Internal Human Capital Research Articles

The Role of External and Internal Human Capital in Shaping Contagion Effects in AI-Related Human Capital

The Role of External and Internal Human Capital in Shaping Contagion Effects in AI-Related Human Capital

Effects of FDI, External Trade, and Human Capital of the ICT Industry on Sustainable Development in Taiwan

Understanding how international trade, FDI and human capital (FDI-HC and ET-HC) in the ICT industry affect Taiwan’s stable economic growth between 2001 and 2020 is the main objective of this study. The empirical analysis method used in this study is mainly divided into two steps: First, it uses variables with reliability and authenticity as keywords for primary, data mining, and semantic network analysis (SNA). Second, it investigates the long- and short-term interactions between the variables using the vector error correction model (VECM). The results of data mining and SNA using FDI and ET as keywords reveal that terms connected to HC have high levels of centrality, clustering, and frequency. This finding implies that the variables FDI-HC and ET-HC are reliable and can be utilized as interaction variables. Moreover, FDI–HC and ET–HC exert positive short- and long-term influences on GDP, and ET–HC exerts strong mid- to long-term impacts on GDP, FDI–HC, and ET.

The effect of CEO prominence on cross-border acquisitions: An international entrepreneurship approach

Cross-border acquisitions and cross-border alliances are two of the most popular entry modes for firms, although each entails different levels of risk. In addition to its industry and location, a firm’s choice of entry mode may also be affected by its chief executive officer (CEO). We explore how a CEO’s level of prominence influences a firm’s entry mode choice. Studying the relationship between CEO prominence and firm entry mode choice is imperative because CEO prominence is a predictor of both an individual’s personality and their risk-propensity. We use data from US-based S&P 1500 firms to test how CEO media appearances influence a firm’s choice between cross-border acquisitions and cross-border alliances. The results indicate that prominent CEOs are more likely to engage in cross-border acquisitions than in cross-border alliances. Furthermore, this tendency increases when the CEO has broad managerial experience or international human capital.

International servitization of SMEs in emerging markets: antecedents and boundary conditions

PurposeProduct-service innovation (i.e. servitization) is providing opportunities to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to offer services that are directly coupled to their products. Despite scholarly efforts on servitization in domestic markets, the determinants of international product-service innovation remain unclear. Therefore, this study draws insights from dynamic capability (DC) view and aims to examine the international human capital and international product-service innovation relationship. Specifically, the authors argue that the effect of international human capital on international product-service innovation is mediated by international inter-organizational marketing capability (IIMC) and moderated by international market complexity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the conceptual model using structural equation modeling on a sample of 211 SMEs operating in United Arab Emirates (UAE) – an emerging market economy.FindingsThe results show that IIMC mediates the relationship between international human capital and international product-service innovation. The authors further found that the indirect relationship between international human capital and international product-service innovation is strengthened when international market complexity increases in magnitude.Originality/valueThis study advances the knowledge on international servitization by examining international human capital and IIMC as the determinants and international market complexity as a moderator. Data collection in the UAE contributes to empirical research on international servitization from emerging markets.

Assessing the determinants of renewable energy and energy efficiency on technological innovation: Role of human capital development and investement.

With rising global production and population, the globalized globe has also seen severe environmental damage. This is why renewable energy sources are important for the planet's future and human progress. In order to fight climate change and decrease emissions, promoting energy efficiency is one of the most valuable strategies. Trade patterns across borders, however, have significantly evolved. This analysis provides new evidence regarding the influence of technological progress, and more specifically, industrial innovation, on the OECD countries' international competitiveness. This article aims to analyse the effects of international commerce, FDI, and human capital on the development of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency measures, and cutting-edge technologies. In this analysis, we look at how different variables, including GDP per capita, trade, FDI, human capital, and urbanization, affect one another. To conduct the analysis, researchers used a pool of annual time series data from 2000 to 2019 for OECD economies. The long-term relationship between the variables is estimated using the AMG estimation, Cup-FM, and Cup-BC test. AMG estimation, Cup-FM estimation, and Cup-BC estimation were all used, providing valid results for the investigation. Research shows that energy efficiency, renewable energy, and technological innovation are negatively affected by FDI and urbanization but positively affected by GDP per capita, trade, and human capital. There is no statistically significant effect of human capital on the dependent variables. The estimated results also provide important policy consequences for the chosen and the other emerging economies in creating an adequate route ahead to sustainable development.

