level lower than that of 1990, but generally exceeded the disparities in FDI. Productivity gain and emission intensity decrease primarily caused the emission growth and reduction, respectively. Relatively small reductions in emission intensity are found for NOX and SO2. In general, most SEADCs have utilized FDI for economic development without sufficient efforts on air pollutant emission controls. Our outcomes can inform the formulation and optimization of relevant policies reconciling economic development and air quality improvement in SEADCs.

Siquian City’s Exporting of Goods: Competitiveness and Survival Analysis Amidst Challenges

In 2020, in the face of the sudden impact of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, Suqian's economy has withstood the test of the epidemic, showing a good situation of "rapid stabilization and gradual recovery", and the "13th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful end. In the year of 2020, when the Sino-US trade war has not ended and the new coronavirus epidemic is raging, Suqian's foreign trade can achieve such good results, which is worthy of affirmation. However, while affirming that Suqian can still achieve such excellent results in the export of goods in such a severe situation at home and abroad, we should also see that there are still many shortcomings in the development of Suqian's foreign trade. Based on this, this paper firstly analyzes the current situation of Suqian's goods export from four aspects, such as the scale of goods export, export goods, export trade mode and the export situation of goods in each sector. Secondly, the paper analyzes the existing problems of Suqian's export of goods. The main problems are: the gap between Suqian and southern Jiangsu, the unbalanced development of various sectors, the unreasonable structure of export of goods, etc. Thirdly, from the internal and external environment, this paper analyzes the reasons for these problems in Suqian's goods export. The internal reasons include: inter-regional industrial transfer, insufficient level of industrial development, and insufficient location advantage; The external reasons are as follows: the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, Sino-US trade friction, sluggish international market demand, the impact of international industrial transfer and trade barriers have weakened the competitiveness of Suqian's export goods; Finally, from the two levels of government and enterprises to improve the problems of Suqian goods export countermeasures and conclusions.

Impacts of Receiving International Industrial Transfer on China's Air Quality and Health Exceed Those of Export Trade.

Benefiting from international economic cooperation on income, technology diffusion, and employment, China also suffers its environmental and health impacts, from both international trade (IT), as is now widely understood, and international industrial transfer (IIT), which has been largely unrecognized. Here, we develop a comprehensive framework to estimate the impacts of exporting IT and receiving IIT. We find that China's emissions of CO2 and almost all air pollutants associated with IIT and IT together grew after 1997 but then declined after 2010, with the peak shares of national total emissions ranging 18-31% for different species. These sources further accounted for 3.8% of nationwide PM2.5 concentrations and 94,610 (76,000-112,040) premature deaths in 2012, and the values declined to 2.6% and 67,370 (52,390-81,810), respectively, for 2017. Separated, the contribution of IIT to those impacts was more than twice that of IT. Scenario analyses suggest that improving emission controls in its less-developed regions would effectively reduce the impact of economic globalization, but such a benefit could be largely offset by strengthened international economic cooperation. The outcomes provide a scientific basis for adjusting China's strategic roles in the international distribution of industrial production and its formulation of relevant environmental policies from a comprehensive perspective.

Analysis and Enlightenment of the Reasons for Why China Can Get Rid of the Poverty Trap

In 2020, China successfully won the Tough Battle Against Poverty, and eliminated all absolute poverty in the society. China becomes the first developing country that completes the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, and makes great contributions to the world poverty reduction. Most importantly, China escaped the Poverty Trap. According to the comparison between China and other countries that fall into the Poverty Trap, it is found that the environment for technological development, the potential economic growth, and the role of becoming the fourth "world factory" and the fourth international industrial transfer are all one of the factors that China can get out of the Poverty Trap. These factors ensure that Chinese economy can grow rapidly and also explain why China can avoid the Poverty Trap. Therefore, China should continue to vigorously develop its economy and technology to prevent poor households from returning to poverty and eliminate relatively poor populations.

