International Congress Of Parasitology Research Articles

ICOPA 2022: living with parasites, collaborating globally, and breaking a glass ceiling

ICOPA 2022: living with parasites, collaborating globally, and breaking a glass ceiling

Life cycle of International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA).

Life cycle of International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA).

The American Society of Parasitologists: Who Are We Now?*

s submitted, at our national meetings has remained remarkably stable, with an average of 146 abstracts per year in the 41 years for which these data are available, with the exception of a few unusually high years. These exceptions have occurred on special occasions, such as our 50th Anniversary meeting in 1975, *Presidential address: 86th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 3 June 2011, Sheraton Anchorage Hotel and Spa, Anchorage, Alaska. DOI: 10.1645/GE-2980.1 FIGURE 1. Contrast between American Society of Parasitologist (ASP) membership and meeting participation (based on abstracts submitted) for years for which these data are available since the Society’s founding in 1924. *Abstract numbers are not available for years of ASP’s joint meetings with the International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA). Inset details membership over last 10 yr. J. Parasitol., 97(6), 2011, pp. 967–973 F American Society of Parasitologists 2011

ICOPA X The 10th International Congress of Parasitology

ICOPA X The 10th International Congress of Parasitology

ICOPA X The 10th International Congress of Parasitology

ICOPA X The 10th International Congress of Parasitology

第9回国際寄生虫学会について

第9回国際寄生虫学会について

First international congress of parasitology and tropical medicine: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 25–28 August 1994

First international congress of parasitology and tropical medicine: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 25–28 August 1994

First international congress of parasitology and tropical medicine: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 25–28 August 1994

First international congress of parasitology and tropical medicine: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 25–28 August 1994

Fine structure of trophozoites and cysts of the pathogenic diplomonad Spironucleus muris.

Using light and electron microscopy, we studied the ultrastructure of Spironucleus muris (syn. Hexamita muris) from spontaneously and experimentally infected normal and athymic mice. Kinetosomes and cytoskeletal fibers arranged in two-fold rotational symmetry are similar to the species Spironucleus elegans from amphibians. Taxonomic proposals and a possible evolutionary scheme for diplomonad genera accepted at the last International Congress of Parasitology are given. The genus Hexamita should be divided into two new genera: Hexamita (usually free-living) and Spironucleus (exclusively parasitic). We consider previous descriptions of hexamitiasis in rodents as dealing with spironucleosis. We distinguish a fresh and an old cyst of the parasite on the basis of structure, light refraction, location in the host, and infectivity. The transition from a fresh to an old cyst parallels the dessication of feces. The trophozoites can damage the microvilli and penetrate into the epithelium. We explain the differences in findings concerning intestinal lesions and forms of the disease (from acute to chronic to latent) by differences in the virulence of different parasite strains and by differences in inherent host resistance.

?World United Against Parasitism? Fourth International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA IV) Warszawa, Poland

?World United Against Parasitism? Fourth International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA IV) Warszawa, Poland

Third International Congress of Parasitology, Munich, August, 1974

Third International Congress of Parasitology, Munich, August, 1974

Activities of the world federation of Parasitologists on the Occasion of the IIIrd International Congress of Parasitology (Munich, 25–31 August 1974)

Activities of the world federation of Parasitologists on the Occasion of the IIIrd International Congress of Parasitology (Munich, 25–31 August 1974)

Resolutions of the Third International Congress of Parasitology

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The Colloquium on the Zoogeography and Ecology of Ectoparasites, their Hosts and Related Infections at the Second International Congress of Parasitology, Washington, D.C. (1970)1

Journal Article The Colloquium on the Zoogeography and Ecology of Ectoparasites, their Hosts and Related Infections at the Second International Congress of Parasitology, Washington, D.C. (1970) Get access Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 9, Issue 6, 20 December 1972, Pages 583–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/9.6.583 Published: 20 December 1972

The second international congress of parasitology, Washington D.C.—A daring experiment?

The second international congress of parasitology, Washington D.C.—A daring experiment?