International human capital in the local labour market: experiences of the foreign-educated Kazakhstani graduates

ABSTRACT Using mixed methods research approach, this study explores the employment experiences of the Kazakhstani graduates with international human capital in the domestic labour market. Human and social capital theories and Spence’s signalling theory are utilised to explain and consider how investment into and internationalisation of those capitals and signalling attributes contribute to the graduates’ after-return labour market participation scenarios. The findings indicate that international education significantly improves graduate employability and widens opportunities. However, the limited options and capacity of the local labour market as well as the attitudinal differences between the Soviet era senior administration and foreign-educated graduates represent serious challenges.

The international orientation of academic entrepreneurship: the role of relational, human and psychological capital

Purpose Scholars have emphasized intellectual capital’s importance for universities in obtaining competitive advantages and creating value. The purpose of this paper is to identify the influences of two components of intellectual capital, relational and human capital at the international level, and psychological capital on international orientation of academic entrepreneurs, and the mediating effects of international relational and human capital.Design/methodology/approach On the basis of a literature review, a theoretical model is proposed to explain the relationship between the studied variables. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 173 academic spin-offs of Spanish universities using bootstrapping methodology.Findings The results show that the international market relational capital and international human capital of academic entrepreneurs influence their international orientation, and that their psychological capital is directly, and indirectly, related to international orientation through international human capital and international market relational capital.Practical implications This study provides a better understanding of the antecedents of the international orientation of academic entrepreneurs, which would provide an important contribution to the literature on intellectual capital, academic entrepreneurship and internationalization. The achieved results highlight important implications for training of academic entrepreneurs and for managers and management teams of companies willing to enter, or even those already operating in, international markets.Originality/value In this study, the international orientation of academic entrepreneurs is explained through the psychological capital that is studied jointly with two components of intellectual capital, relational and human capital at the international level. Although some recent work has focused on the study of the internationalization of academic spin-off, this line of research is still incipient.

Attracting talent through diversity at the top: The impact of TMT diversity and firms' efforts to promote diversity on employer attractiveness

At a time where firms encounter a “race for talent”, it is crucial for many MNCs to present themselves as attractive employers. Failing to position themselves in the international labor market can reduce firms' ability to acquire valuable international human capital, thereby generating disadvantageous organizational effects. Against this backdrop, drawing on signaling theory and employer branding literature, our paper aims to shed light on the association between nationality diversity in the executive suite and MNCs' employer attractiveness. Our lines of argument build on the notion that top management team composition can affect MNCs' efforts to promote diversity among their employees. This focus on diversity, in turn, can affect MNCs' employer attractiveness. Examining firms from various European countries, we find that top management team nationality diversity is positively associated with firms' employer attractiveness for foreign job seekers. We also show that a firm's efforts to promote diversity mediate the relationship between TMT nationality diversity and employer attractiveness. We therefore advance the academic debate on diversity as an employer branding tool and a means to enhance employer attractiveness. In practical terms, we also provide valuable insights for firms wishing to transform into (more) diverse entities.

Building capabilities for external knowledge sourcing: Training and Innovation in Small firms

We study how an increase in a firm's internal human capital can support new product development. By adopting training practices, we expect firms to increase the benefits of external knowledge. These benefits may differ between market- and institution-based knowledge sources because each provides distinct expertise to the firm. The study relies on the Community Innovation Survey that tracks firms from twelve European countries in multiple industries in 2006-2014. We find that small firms - those with fewer than 50 employees - attain higher returns to external knowledge when they invest in human capital through training. However, these results only hold for external knowledge that is market-based. Our study links the innovation and strategic human capital literature by illustrating how training helps firms extract the value of external knowledge for new product development.

FALSAFAH PELAN STRATEGIK UNIVERSITI AWAM MALAYSIA MELALUI PENGALAMAN AHLI AKADEMIK EKSPATRIAT DALAM MENGORAK REPUTASI UNIVERSITI SEBAGAI HAB KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK DI PERSADA ANTARABANGSA

The Malaysian Education Development Plan 2015-2025 (Higher Education) has been specifically formulated by outlining ten (10) leaps to achieve continuous excellence in the higher education system in Malaysia thus becoming a hub of academic excellence on an international level. In line with that, the objective of the study is to trace the experience of international human capital in helping to shape the involvement of the reputation of Malaysian public universities on an international level. However, the debate that leads to the recruitment of international human resources is said to have no long-term impact on the development of a university. The discussion in this paper explores the experience of international human resources in making positive contributions to public universities in line with efforts to strengthen its position and status as a prestigious educational institution, in line with the contemporary transition of higher education. The narrative approach utilises a selection of original dialogues and involves 20 expatriate academics who meet the criteria of residency with a work visa, having the status of a self-initiated expatriate, are not classified as inter-university exchange staff, nor are on sabbatical leave. The contribution of this study is able to shift the contextual focus of the internationalisation literature of higher education institutions which was previously said to focus on generating income of a university, to a valuable human resource experience in contributing to the involvement of the university’s reputation globally. The findings of the study also insert an advanced dimension by presenting a detailed understanding of human resource mobility as well as introducing a new dimension that offers a deeper understanding of the university’s reputation involvement on an international level. This study seeks to offer specific evidence of how expatriate academics evaluate their expatriation experience by selecting a public university as a career place. While the results of the study are expected to be useful information for public universities in implementing alternative strategic planning policies for the future, further determining the scenario of Malaysian higher education.

