International Educational Migration Research Articles

Educational Emigration of Kazakhstani Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social impacts and Challenges

This article aims to analyze the educational emigration of Kazakhstani youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. International educational migration is the current global tendency, which has been attracting hundreds of Kazakhstani youth year by year to migrate in pursuit of higher education. In the history of migration studies, student migration has always been a centralized topic to discuss in accordance with the national and international report statistics. In the context of globalization, young adults are being more passionate and enthusiastic about studying abroad. However, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused dramatic issues on student’s education mobility from Kazakhstan as well. Meanwhile, there are key challenges as for young people to care about is their health following the rules of lockdown and keeping social distance have created another social effect. As international movement from the country has stopped a strategic approach on how to continue the process of students’ flow on educational programs enrollment has declined, in some cases submissions been postponed for a year or two. Consequently, it would have caused changes on the motivation and emotional expectations of future student migrants. Evaluating the current dynamics of the student emigration, the government of Kazakhstan needs thoroughly to consider about concepts on how to regulate the outflow. In its turn, the pandemic has emerged an alternative such as online education that would possibly cover the purpose of educational emigrants.

Linguocultural Adaptation of Migrants in the Context of Educational Migration to Russia

International educational migration is an integral element of the modern world, which actualizes the problem of adaptation of educational migrants. Linguocultural adaptation is especially interesting, because it determines the strategy of adaptation and the result of the further integration of the migrant in the new society. The purpose of the article is to study the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the subjects of international academic migration in the context of the new space of everyday life. The empirical basis of the research was the results of an interregional study within the framework of a qualitative approach using the methods of in-depth and semi-structured interviews, conducted in March-April 2021. 20 informants were interviewed. The case study method became the tactic of the qualitative approach, the Krasnodar Territory and the Novosibirsk Region acted as local cases. In the Krasnodar Territory, people from Arab-Muslim countries were interviewed, students from China were interviewed in the Novosibirsk Region. The analysis of the interviews allowed us to identify the factors that determine the success of linguocultural adaptation of educational migrants, as well as the main difficulties in the process of formation of language competence and, consequently, linguocultural adaptation of both students from Arab-Muslim countries and Chinese students. The research showed that attention to the ethno-national characteristics of foreign students, to their system of motivation in organizing the learning process, inclusion in the culture of the host community, contribute to faster and more successful linguocultural adaptation. It was concluded that new types of identity are determined in the process of linguocultural adaptation by the degree of empathy of the migrants’ native culture. The research results can be used in the formation of adaptation programs for educational migrants in Russian universities.

БІЛІМ БЕРУ КӚШІ-ҚОНЫ: ШЕТЕЛДЕ ЖОҒАРЫБІЛІМАЛУДЫҢ СЕБЕПТЕРІ МЕН ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

The article discusses migration trends occurring in the world, migration in higher education. International educational migration is rapidly developing in the modern world. Educational migration largely determines the dynamics and nature of the country's economic development. In this context, an increasing problem for Kazakhstan is the regulation of educational migration in conditions of fierce competition in the international market of educational services. In this regard, the term «knowledge migration» appears in the global educational space, and this trend is becoming relevant in relation to all countries of the world. The importance of professional education and the formation of a multicultural and universal personality in the context of global globalization has increased. Students' perception of the culture of other countries as values, skills of using a foreign language in the professional sphere are highly valued by modern employers in establishing long-term ties with foreign partners. It can even be emphasized that knowledge of a foreign language is a kind of means of socialization and adaptation in a multicultural society. These social changes cause international educational migration and become a subject requiring public study.

International Educational Migration: Case of Kazakhstan

This article is devoted to the issue of the current state of international educational migration from Kazakhstan. The article discussed the very essence of migration processes, the problems of this issue, identified the reasons for the increase in the number of those wishing to study abroad, considered the positive and negative consequences of the educational migration of Kazakhstanis and identified recommendations for stabilizing the issue of youth migration. With the development of globalization, the trend of getting education in foreign universities is increasing among young people. The multiple growth in the pace of development of educational migration around the world brings the formation of a carefully thought-out migration policy of states and the adaptation of foreign students to new living conditions to the very top of international agendas. In modern realities the issue of regulating educational migration in the Republic of Kazakhstan is becoming the most acute. Every year more and more young people from Kazakhstan prefer to get education abroad. For students there are a lot of advantages to get an education abroad. However, educational migration today has an impact on the state in several areas: the economy of states, foreign and social policy. And this influence is not always positive. The trend of educational migration of Kazakhstanis abroad carries the risks of a brain drain, since many young people after completing their studies in foreign institutions are in no hurry to return. With their foreign diploma they get a prestigious job and leave Kazakhstan forever. Today Kazakhstan needs effective mechanisms to prevent the outflow of students such as improving the quality of domestic education, facilitating the conditions for obtaining education, increasing the prestige of Kazakhstani universities, etc.