Changes in Serum Proteins of Rats Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

Rats inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii were bled from the orbital sinus at various intervals postinfection. The most remarkable changes in serum proteins were a rise in -y-globulin and a fall in albumin during the acute stage of the infection. Antibodies measured in the dye test began appearing after 3 days of infection and rose to maximum titers by the 4th and 5th days. Serum protein analysis by starch block electrophoresis revealed the dye test antibodies to reside in the y-globulin fraction. Immunoelectrophoresis indicated major changes in the aand y-globulin fractions. These findings are discussed and compared with results of similar studies in mice. Although there exists many descriptions of the pathologic changes in tissues of man and animals resulting from infection with Toxoplasma gondii, there are only meager reports on the biochemical changes in serum induced by infection with the parasite. Recent observations in our laboratory have revealed remarkable alterations in the electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic patterns of the serum proteins of mice infected with various strains of toxoplasma (Remington, in press). Similar studies in rats, which unlike mice do not succumb to infection with toxoplasma, have demonstrated serum protein changes differing from those occurring in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats, weighing 150 to 250 g, of the Sprague-Dawley strain were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 X 106 parasites of the RH strain of toxoplasma obtained from peritoneal fluid of 3-day infected Swiss-Webster mice. To prepare the inocula, peritoneal fluid was centrifuged at 275 g for 15 min, the supernate discarded, and the precipitate washed three times with 0.15 M NaCl. Following the last wash, the precipitate was suspended in 40 ml 0.15 M NaCl and filtered through a Baird-Tatlock P-3 filter to separate white blood cells from organisms. Following centrifugation of the filtrate, the organisms were resuspended in saline and counted in a NeubauerLevy hemocytometer. Appropriate dilutions were Received for publication 8 January 1965. * Presented in part before the First International Congress of Parasitology, Rome, Italy, 21-26 September 1964 (Remington, 1964). Supported by Grants No. AI-04717, No. AI 260 and No. FR-05053 from NIH. t Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Palo Alto Medical Research Foundation; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California. then made to prepare inocula containing the calculated numbers of parasites desired. Each rat was bled from the orbital sinus prior to and at various time intervals following inoculation of the parasites. To determine if repeated bleedings of amounts necessary for these studies will alter serum protein patterns as noted in infected animals, a separate series of ten rats were bled every 5 days for 30 days as a control. Changes in immunoelectrophoretic and electrophoretic patterns similar to those which occurred in infected animals did not occur in the control series. Variations did occur but were not considered significant. An attempt was made to divide the animals into groups such that, as nearly as possible, a rat would not be bled more often than every 5 days. Samples of blood were allowed to clot at room temperature for 1 hr, centrifuged at 1,000 g for 45 min at 4 C and the sera stored at -20 C. Sera were not used if hemolysis was present. Electrophoresis on paper and immunoelectrophoresis were performed on all serum samples either immediately after separation from the clot or within 10 days after freezing. Sera used for immunoelectrophoresis were not frozen and thawed more than once. Electrophoresis was performed on Whatman 3 mm paper strips using barbital buffer, pH 8.6, in a model-R, series-D Spinco paper electrophoresis cell. Electrophoresis was allowed to continue for 26 hr to obtain satisfactory separation of al-globulins from the albumin fractions. Strips were dried 30 min at 120 C, stained with bromphenol blue, rinsed twice in 5% acetic acid, and fixed in 0.9% sodium acetate in 10% acetic acid. The strips were scanned with a Spinco-model-R analytrol. Each peak (protein fraction) was delimited by marking the lowest point between each peak of the recording trace. The percentage of the total area represented by an individual component was calculated from areas underneath the curves between relevant pairs of delimiting lines using the integrator tracing. Zone electrophoresis in starch was performed as previously described (Merler et al., 1963). Immunoelectrophoresis was performed using the micromethod of Scheidegger (1955) with 1% agar in borate buffer pH 8.6 (, = 0.064). After the precipitin lines developed to maximal intensity

Leishmaniasis in the Sudan Republic. 22. Leishmania hoogstraali sp. n. in the Gecko

