International Conference Of Harmonization Research Articles

An eco-friendly spectrophotometric analysis tool with whiteness assessment to assay erythromycin in pharmaceutical formulation through metal complexation with Ni2+: application to the microbiological activity using agar diffusion method

A new, facile and eco-friendly spectrophotometric method for estimating erythromycin (ERY) in its dosage form has been proposed and validated. It depends on the formation of a complex between the drug and nickel at pH 7, using distilled water as a diluent, where the absorbance of the generated complex was measured at 228.5 nm. The formed complex followed a linear response over the concentration range of 80.0 to 300.0 µg/mL of ERY. The proposed method was fully validated according to international conference of harmonization (ICH) and was used to estimate the relevant concentration of the drug in its oral suspension formulation providing mean percentage recovery of 100.0±1.08 with a limit of detection and limit of quantification of 60 µg/mL and 80 µg/mL, respectively. the reaction stoichiometry was investigated and a reaction mechanism proposal was offered. Eventually, the antimicrobial effect of ERY and its metal complex with Ni2+ were compared using agar diffusion method, where no significant difference in their activities was observed.

Analytical Method Development and Validation Of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method For Assay and Related Substances of Paracetamol and Caffeine Effervescent Tablets: Review

he ongoing, interdependent tasks related to the departments of research and development, quality control, and quality assurance are the creation and validation of analytical methods. Analytical methods are essential for risk management and equivalency assessments. It aids in the development of acceptability standards unique to a product and the consistency of outcomes. Validations establish whether the analytical process is appropriate for the goal for which it was designed. A review of the literature indicates that paracetamol and caffeine can be determined individually or in combination with other medications using analytical techniques based on UV spectroscopy, RP-HPLC, and HPTLC. The parameters were checked for correctness, precision, robustness, and other aspects of analytical validation in accordance with ICH guidelines. The discovered techniques can be applied to the bulk and tablet dosage form analysis of paracetamol and caffeine in effervescent form since they are straight forward, sensitive, and repeatable. The review also outlines the applicability and constraints of numerous published analytical techniques for paracetamol and caffeine analysis. Stability studies have to be conducted on time and in compliance with the standards issued by the World Health Organization, International Conference of Harmonization, and other bodies. The capacity of a pharmaceutical product to meet the physical, chemical, microbiological, toxicological, protective, and informational requirements of a specific formulation in a particular container-closure system is known as its stability. It also ensures that a pharmaceutical product's effectiveness, safety, and performance will be maintained for the duration of its shelf life, which is seen as a need for approval and acceptability. The requirement for ongoing quality and purity monitoring of medications and products gave rise to various stability test techniques. This review covers the various drug substance stability categories as well as the applicability of various techniques for drug substances that are stable, the applicability of various methods used to test the pharmaceutical product's stability, guidelines released to test the pharmaceutical product's stability, protocols for stability testing that outline the essential elements of a well-managed and regulated stability test, and other aspects of stability are all covered in this review. The researcher working on paracetamol and caffeine in effervescent form will greatly benefit from this thorough review study.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method Validation for Identifying and Quantifying Rebamipide in Ethosomes.

Introduction The research aimed to develop a robust, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for the quantitative assessment of rebamipide encapsulated in ethosomes. Rebamipide, a quinolinone derivative, holds promise as a therapeutic agent for dry eye, but challenges such as low bioavailability and vision clouding post-installation have prompted innovative approaches. Encapsulation in ethosomes, lipid-based nanovesicles, offers a potential solution to enhance ocular bioavailability. Materials and methods The study focused on creating a specific, linear, accurate, precise, and robust HPLC method, addressing entrapment efficiency (%EE), drug content, and drug release of rebamipide in prepared ethosomes. Statistical validation followed International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) specifications. The method's parameters were evaluated within a concentration range of 4-24 µg/ml, with recovery rates indicating accuracy and low % relative standard deviation (RSD) values confirming precision. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for rebamipide were determined. Results After preparing the ethosome dosage form by film hydrating method for rebamipide, the rebamipide entrapment efficiency in ethosomes was established at 76% ± 7, while the drug content was found to be 93% ± 6. The drug release process demonstrated zero-order kineticsand five different models of kinetics were applied for a comprehensive analysis. The method exhibited excellent system suitability, specificity, and linearity. Recovery rates for rebamipide ranged from 90% to 100%, and repeatability was confirmed by low %RSD values. The LOD and LOQ for rebamipide were determined to be 1.04 μg/mL and 3.16 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The developed HPLC method proved suitable for the quantitative determination of rebamipide in ethosomes, offering rapid and accurate analysis. The results underscore the method's specificity, accuracy, and precision within the specified concentration range. Overall, the validated method contributes to the advancement of ocular drug delivery systems, providing a reliable analytical tool for pharmaceutical research.

