International Standards For Evaluation Research Articles

Terminal strength test of TO-220 packaged Schottky barrier diode using finite element method

Power semiconductors are used in various industries owing to their high energy efficiency and controllability. Recently, their use in the aerospace and automotive industries has given rise to the need for high reliability in the market. Individual power semiconductor devices have a major impact on the reliability of the entire power system as they are the most basic elements. To ensure the reliability of semiconductors, various reliability tests are required to be conducted according to various international evaluation standards. This study evaluates the terminal strength testing of TO-220 package according to Method 2036 of MIL-STD 750E document. Finite element analysis was utilized to perform axial tensile tests and compared with actual experiments. Additionally, transverse tensile, torque, and bending tests were performed to evaluate the safety factors for different components of the package. Moreover, the failure mechanism of wire bonding according to various terminal strength tests using the finite element method is discussed.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of hospital infection prevention and control based on the SMART principle.

Hospital infection not only increases patient suffering and mortality, but also causes huge economic losses. It is urgent to take effective measures to improve the situation of hospital infection and focus on hand hygiene and disinfection. The SMART principle is to follow the principles of specificity, measurability, attainability, relevance, and timeliness when setting goals. This study aims to use the SMART principle in the prevention and control of hospital infection, to take a series of measures on the hospital infection such as hand hygiene, and to evaluate the implementation effect. This study is a retrospective study. From January to June 2020, the SMART principle was used to carry out intervention for infection prevention and control in the Xiangya International Medical Department, Central South University, and implement the infection prevention and control quality improvement plan. Using indicator data as targeting measurement standard, we established evaluation indicators for hospital infection prevention and control knowledge awareness and hand hygiene compliance rate as the process monitoring, surgical site infection rate and catheter-related urinary tract infection rate as the result monitoring. The evaluation indicators after intervention (July 2020 to June 2021) were compared with those before intervention (January 2019 to December 2019). Fifty-one medical staff working in the Xiangya International Medical Department were included. There were 12 doctors and 39 nurses, and 6 males and 45 females. The age ranged from 21 to 57 (30.2±7.1) years. After the intervention, the awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate of medical staff were significantly higher than those before the intervention (both P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in surgical site infection rate and catheter-related urinary tract infection rate before and after intervention (both P>0.05). After the intervention, the awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate of medical staff in the internal and surgical wards were higher than those before the intervention (all P<0.05). The awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge of medical staff in surgical wards was low but improved significantly. The compliance rate of hand hygiene of medical staff in internal wards was high and improved significantly. After the intervention, the awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate of male and female medical staff were higher than those before the intervention (all P<0.05), both of which were significantly higher in males than in females. After the intervention, the awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate for medical staff aged less than 30 years old and 30 to 40 years old were higher than those before the intervention (all P<0.05). Medical staff aged 30 to 40 years had a low awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge, but both indicators improved most significantly. After the intervention, the awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge of doctors and nurses was increased (both P<0.05). The awareness of doctors improved more significantly, and the hand hygiene compliance rate of nurses improved (P<0.05). After the intervention, the awareness of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate of medical staff with primary and intermediate professional titles were higher than those before the intervention (all P<0.05), and the improvement was more significant for medical staff with intermediate professional titles. Based on the SMART principle management method, the implementation of quality improvement plans combined with various domestic and international evaluation standards for infection prevention and control can effectively improve the awareness of infection control knowledge and hand hygiene compliance rate of medical staff, strengthen the prevention and control of hospital infection, and further ensure the safety of patients.

Оцінка як елемент управління нефінансовими активами державних установ

Evaluation plays a vital role in the management of non-financial assets in public sector institutions, which explains the significant interest of researchers in finding ways to improve it, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to evaluation, and studying the evaluation practice according to International Evaluation Standards. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of evaluation as an element of management of non-financial assets of state institutions, as well as to analyze the features and approaches to assessing non-financial assets depending on their types and conditions of use. The structure of national and international evaluation standards was revealed. In the wartime and the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy, it is advisable to rely on the results of evaluation conducted by the International Evaluation Standards, which are fundamental when making investment decisions, preparing financial statements, and ensuring regulatory lending requirements. Thus, the European integration of Ukraine is only possible with the implementation of the International Evaluation Standards, which can be implemented in several ways: full or partial application, as well as the development of national evaluation standards based on international ones. Valuation is not only one of the elements of the accounting method; valuation is an independent system consisting of such elements as the object and subject of evaluation, the subject matter of evaluation, and the subjective and objective side of evaluation. The article discloses certain aspects of the evaluation of non-financial assets of state institutions. Special attention is focused on justifying the expediency of choosing one or another approach to evaluation. It was determined that applying the cost approach to the evaluation of non-created non-financial assets is the most appropriate, which, however, does not exclude the possibility of combining it with other approaches in practice. Implementing International Valuation Standards in Ukrainian legislation will avoid opaque methodology and manifestations of subjectivism in selecting approaches to the valuation of non-financial assets of state institutions.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ПІДҐРУНТЯ МЕТОДИК ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВИМІРЮВАНЬ, ЗДІЙСНЮВАНИХ МЕТОДАМИ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТНОЇ ОЦІНКИ