The isolation of a Leishmania from 5.8% of 138 geckos (Hemidactylus turcicus) examined by culture of cardiac blood in two kala azar study areas in the southern Sudan is described. On morphological and antigenic grounds, this strain is designated as Leishmania hoogstraali sp. n. The work of Heisch (1958) and MansonBahr and Heisch (1961) in Kenya, as well as that of others, has suggested that reptilian Leishmania species should be considered in kala azar epidemiological studies. Leishmania adleri was isolated from the lizard Latastia longicaudata revoili during search for a vector of kala azar in Kenya. This species, which is antigenically more closely related to L. donovani than to any other mammalian species (Adler and Adler, 1955), produced local induration in man when inoculated intradermally or subcutaneously. The induration persisted for a month, and the parasite could be recovered up to a week after inoculation. The possibility of positive leishmanin skin reactions resulting from infection with such parasites under natural conditions was suggested. One facet of kala azar investigations recently carried out in southern Sudan by the United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three (NAMRU-3) was an appraisal of the possible significance of reptilian hemoflagellates in the epidemiology of the human disease. During these studies, in January and FebReceived for publication 22 September 1964. * From Research Project MR005.09-1603.9, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or of the naval service at large. This study was supported in part by Research Grant E-4823 from NIAID, NIH, United States Public Health Service. A summary of this paper was presented at the First International Congress of Parasitology, Rome, in September, 1964. t School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia, and Guest Investigator, Department of Medical Zoology, United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Egypt, U.A.R. and Malakal, Upper Nile, Sudan. ruary 1963, the writer isolated from the gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus), a Leishmania which is now described as a new species. The epidemiological significance of this and of another reptilian hemoflagellate found in the study area will be discussed in a future publication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Geckos (Hemidactylus spp.) were collected from the thatched roofs and walls of native tukls (huts) in two areas 100 miles apart, where kala azar has been intensively studied by NAMRU-3. These areas, in the vicinity of Paloich (32?32' E, 10?27' N) and Malakal (31039' E, 9031.5' N), Upper Nile Province, have been described by Hoog traal et al. (1962, 1963) and by Van Peenen and Reid (1963). Each gecko was prepared for cardiac puncture by lifting a small area of skin over the heart with fine forceps and removing the flap with heated scissors. After further cauterization of the exposed ar a, a sterile glass capillary, drawn to a point, was introduced into the heart for withdrawal of blood. Approximately 5 mm3 of blood was inoculated into individual tubes of Tobie's (1950) diphasic medium. The eventual mortality from a single cardiac puncture was about 20%. A thin blood film was prepared from each gecko and stained with Giemsa after fixation in methanol. Tissues were not examined for leishmanial forms. Slopes of the medium used were prepared in Cairo by adding 2.5 ml of base containing 10% of defibrinated rabbit blood together with 700 units crystalline penicillin and 700 ,ug streptomycin sulphate per ml into screw capped tubes. These were airfreighted to southern Sudan, the time in transit being about 2 weeks, and on arrival were stored in a refrigerator until used. An overlay of 1.5 ml of sterile Locke's solution containing similar concentrations of antibiotics as the base, was added to each tube before use. A low-temperature incubator was not available at the period of this investigation and cultures were held in an air-conditioned room in which temperatures ranged between 18.9 C to 27.7 C, with an average daily variation of 5.6 C. Cultures were examined for flagellate forms after about 7 days and at 21 days.

Opisthorchis viverrini in Thailand: The Life Cycle and Comparison with O. felineus