International Trade and Human Capital Investment with Heterogeneous Firms and Workers: Modeling and Analysis

Though the importance of organizational behavior and human decision processes within firms for the firm performance has largely been recognized in the business and management literature, much less attention has been devoted to studying such implications in the international trade context. This paper develops a general-equilibrium trade model in which heterogeneous workers make an investment decision in acquiring advanced managerial skills and choose their optimal effort level based on their comparative advantage. In doing so, we show how globalization-induced human capital accumulation within firms leads to sustainable economic growth. We also show that workers’ organizational belief and CEO’s managerial vision may be an important element for the human capital formation within firms and for the performance of firms in a global economy.

Exploring the driving factors of economic growth in the world's largest economies

This study explores the main factors of economic growth in a panel of the world's 20 biggest economies considering the data period of 39 years (1980–2018). In particular, the roles of international trade, energy use, human capital, and foreign direct investment (FDI) are examined in addition to the roles of capital and labour. To estimate the results the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method of Pool Mean Group (PMG) estimator and heterogeneous panel causality test are used with due consideration of cross sectional dependence test, cointegration test and other necessary diagnostic tests. The obtained results ratify the cointegration among the variables used. Energy use, trade, capital, labour, human capital development and foreign direct investment have positive and significant impacts on the economic growth of these countries in the long run. In the short run energy use, trade and capital also have positive and significant effects, but human capital has negative effect on economic growth. A bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and trade, capital, labour and human capital, and a unidirectional causal link from economic growth to energy use and foreign direct investment are also found. The obtained results are theoretically consistent, and therefore have important policy implications.

A Proximity Approach to Understanding University-Industry Collaborations for Innovation in Non-Local Context: Exploring the Catch-Up Role of Regional Absorptive Capacity

The article aims to explore which types of proximity approach can foster university–industry (U-I) collaborations for innovation and discuss the role of different dimension regional absorptive capacity in cooperation to promote inter-regional partnerships from “unbalance” to “coordination”. Therefore, we intercept 484 pairs of cooperative entities and analyze proximity effects and heterogeneity cross-regional U-I collaborations by hierarchical regression. The results show: (1) In non-local contexts, geographic distance is not a hamper for improving innovation performance. The economic development level has no significantly different effects on such a role. (2) Technological proximity plays a negative role in increasing innovative performance, and the eastern region has the most noticeable results. (3) The closer in social distance can get more innovation performance in eastern and western, but the central area negatively affects. (4) The U-I collaborations for innovation performance-enhancing advantages are not equal for all regions but are moderating by specific regional absorptive capacity dimensions. The areas with a higher level of internal human capital can get more catch-up effects. The lagging regions should increase talents to promote cross-regional cooperation for catching up. In contrast, the prosperous areas should take advantage of the talent-gathering effects to promote knowledge spillover.

The role of global dynamic managerial capability in the pursuit of international strategy and superior performance

We develop the construct of global dynamic managerial capability (GDMC) and identify its underlying sources: (1) international human capital, (2) international social capital, and (3) international managerial cognitions. Consistent with dynamic capabilities view and upper echelons theory, we suggest that GDMC leads to global asset orchestration, which in turn, results in superior company performance in a two-stage process. First, GDMC leads companies to adopt global strategies that spread the risk of internationalizations across different entry modes and geographic regions. Second, the (re)configuration of global assets positively influences subsequent firm performance and thus mediates the relationship between GDMC and performance. Recognizing the triad of factors that form global dynamic managerial capability is crucial when selecting future managers of multinational corporations. Hence, firms with increasing international exposure – both domestically via foreign competition and internationally via foreign market presence – may seek to compose their upper echelons with a suitable combination of international human and social capital as well as internationally diverse cognitions in the pursuit of sustained competitive advantage.