Utility of green chemistry for sustainable fluorescence derivatization approach for quantification of fingolimod as antineoplastic drug in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma

Fingolimod is the immune-suppressive medication, that largely used for multiple sclerosis treatment, thought to be the most prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Here in, a second spectrofluorimetric method was advanced for quantifying of fingolimod in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma. That method depends on fluorescence derivatization of fingolimod with 4‑chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) at 75°C in a (pH 9) of borate buffer to produce a fluorescent derivative which can be detected at 540 nm afterwards excitation at 475 nm. The method has been validated using international conference of harmonization (ICH criteria), and it demonstrated linearity in a range of 1–100 ngmL−1. The proposed method was applied precisely and accurately for quantifying fingolimod within pharmaceutical formulation and spiking human plasma without any interferences. The proposed method was more sensitive, about six folds of intensity of the reported spectrofluorometric method and greenness comparison was done only on the proposed method . Moreover, the method's sustainability was evaluated and compared to the published method using two greenness assessment tools termed analytical eco-scale and Analytical GREENness (AGREE). That findings suggest that the method is more sustainable than the published method.

Eco-friendly, sensitive and inventive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of ciprofloxacin and phenylephrine in their pure form, single and combined eye drops

A facile, sensitive, accurate and green spectrofluorimetric method was evolved for the assay of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFX) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PLN) in their co-formulated eye drops with their challengeable ratio of 30:1 for CFX and PLN, respectively. Such drops are clinically used for the treatment of eye bacterial infections. They relieve the symptoms of infection by stopping further growth of the causative microorganisms. The assay principle based on first-order synchronous spectrofluorometric scan using Δ λ = 40 nm in which PLN peak amplitudes were recorded at 283.4 nm, meanwhile CFX was measured at 326.2 nm in the same scans. The calibration curves were linear within the concentration ranges: 0.02–0.5 µg/mL and 0.5–5.0 µg/mL for PLN and CFX, respectively. The method validation was confirmed following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines. This suggested method was the first one that described simultaneous analysis of PLN and CFX by a spectrofluorimetric technique. In this method, green analytical procedures were implemented to lessen occupational and environmental perils and method greenness was assessed by four assessment tools. GAPI, NEMI, AGREE and Analytical eco-scale were applied to this study and it was deduced from their results that the method had high degree of greenness as it fulfilled all requirements of GAPI, NEMI pictograms and it had high scores of analytical eco scale (97) and AGREE methods (0.82). Subsequently, it was successfully applied to assay both drugs in pure forms, pharmaceutical single and co-formulated eye drops.

Stability indicating eco-friendly quantitation of terbutaline and its pro-drug bambuterol using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy

Quantitative 1H-NMR became an increasingly important issue in pharmaceutical analytical chemistry. This study used NMR spectroscopy to assay the bronchodilator drug terbutaline sulfate and its pro-drug bambuterol hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. The technique proceeded using deuterium oxide (D2O) as an 1H-NMR solvent and phloroglucinol anhydrous as an internal standard (IS). Comparatively, to the phloroglucinol signal at 5.9 ppm, the resulting quantitative signals of the studied drugs were corrected. The terbutaline singlet signal at 6.3 ppm was chosen for quantification, while the bambuterol quantitative singlet signal was at 2.9 ppm. The two drugs were rectilinear over the concentration range of 1.0–16.0 mg/mL. LOD values were 0.19 and 0.21 mg/mL while LOQ values were 0.58 and 0.64 mg/mL for terbutaline and bambuterol respectively. The developed method has been validated according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness. A greenness profile assessment was applied, and the method proved to be green. The method enables the assay of the two drugs in pure drug and pharmaceutical preparations. The method also enables the assay of the two drugs in the presence of each other; thus, it is considered a stability-indicating method where terbutaline is an acid degradation product of bambuterol.