Of over 6,000 examinees in northeast Thailand, 79% were found to be infected with the human hepatic trematode viverrini. Some 90% of all examinees over the age of 10 were positive, and it is estimated that over 3.5 million persons in that country harbor the parasite. The snail hosts are Bithynia goniomphalus, B. funiculata, and B. laevis. The oculate and pleurocercous cercaria resembles that of felineus. The flame cell patter of the cercaria as it leaves the snail host is 2[(3 + 3) + (3 + 3 + 3)], differentiating it from the cercaria of felineus, and establishing and as separate species. The most important fish intermediate hosts are Punteus orphoides, Hampala dispar, and Cyclocheilicthys siaja, although a total of nine species were found to harbor the metacercariae. It is postulated, on the basis of seasonal fluctuations, that the largest number of human infections occur during the last portion of the rainy season and the first third of the dry (September to February). The characteristics which have been reported to differentiate adult from have been studied but it has not been possible to separate the two species on the morphological characteristics of egg or adult. Thus, although not of practical laboratory significance, at present the only certain means of distinguishing between the two species is the flame cell patterns of cercariae or metacercariae. Little was known of human hepatic trematodes in Thailand or the neighboring countries until 1953-1955 when Sadun (1955) reported that was widespread in the northeast. Prior to his investigations only a few scattered reports concerning in Thailand were available. In 1908 Verdun and Bruyant noted that Opisthorchis felineus was found in Indochina, and in 1911 Leiper recovered Opisthorchis viverrini from a human autopsy in Chiengmai (northwest) Thailand. Sixteen years later Prommas (1927) reported a single case of 0. felineus from a Received for publication 22 May 1964. * U. S. Army SEATO Medical Research Laboratory, APO 146, San Francisco, Calif. (Rajavithi Road, Bangkok). t The Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine. This work was supported in part by the U. S. Army Medical R & D Grant No. DA-MD-49193-63-G96. Portions of this work were presented at the 7th International Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Rio de Janeiro, 1963, and the First International Congress of Parasitology, Rome, 1964. Please direct your request for reprints to: Department of Medical Zoology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. 20012. human autopsy in northern Thailand, and in 1929 Bedier and Chesneau reported that 0. viverrini was present in 23% of 1,231 examinees in Takhek, and in 15% of 523 persons in Vientiane, Laotian cities immediately across t e Mekhong River from Thailand. Inasmuch as Sadun (1955) reported only from Thailand, it appears that the reports of 0. felineus may have been in error. In any case, following the initial description of O. by Poirier (1886), uncertainty has surrounded the validity of the species. Erhardt (1935), on the basis of findings of other investigators, but without examining himself, reported that this species is not identical with tenuicollis, in contrast to the opinions of Price (1932), Vogel (1932), Faust (1949), and Dawes (1946). It should be noted that tenuicollis was recovered from a sea mammal, leading one to believe that marine intermediate hosts were involved. Ejsmont (1937) explained this by stating that these mammals often enter estuaries to feed on cyprinoid fish infected with metacercariae. He concluded that tenuicollis and should be considered as subspecies. Watson (1960) reported that tenuicollis is synonymous with felineus, thus possibly

Serological Characteristics and General Chemical Nature of the In vitro Exoantigens of T. cruzi

Serologic, immunologic, and chemical properties of substances produced during in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma cruzi were investigated. After cultivation of the organisms, the medium contained an antigen which fixed complement in the presence of homologous antisera and produced detectable circulating antibody when injected into experimental animals. Different serologic patterns were observed in an evaluation of the antigen in parallel complement fixation tests using standard somatic antigens as reference. Chemical analyses of the product indicate that it is a complex substance, possibly a glycoprotein. The findings suggest that exoantigen produced during culture of the organism differs from previously described somatic antigens. Complement fixation tests are the methods of choice for serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, particularly in cases of chronic infection (Pifano, 1960; Maekelt, 1960). However, the crude somatic antigens of T. cruzi used in the CF tests have been shown to lack specificity (Kelser, 1936; Liem and van Thiel, 1941; Romana and Gil, 1946; Chaffee et al., 1956). Treatment of somatic antigen with benzene and chloroform (de Freitas and Almeida, 1949) increased specificity but resulted in a loss of sensitivity. Recently, Fife and Kent (1960) prepared a purified protein antigen which gave excellent results in diagnostic tests, virtually eliminating cross reactivity except with sera from patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Development of feasible methods for mass cultivation of T. cruzi within cellulose sacs (Fife and Kent, 1960) made possible studies of an alternative, and previously unexplored T. cruzi antigen source, namely the exoantigens which might be produced during the in vitro cultivation of the parasite. Antigens liberated by parasites maintained in media have been Received for publication 7 August 1964. * From work done by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the M.S. degree at Howard University, Washington, D. C. t This work was presented, in part, at the 1st International Congress of Parasitology, Rome, 21-26 September 1964. previously studied (Sadun and Norman, 1957; Minning et al., 1958; Kagan and OliverGonzalez, 1958; Anderson et al., 1962; Sleeman et al., 1963). In addition, limited chemical analyses of similar products have been performed (Stirewalt, 1959; Stirewalt, 1963; Sleeman et al., 1963). In general, the investigations indicate that the antigenic materials liberated by organisms maintained in vitro are less complex than the somatic antigens, and that similar products liberated in vivo may play an important role in the immunogenic response of the host. The present study was conducted to dedermine whether detectable antigenic substances were produced by T. cruzi during in vitro cultivation and, if so, to study their serologic characteristics and general chemical

THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PARASITOLOGY

The Journal of ProtozoologyVolume 10, Issue 3 p. 262-262 THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PARASITOLOGY First published: August 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1963.tb01674.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue3August 1963Pages 262-262 RelatedInformation