Research on the Industrial Transfer from the Yangtze River Delta to Linyi City based on the Industrial Gradient Coefficient

The Yangtze River Delta region, represented by Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, has grown as one of the most developed regions in China based on the acceptance of international industrial transfer. However, along with the rising factor costs, increasing environmental pressure and resource constraints, it has become a general trend to upgrade industrial structure, give priority to intensive, high technology and high value-added industries, some labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries is moved to other regions in the country. As the southern gate of Shandong Province, Linyi City is close to the Yangtze River Delta, with a common history, and complementary resources, and is an important hub connecting the north and south economies. It should take full advantage of its location, natural resources and labor resources to actively undertake the industrial transfer of the Yangtze River Delta and participate in the regional economic cooperation and development of the Yangtze River Delta. The difference in the development level between the transferring and taking over places is a prerequisite for industrial transfer, which can be measured by the industrial gradient coefficient, which shows the different levels of industrial gradients to determine the transferring industries in the Yangtze River Delta region; in addition, the relative industrial gradient coefficient is introduced to determine the industries Linyi can take over.

International Industrial Transfer, Green Technological Innovation, and Manufacturing Global Value Chain Status

Most of the existing literature focuses on how international industrial transfer (IIT) impacts the global value chain (GVC) status of the manufacturing industry from the perspective of narrowly defined FDI but ignores the objective fact that FDI and IIT are not equivalent. Based on theory analysis, we used the TiVA database, the input–output model, and global value chain-related methods to effectively measure the scale of generalized IIT and GVCs of manufacturing sectors in China from 1995 to 2018. On this basis, the relationship between IIT and the GVCs of manufacturing industries and the moderating effect of green technological innovation (GTI) were empirically investigated using industry panel data. The results show that (1) there is a nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship between IIT and manufacturing GVCs; that is, a larger IIT scale is not better from the perspective of manufacturing GVCs. (2) GTI weakens the inverted U-shaped relationship between IIT and manufacturing GVCs. (3) The heterogeneity analysis found that both medium- and high-technology manufacturing IITs have a nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship with GVCs, which does not exist in low-technology manufacturing IIT. (4) The benchmark regression results remain robust after replacing the GVC measure, excluding special years and endogeneity treatment and replacing the estimation method robustness test. The research in this paper has implications for optimizing the design of IIT policies to promote the upgrading of manufacturing GVC status.

Investigating the role of international industrial transfer and technology spillovers on industrial land production efficiency: Fresh evidence based on Directional Distance Functions for Chinese provinces

Participation in international industrial transfer (IIT) provides a significant opportunity and a motivation to improve China's industrial land production efficiency (ILPE). This study aims to investigate the overall role, heterogeneous impact and indirect mechanism of IIT in improving Chinese ILPE. This paper uses the Directional Distance Functions - Data Envelope Analysis (DDF-DEA) model to measure ILPE, economic output efficiency, and pollution reduction efficiency, the Global Malmquist Luenberger (GML) index to decompose the growth of ILPE into “technical efficiency change (EC)” and “technological change (TC)”. The panel data of Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2018 and the Fixed-Effect model is used to examine the impact of IIT on ILPE. The primary outcomes suggest that participation in IIT has generally improved the ILPE in China. This promotion effect is evident after 2010, and IIT has a significant impact on the improvement of ILPE in extensive and inefficient areas. Similarly, IIT promotes the economic output efficiency of industrial land from the perspective of expected output and reduces unexpected output. This impact helps in improving pollution reduction efficiency of industrial land. The technology spillover brought by IIT improves the Chinese ILPE from two channels, including promoting technological progress and improving technical efficiency. However, the technology spillover mainly promotes the ILPE in land use high-efficient areas by promoting technological progress. Likewise, the ILPE is promoted by improving technical efficiency from a regional perspective in extensive and inefficient areas. This study provides valuable insights for the improvement of ILPE to optimize land resources.