The article behaves to the field of assets and property rights independent expert appraising/valuation. Theoretical bases, on those economic measurements expert valuation results uncertainty degree methodology is based, are examined. The substantiation of the probabilistic-metrological approach methodology principles to evaluation results uncertainty degree quantitative determination, based on the evaluation result interval form presentation, is considered. The requirements of national and international evaluation standards for the evaluation results uncertainty are analyzed. The methodology of evaluation results accuracy objective quantitative indexes is described and performed. It is well-proven that the level of valuation results errors at economic measurements implementation can be set on the basis of information theory and measurement errors theory laws application. It is shown that in the case of Comparative Sales and Income approaches applying, uncertainties for given levels of confidence probability in the form of numerical values of the confidence interval limits can be established on the basis of similar property adjusted single unit value indicators or rental rate rows statistical processing. The conditions that must be met when these economic measurements performing are formulated. The main principles of the economic measurements implementation using the metrological methodical approach are considered. It is grounded on independent valuation results uncertainty degree quantitative determination on the basis of economic measurements series implementation with next results row statistical processing. Base terms, limitations, original assumptions of that evaluation works accuracy conditions are set. Possible directions of evaluation methodologies further improvement are analyzed. Attention is accented on the informative-metrological approach to valuation results uncertainty degree exposure. It is shown that it gives an opportunity to set the valuation uncertainty degree by objective quantitative indexes, as these results errors estimates. Some recommendations in relation to priority directions of further researches are offered.

A study on real estate appraisal and assesment reports conducted in Turkey

Pupose- Real estate appraisal activity is the determination of the likely value of the real estate together with its rights and benefits on a certain date. The correct appraisal of real estate value which helps to determine the asset value of an individual or company is an important task. The related legal rights are arranged by SPK and BDDK (Bankacilik Denetleme ve Duzenleme Kurumu) in their published regulations and documentaries and notifications. Methodology- Real estate appraisal reports prepared in Turkey has to be prepared according to International Appraisal Standards and be in conformity with both Turkish Financial Report Standards and International Evaluation Standards. Real estate appraisal report has to be organized by real estate appraisal experts who are licenced by SPK (Sermaye Piyasasi Kurumu) in Turkey. Findings- In terms of the Turkish Financial Report Standards; it is suggested that the real estate appraisal reports has to be in conformity with the International Appraisal Standards. In this study, the structure and evaluation methods of real estate appraisal reports prepared in Turkey has been investigated in the light of Turkish Financial Report Standards and International Evaluation Standards. Coclusion- Also, taking into account the fact that accounting principles and financial tables should reflect the reality; we criticize them and suggested some solutions.

A study on real estate appraisal and assesment reports conducted in Turkey

Pupose- Real estate appraisal activity is the determination of the likely value of the real estate together with its rights and benefits on a certain date. The correct appraisal of real estate value which helps to determine the asset value of an individual or company is an important task. The related legal rights are arranged by SPK and BDDK (Bankacilik Denetleme ve Duzenleme Kurumu) in their published regulations and documentaries and notifications. Methodology- Real estate appraisal reports prepared in Turkey has to be prepared according to International Appraisal Standards and be in conformity with both Turkish Financial Report Standards and International Evaluation Standards. Real estate appraisal report has to be organized by real estate appraisal experts who are licenced by SPK (Sermaye Piyasasi Kurumu) in Turkey. Findings- In terms of the Turkish Financial Report Standards; it is suggested that the real estate appraisal reports has to be in conformity with the International Appraisal Standards. In this study, the structure and evaluation methods of real estate appraisal reports prepared in Turkey has been investigated in the light of Turkish Financial Report Standards and International Evaluation Standards. Coclusion- Also, taking into account the fact that accounting principles and financial tables should reflect the reality; we criticize them and suggested some solutions.

Method of compensations evaluation in Ulaanbaatar

It is significant to make evaluation of ger area, determine market price of compensation, process evaluation procedure of compensation evaluation, transfer land for need of capital city and determine compensation using methods in international evaluation standards of land and cadastre evaluations methods. Land of Ulaanbaatar city is divided in 65 regions for evaluation, market price per a square meters of land is 156063 Tugrugs. In making adjustment on regional market price using factors to impact on land in accordance with certain methods, price of land per square meter reached 220049 Tugrugs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.233 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.129-132

Formación del profesorado y didácticas específicas en la Educación Básica

The improvement of the school system does not reside in the legal rules, neither in the international evaluation standards. However, the attitude of the teachers, their knowledge to address substantive problems of the humanity and his capacity to elaborate activities for their learning, are basic elements to innovate education of a country. Know the keys of a good teaching are object of analysis of the present report, for what is precise to explain how has organised the school system from the political power. In this sense is precise to understand how learns a person and how develops the educational work in the classrooms.

Understanding Evaluation in the Social Sector: Two Reflexive Metaevaluation Case Studies Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu

The study covers evaluation in the social sector with special reference to the European Union and its member states. The analysis is a non-technical metaevaluation based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological concepts. The first of the two cases concerns the EU open method of coordination (OMC) in employment and social-protection policies, and the second is on international evaluation standards. In practice, evaluation hardly conforms to the ideal types and is deeply embedded in its structural and temporal contexts. Acknowledgement of this is crucial in the pursuance of better evaluation research and practice.

Evaluation standards in an international context

AbstractThis chapter discusses the general concept of international evaluation standards, describing the notion of open standards and the standards debate during two international meetings.