Desafios da gestão de uma unidade de conservação no Brasil

O Brasil está no centro da discussão mundial sobre a proteção do meio ambiente. Uma das maneiras criadas para efetivar a conservação da biodiversidade é a implantação de unidades de conservação (UC), porém, ainda se faz necessário entender os aspectos gerenciais e os obstáculos enfrentados na gestão dessas áreas. Portanto, o objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar os desafios da gerência no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PNSC), uma unidade de conservação localizada no norte do estado do Piauí. Para este fim, o estudo, a partir dos princípios de boa governança, fez uso de entrevista semiestruturada e observação de campo para entender os aspectos gerenciais do parque. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise de conteúdo, em que as categorias temáticas escolhidas foram os nove princípios supracitados. Portanto, o artigo contribui para a discussão teórica acerca do gerenciamento de UCs e traz implicações gerenciais sobre o desafio de gerir essas áreas, em que, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, conciliar e se relacionar com a comunidade do entorno e o capital humano interno é o principal desafio identificado nessa área de conservação, se tornando um fator positivo se bem trabalhado, capaz de manter o funcionamento do parque, mesmo em tempos de crise.

The Impact of Remittance on Economic Growth of Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not international remittances enhance economic growth in Ethiopia. Data for the period 1984-2017 from World Development Indicator and Ethiopia Ministry of Education annual statistical Bulletin was used. To investigate the impact international inflow remittances, foreign direct investment net inflow, inflation, general government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, openness to international trade, human capital and population growth were also included. The study employed an aggregate Cobb-Douglas production function. Augmented Dickey Fuller tests were used to test for non Stationarity of the variables. It was found that all variables were integrated of order one. In addition, Johansen Cointegration test was employed to determine whether or not the variables were cointegrated. Error correction model was employed to estimate short – run and long run relationship using ordinary least square technique. The study found that in the long run General government final consumption expenditure, openness to international trade, human capital and Population growth where as in short run foreign direct investment net inflow had both positive and significant impact on economic growth. Additionally in the long run Inflow remittances, Inflation and foreign direct investment net inflows and in the short run inflation, Openness to international trade and Human capital (secondary school enrolment) had both negative and significant. This was in contrast with the expected result of positive and significance impact on economic growth rate. Gross fixed capital formation in long run where as remittance inflow, general government final consumption expenditure and human capital (secondary school enrolment) were found to be insignificant and no impact economic growth. Keywords: Remittances, Economic growth, Error Correction Model (ECM), Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-17-01 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność litewskiej gospodarki a jej kapitał ludzki

Głównym celem każdej gospodarki jest osiągnięcie mocnej pozycji konkurencyjnej, a to w coraz większym stopniu zależy od kapitału ludzkiego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kapitału ludzkiego jako czynnika o istotnym wpływie na kształtowanie się międzynarodowej pozycji konkurencyjnej litewskiej gospodarki w latach 2006–2016. W artykule posłużono się danymi pochodzącymi z raportów WEF. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza z nich została poświęcona teoretycznym aspektom konkurencyjności międzynarodowej oraz kapitału ludzkiego. W drugiej części zbadano zmiany pozycji konkurencyjnej gospodarki litewskiej w latach 2006–2016 na podstawie Indeksu Globalnej Konkurencyjności. W części końcowej przeanalizowano kapitał ludzki Litwy w latach 2006–2016 oraz wskazano, na podstawie raportów WEF, obszary problemowe dotyczące jego jakości. Z przeprowadzonej analizy można wywnioskować, że kapitał ludzki jest istotnym elementem konkurencyjności litewskiej gospodarki, o czym świadczy pozycja Litwy w rankingach WEF zarówno pod względem konkurencyjności, jak i jakości kapitału ludzkiego.

International student flows for university education and the bilateral market integration of Australia

Study at a foreign university can be an important way of developing international human capital. We investigate factors affecting international student flows for higher education and their consequences for bilateral market integration in Australia. Estimation results demonstrate that income, cost competitiveness, migration network effects and other education pathways increase the demand for tertiary education. Our results show that university study, inter alia, is an important determinant of bilateral trade between Australia and the student’s home country.

"Working With Others, Working With Different Nations: Human Capital and International Teamwork"

This study reveals the importance of international human capital in the context of multinational teams. Utilizing the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a unique research setting in which pla...

International Migration, Remittance and Human Capital Development in Developing Countries

This work examined the relationship between the international migration, remittance and human development. We also examine the factors that could cause migration from developing countries to developed countries. It was found that most migrants believes that earnings overseas is higher compared to the level of their skills and this is associated with less return migration. Also some who are target earners do return if they have accumulated higher savings overseas. Remittance from migrants is seen to improve the life of family members left behind. Much of this has no significant effect in the home countries GDP. Therefore recommendations are made to enable remittances yield positively to GDP of home countries. We suggest that government can profitably devote self discovery and enterprise promotion efforts to small-scale activities. Such efforts can take advantage of the fact that overseas citizen’s enterprise, in other that remittance could also be useful and beneficial to the nation country at large and not on families and household alone. There should be policy in terms of incentives offered to the migrants for sending funds to their home countries.