China's regional industrial transfer behavior based on evolutionary game theory

With rapid development of China’s economics, the regional industrial transfer behavior becomes more active. Different from international industrial transfer, the main body of China’s regional industrial transfer also includes government participation not just enterprise. As such, this paper discusses the evolutionary mechanism of regional industrial transfer in Chinese context, based on sustainable development under the transformation of industry upgrading. This paper first extended a basic dynamic evolutionary game model of regional industrial transfer behavior and analysis the evolutionarily stable strategies, then further developed an evolutionary game model considering the government’s incentives, numerical examples and simulation also provided evidence to theoretical results. The results show that the evolutionary stable strategies are affected by the initial input costs, excess profits and the ratio of profit distribution. Moreover, the system will evolve to different equilibriums under different boundary conditions. Furthermore, more effective incentive mechanism of government can increase the probability of the implementation of regional industrial transfer.

Research on challenges and strategies for China’s green economy development

The last 20 years have been the fastest economic developing period of China, and China has made great economic achievements through undertaking international industrial transfer. However, undertaking international industrial transfer has brought about severe environmental problems to China and the process of undertaking international industry transfer is also a process of undertaking international transfer of natural resource consumption and environmental pollution. Nowadays, China has the heaviest ecological burden and highest environmental risk in the world, and is gradually losing international competitive advantages among traditional industries. China is facing unprecedented pressure of economic transformation. Besides the advantages like huge domestic demands and abundant civil capital, China faces more challenges in its green economy development. First, China is still in the middle of industrialization and urbanization processes, hence the huge demands for traditional industries will only last 10–15...

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Technological Innovation under the Backgrand of International Industrial Transfer Trend

The ability of technological innovation is constraining economic growth and enhance international competitiveness of enterprises a key factor and the basic driving force. To enhance the ability of independent innovation as the key link, comprehensively enhance the scientific and technological resources concentrated, lead and radiation innovation driven functions, improve the overall technological level and overall competitiveness, and build a highly efficient innovation system and an open, international-based, innovative research and development into base, As Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei undertake international industrial transfer of the main objectives. For Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in the high standards and high levels of expanding opening up under the conditions of building a high level of modern manufacturing and research and development into base, we should take technology innovation to improve regional economic level, then take the lead in promoting regional economic development. Key words: International industrial transfer, core technology, innovation system Resume: La capacite de l'innovation technologique est limitant la croissance economique et renforcer la competitivite internationale des entreprises un facteur cle et le moteur de base. Pour renforcer la capacite independante de l'innovation comme le lien essentiel, d'ameliorer globalement les ressources scientifiques et technologiques concentre, de plomb et de rayonnement axee sur l'innovation, amelioration de l'ensemble du niveau technologique et la competitivite globale, et de construire un tres efficace systeme d'innovation et l'ouverture internationale fondee sur les activites de recherche et de developpement en base, Beijing, Tianjin et du Hebei entreprendre le transfert industriel international des principaux objectifs. Pour Beijing, Tianjin et du Hebei dans le haut des normes et des niveaux eleves d'elargir l'ouverture dans les conditions de la construction d'un haut niveau de fabrication modernes et de la recherche et le developpement en base, nous devrions prendre l'innovation technologique pour ameliorer le niveau economique regionale, puis prendre l'initiative de promouvoir le developpement economique regional. Mots-Cles: Industrielle internationale, de transfert de technologie, de systeme d'innovation

Implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development and Promotion on Development of Knowledge-based Economy

Under the background of further world economic integration and speeding up of international industrial transfer, development of knowledge-based economy is a significant approach to establishing a harmonious society and realizing socialism modernization with Chinese characteristics and is a necessity for maintaining scientific outlook on development. Development of knowledge-based economy is a requirement for upgrading industrial structure and strengthening international competition. Development of knowledge-based economy can satisfy fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, correctly handle relations between all regions and industries, and promote sustainable and integrated development of national economy.