Факторы формирования образовательной миграции из Таджикистана в вузы России: на примере Северного (Арктического) федерального университета

Analyzed is the problem of growing importance of international educational migration, associated not only with the increase in the number of international students, but also with the growing political, economic and cultural influence of educational migration as process. One of the most perspective countries in the sphere of Russian higher education export is the Republic of Tajikistan. The aim of the article is to present the results of study of the factors, that have influenced on student migration from Tajikistan to Russia. The author conducts a survey based on an analysis of key statistical data from the Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, as well as a questionnaire survey, semi-formalized interviews with NArFU students from Tajikistan, as well as participant observation in the framework of professional activities. Within the study information channels about higher education opportunities were analyzed, alternative educational destinations were identified, and an analysis of the factors of student migration to Russia and Russian university (NArFU) was carried out. According to the results of the study, it is found that different factors form student migration in general: the initial interest to study abroad, approved by the family in case of positive experience of relatives, studying abroad, while key factors for studying in Russia include possibility of getting quality education with scholarship support. The decision-making process of choosing the university is influenced by the demand for an educational program, career prospects, university ranking, however, the combination of the factors can vary significantly. The authors consider the importance of the ethno-cultural specifics of the region in analyzing the flows of student migration, as well as during the university activities of developing the export of higher educational programs to Tajikistan.

НОВІ ВИКЛИКИ У ФОРМУВАННІ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ В ОСВІТНІЙ СФЕРІ

The article deals with the theoretical issues of the formation of labor potential of the educational sector. The role of creativity in the formation of labor potential of teachers and its influence on the formation of non-standard skills is defined. The article is devoted to the influence of creativity and creativeness on the development of the country. It is proved that the creative potential of the country influences an index of innovative development and the place of Ukraine in a rating "Global Innovation Index" is analyzed. Methods of estimation of creative potential are stated, also in article the basic criteria of conformity of parameters of creativity in the field of labor potential are disclosed. Own definition of the creative potential of the participant of educational process is offered. The basic principles of development of creative potential of participants of educational process are allocated. The most significant factors inducing Ukrainian students to receive higher education abroad and threats of international educational migration for Ukraine were determined. The article also discusses factors contributing to the process of achieving creative success, which at first glance may seem less important than financial or other production factors. The relationship between creativity and personality has been the subject of careful study by the authors of the article. But at the moment it is not clear whether personality characteristics are related to emotions, in particular emotional intelligence and emotional creativity, which are the driving factors that help people with creativity to realize their innovative ideas. Thus, the authors show the relevance and necessity of such research in both entrepreneurship and education. For further development it is necessary to analyze education in the sphere of education and the need for new approaches to the development of labor potential of professional education. Thus, the main idea of the article is aimed at explaining the processes of developing creative potential of educational process participants in modern conditions, which, in its turn, implies, first of all, creative nature of their activity, which is especially important for pedagogical sphere of activity.

Educational Migration in the Semantic Space of Political Science: a Review of Theoretical Approaches

Among modern studies on the phenomenon of migration, of particular interest is the work studying and analyzing educational migration as one of the most popular and promising areas of migration. Despite numerous work devoted to the issue of educational migration, latter still remains the least studied migration category. In order to identify current trends and patterns of international educational migration and to trace development of theoretical constructions explaining migration process, author has conducted an analysis of more than 60 scientific publications (both theoretical and empirical studies) of foreign authors on the issues of consideration. Analysis of publications was carried out in context of a critical review of scientific theories and research concepts on educational migration. As the main theories, neoclassical theories of migration of macro (the concept of Push-Pull factors) and micro (the theory of human capital) level, transnational theory and theory of global knowledge were considered. As a result, author notes that educational migration studies are mostly aimed at studying economic aspects of migration, determinants and causes of migration, issue of highly qualified migration, processes of integration and adaptation of foreign students, new directions of student migration, transnational spaces and social migrant networks etc. Publications on the values and axiological aspects of educational migration are much less common. To sum up, based on results of the study, article reveals that vectors of educational migration studies are shaped by transformation occurring in the world and in the global educational environment that directly affects the nature of student migration flows.

Trends in International Educational Migration: A Case of Finland

Introduction. Our paper is focused on the study of the current trends in educational migration in the context of Finland. We aim at identifying the factors that attract and keep educational immigrants in the host country. We suggest that educational immigrants are the most attractive category of immigrants due to their high adaptability and insertion into the labor markets in their resp ective countries of education. Materials and Methods. The research employs traditional methods of empirical analysis such as understanding and interpretation of the contents of documents, methods of graphical presentation of the data, analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature, as well as the method of comparison of Russian and foreign theory and practice. The empirical basis of this study includes the results of a remote online survey using the Google Forms application. The sample of respondents is represented by the individuals residing in Saint Petersburg (Russia) and having in their profiles on the social media VKontakte a mention of the period of study in Finland. Results. We find that Finland pursues a successful systematic national policy to attract educational immigrants. This approach is designed to compensate for the unfavorable social and demographic situation in the country. Over the past ten years, there has been a tendency in Finland to increase the number of educational immigrants from Asian countries. The majority of foreign students are enrolled in the undergraduate programs of polytechnic universities and at the Master’s programs of classical universities. There is a significant predominance of female immigrants in all areas of study in Finl and. Discussion and Conclusion.Our results are of practical interest for the Russian government structures responsible for developing strategic guidelines for immigration education policy, as well as for organizations responsible for the development of interstate cooperation in the field of education and science. Heads and staff of international cooperation departments of higher education institutions dealing with the social adaptation of educational immigrants might take into account the identified difficulties of students in adaptation. The results of the study might also be of some interest to the representatives of the scientific community involved in educational migration.

International educational migration as a “soft power resource” in the globalization era

The international educational migration as a resource of «soft power» of the state has been analyzed in the article. Based on comprehensive analysis of the existing definitions of educational migration the author’s interpretation of this concept have been proposed. Based on the data of UNESCO, the Institute of international education of the United States, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation the statistics of international educational migration has been presented and analyzed. The main emphasis has been made on such categories of international educational migrants as students (bachelors, masters), postgraduate students. The reasons for the popularity of foreign students in countries such as Canada and the United States have been described. Based on the study two groups of factors have been highlighted: external and internal (motivational) factors, influencing decision-making in choosing the country of study.Based on the data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the advantages of education in Russia have been analyzed. The issue of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities has been considered: first-year curatorial programs, the Institute of student fellowships. It has been concluded hat Russian universities have a wealth of experience in teaching and adaptation of foreign students.The concepts and projects to attract foreign students to the Russian Federation also have been described in detail. Special attention to two projects “5–100” and “Export of Russian education” has been paid. The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) as one of the main institutions in the export of Russian education has been designated. The measures to attract foreign students to Russian universities have been proposed.

Тенденции образовательной миграции в Российской Федерации

This article analyzes the trends in international migration processes in federal districts. The analysis of state statistics (2016-2018) revealed conflicting trends in its various aspects. The results show that international educational migration in Russia has an extremely low proportion, which is only 3% of the total migration inflow. The number of educated migrants has grown by almost a third. The main contributing countries of the educational sphere are Kazakhstan, China, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Iraq among others. At the same time, the number of educational migrants from Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Moldova has slightly decreased over three years. The results show significant imbalances in the territorial distribution of educational migration flows in the Russian Federation. They mostly take place in the regions and the North-West Federal District (about 50% of migrants by educational institutions, Volga and Siberia — more than 30%). This means that the education system and the use of infrastructure are unlimited. This article identifies the types of dynamics of the formed clusters in federal districts, which resulted in the corresponding typology. The author has calculated the growth rate of educational migration, which is the ratio of the growth in the number of educational migrants to the increase in the total number of people who arrived in the federal district and registered as migrants. It seems appropriate that within the framework of research in the field of the modern sociocultural approach, the mechanism of redistribution of human capital should be involved. This will allow a deeper study of sociocultural factors and the consequences of educational migration.

Modern trends in educational migration in Russian Federation

The article discusses the main trends and features of the development of educational (training) migration in Russia in the era of globalization and the internationalization of the educational space. Modern consideration of the problems of educational migration is relevant, thus social, economic and political changes in the post-Soviet space affected attitudes, motivation and readiness for educational migration from various groups of society, and above all, the younger generation. The author considers the factors influencing the scale, structural characteristics and directions of the flows of external and internal educational migration in Russia. The effects of educational migration and the possibilities of managing it in order to prevent «brain drain» are analyzed. Regulation of this area is very difficult, and an important state objectives, determining the development potential of any state, capable of ensuring the quality and quantity of human capital. This article was prepared within the framework of the MES RK project «Educational migration from Kazakhstan: trends, factors and socio-political consequences»; Oneof the priority objectives of this project is to study the experience of foreign countries, in particular theRussian Federation, in the field of monitoring and regulating student migration, identifying mechanisms to stimulate the return of young people after receiving education abroad.Key words: international educational migration, higher education, Russia, internationalization ofeducation, academic mobility.

Features of educational migration from Kazakhstan to China

Opening speech about a research subject. Article is devoted to the analysis of the educational migrationdirected from Kazakhstan to China. According to the author, educational immigration has both positive,and negative aspects. This process has several key effects for many countries and for developmentof Kazakhstan: political, economic, social and demographic.The purpose, the main directions and the ideas of scientific research – to study features of the internationaleducational migration on the example of a student’s stream from Kazakhstan to China. Maindirections of a research: to study historical, social and economic, cultural and psychological and otherprerequisites of emergence of a student’s stream in the People’s Republic of China, to reveal features offunctioning of a system of the international student’s mobility and to define the place of a stream fromKazakhstan to China in this system; to study existing in Kazakhstan intermediary the organizations, supportingreceipt in the Chinese higher education institutions; to study the institutes promoting maintenanceof a student’s stream and RK in the accepting cities of the People’s Republic of China, to describeprocess of formation of social networks of the Kazakhstan students in China.Short description of the scientific and practical importance of work. Educational migration is one ofthe most acute and problematic issues in modern society. Educational migration from RK in the People’sRepublic of China in this case – not an exception. Therefore the author made an attempt to clear somemain lines of this process. The scientific and practical value of this research does not raise doubts.The methodology of a research is based on system, comparative, content – and an event analysis.Educational migrations are a multidimensional phenomenon therefore also approaches to studying ofmigration of this type are many-sided.Main results and analysis, research conclusions: Educational migrations on number concede only tothe labor and forced migrations and are considered as some of the most large-scale in the world. Theyoccur both on international, and on interstate levels. Thus, obvious economic, social, political advantagesof educational migration have to become the basis to make development of educational migrationby an important part of migration policy of Kazakhstan.The value of the conducted research (the made contribution of this work to the corresponding fieldof knowledge) makes a contribution to development of a research of migration processes. Especiallythe research of obrazovtayelny migration and its features in terms of political science is of a particularresearch interest.The practical value of results of work allows to find the answer to a research question of the determinantssetting the direction of educational migration and the international student’s mobility.Key words: the international educational migration, the higher education, academic mobility, theKazakhstan-Chinese relations.

Образовательная миграция в Евразии: новые тренды

International educational migration is becoming more intense in the modern world. The article presents the analysis of educational migration in the Eurasian space, are defined new attraction centers of educational migration in the region. Systematization of theoretical approaches to the study of this process and research of trends in migration movements allowed the author to identify the features of educational migration in the region. Significant attention is paid to the factors influencing the migration plans of students, the consequences of educational migration. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is made about the opportunities and consequences of educational migration, the fact that today there is a intense competition between the world’s educational centers for attracting and retaining educational migrants. The authors pay attention to the consideration of educational migration, both from the point of view of a positive phenomenon and from the point of view of the negative phenomenon. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the possibilities and consequences of educational migration, the fact that today there is a sharp competition between the world’s educational centers for attracting and retaining educational migrants. The authors have identified the contribution of the countries of the Eurasia region to the formation of migration flows, and new centers for the attraction of educational migrants have been identified.Key words: educational migration, educational migrants, education market, Eurasia, Kazakhstan.

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION OF UKRAINIAN YOUNG PEOPLE: REASONS, CONSEQUENCES

The article includes analysis of empirical sociological study on student opinions about the causes of international educational migration of the Ukrainian youth and the consequences of its transformation into a work migration. The study was conducted by the Center for Black Sea Studies in Sociology National University Petro Mohyla in February 2017. The object is students of higher educational institutions of 3–4 accreditation, Mykolaiv (396 pers.). Type of research: a representative survey. Sample — multistage: the first stage — the general group; the second stage — the target group (graduating students and students of the first courses); the third stage — the quota group (50 % of male and 50 % female). The survey was conducted by online questionnaires, processing — using integrated application package SPSS. Students respondents consider that the main reasons for the increasing number of educational migrants among the Ukrainian youth are: the insufficient state of training in institutions of higher education of Ukraine (the problem of employment with Ukrainian university education, corruption) and lack of stability in the country and prospects for improvement. Respondents have an interest in international educational migration intentions to Europe, USA, Canada, Australia by themselves. This intentions can be explained, other than mentioned above, by the specialty of the Mykolaiv region’s settlement, multi-ethnic composition of its population. Respondents were asked to evaluate such effects of transformation educational migration on work migration as worsening of the demographic situation in Ukraine, decrease in the number of working-age population, loss of intellectual capacity, economic losses due to transfer of people’s own savings outside the country, decrease in demand for national products and services and as a consequence — reducing employment in the country. For each of the above factors was high enough percentage of answers «difficult to answer» and «not important». That may be associated both with a positive perception of students’ work migration, and with the features of this sociodemographic group. In the opinion of the survey compiler, solving the problem of slowdowns in the international educational migration of the Ukrainian youth is to reform higher education system of Ukraine in order to bring it to the level of European quality standards and overcoming such a negative phenomena as a corruption and academic plagiarism. This can be achieved only through joint efforts of the educational process actors and authorities in the context of progressive changes in economic, political and social spheres.

Международная образовательная миграция в современной России: особенности, проблемы и перспективы

Международная образовательная миграция в современной России: особенности, проблемы и перспективы