Quantitative determination of potential genotoxic impurities in metformin hydrochloride and empagliflozin tablets through ultra-performance liquid chromatography[sbnd]mass spectrometry

An increasing number of drug research institutions consider genotoxic impurity research a core task in drug research and development. Peroxides in drugs may directly or indirectly attack and damage cell DNA, posing a potential carcinogenic risk to the human body. Currently, the literature only studies hydroperoxide impurities, and benzyl peroxide has not been studied yet. In this study, an effective method for ultra-performance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS) was established and verified to detect and quantify the potential genotoxic impurity (PGI), empagliflozin benzyl peroxide, in metformin–empagliflozin combination formulations, which has not been reported thus far. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (3.0 ×100 mm, 1.8 µm) column was used to achieve chromatographic separation with gradient elution. The mass spectrometry conditions were optimized using electrospray ionization in the negative mode. Following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, this methodology can quantify PGIs at 1.35 ng/mL (5.4 ppm) in samples. This validated method exhibited good linearity over a concentration range of 5.4 to 36 ppm, and the accuracy of this method was in the range of 83.2–95.0% for empagliflozin benzyl peroxide. This approach fills the gap in the detection method for benzyl peroxide impurities in metformin hydrochloride and empagliflozin tablets, providing technical support for the quality control of the drug.

Application of validated UV spectrophotometric and colorimetric method to quantify minoxidil in the development of trilayer dissolving microneedle: Proof of concept in ex vivo and in vivo studies in rats

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune-induced hair loss condition, by utilizing MNX, a hair growth-promoting compound. However, minoxidil (MNX) administration's efficacy is hindered by low bioavailability and adverse effects. To enhance its delivery, Trilayer Dissolving Microneedles (TDMN) are introduced, enabling controlled drug release. The study's primary was to establish a validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method for Minoxidil analysis in rat skin affected by alopecia areata. This method adheres to International Conference Harmonization (ICH) and FDA guidelines, encompassing accuracy, precision, linearity, quantification limit (QL), and detection limit (DL). The validation method was conducted through two approaches, namely UV region validation using PBS and the colorimetric method in the visible region (Vis). The validated approach is then employed for assessing in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Results indicate superior MNX extraction recovery using methanol compared to acetonitrile. Method C (5mL methanol) is optimal, offering high recovery with minimal solvent usage. Precision assessments demonstrate %RSD values within MNX guidelines (≤15%), affirming accuracy and reproducibility. UV-Vis spectroscopy quantifies MNX integration into TDMN, using PVA-PVP, with concentrations aligning with ICH standards (95% to 105%). In conclusion, TDMN holds promise for enhancing MNX delivery, mitigating bioavailability and side effect challenges. The validated UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method effectively analyzes MNX in skin tissues, providing insights into AA treatment and establishing a robust analytical foundation for future studies.

DEVELOPMENT OF ACECLOFENAC LOADED MICROSPONGE GELS: A STATISTICAL QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) APPROACH TOWARDS OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION

Objective: The current research aims to deliver Aceclofenac in a controlled manner through a microsponges-loaded drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammation. Methods: The formulations were prepared by the Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and characterized for particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. For the optimization of the formulation through the Quality by Design (QbD) approach, Quality target product profiles (QTPP) were set up considering various key factors that affect the quality of the formulation. Further optimization of the important factors in relation to the major Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) was conducted by applying full factorial design using the Design of Expert Software (11.0 software, Stat-Ease, Inc., USA). The optimized formulation was incorporated into the gel, and characterized for morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), drug content, and ex-vivo permeation studies (DD solver, Version 2.0). Results: It was found that process parameters such as drug-to-polymer ratio, the volume of the internal phase, and concentration of the emulsifier and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), played a crucial role in improving the drug entrapment efficiency and particle size. On the other hand, stirring time did not significantly affect the particle size. Through Design of Expert (DOE) analysis, a PVA concentration of 0.641 mg/ml and an internal phase volume of 12.5 ml were identified to be the ideal concentrations to obtain the optimized microspongal gel formulation (MS4). Characterization studies were carried out on MS4, which displayed a drug encapsulation of 94%, with a Cmax of 81.62 mg/ml, and a Tmax of 12 h. Stability studies carried out as per the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines confirmed no noticeable change in physical appearance and drug content. Conclusion: Overall, this study focused on optimizing the formulation of microsponges for efficient dermal drug delivery, considering various critical variables and process parameters. The resulting optimized formulation demonstrated promising drug release and potential for the effective management of inflammation disorders.

[68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor: Development of a fully automated in hospital production on the Trasis miniAllinOne synthesizer.

[68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor is a frequently used radiotracer to image the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in various malignancies, infections, and cardiovascular diseases. To answer increasing clinical needs, an automatized synthesis process ensuring efficient and reproducible production and improving operator's radioprotection is needed. [68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor synthesis has been described on other synthesizers but not on the miniAiO. In this work, we defined automated synthesis process and an analytical method for the quality control of [68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor. Validation batches were performed under aseptic conditions in a class A hotcell. All the quality controls required by the European Pharmacopea (Eur. Ph) were performed. The analytical methods were validated according to the International Conference Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. Validation batches were performed with a radiochemical yield of 94.8 ± 2.6%. All the quality controls were in conformity with the Eur. Ph, and the validation of the analytical method complied with the ICH. The environmental monitoring performed during the synthesis process showed that the aseptic conditions were ensured. [68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor was successfully synthesized with the miniAiO by a fully automated process. This robust production mode and the quality control have been validated in this study allowing to increase the access of patients to this new promising radiopharmaceutical.

Development of green micellar HPLC–DAD method for simultaneous determination of some sulbactam combinations used in COVID-19 regimen

In a new attempt to separate some sulbactam combinations by green chemical method we came up with this research in which an ecofriendly, green, sustainable and selective method was established for separation of four antibiotics, namely, cefoperazone (CFP), cefixime (CFX), ampicillin (AMP) and sulbactam (SLB). No organic solvents were used in the composition of the mobile phase as it was replaced by mixing two surfactants together, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene-23-lauryl ether (Brij-35). Effect of varying the concentrations of the two surfactants on chromatographic separation was studied. Optimum separation was maintained using a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 mol/L SDS, 0.03 mol/L Brij-35, 0.4% Tri-ethylamine (TEA) and pH of 2.8 adjusted by using 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid on reversed phase Isère C18 BDS column with temperature of 40 °C at flow rate 1 mL/min, wavelength 215 nm, and the total run time was 6 min. Validation of the proposed method has been made according International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines at linearity range of 10–200 µg mL−1 for all drugs under study, high accuracy results (recovery range 98.39–100.35%). and the variation coefficient (RSD) of the points on the calibration curve was ranged from (0.1–1.7%) indicating precise method. The LOQ was (6.09 μg mL−1) for CFP, (6.07 μg mL−1) for CFX, (3.85 μg mL−1) for AMP and (7.20 μg mL−1) for SLB. Successful applications were made on marketed dosage forms with recovery range of (100.16–102.25%) and RSD of (0.03–1.88%). The method was verified on the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness metric approach (AGREE) and it was found to be an excellent green alternative method.

Utility of eco-friendly microwave-assisted nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a luminescent nano-sensor for the ultra-sensitive analysis of tigecycline in dosage form and biological samples

In the presented work, simple, green, sensitive, and selective nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were developed as nano-sensor for quantification of tigecycline (TIG) in different matrices. The proposed method is based on microwave synthesis of green nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots with a high quantum yield (41.39%) and size diameter equal to 2.0 nm from the green juice of Eruca sativa leaves. The relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of the green synthesized quantum dots (N-CQDs) was quenched at emission 512 nm (excitation 445 nm) after the addition of TIG drug. A good linear range between TIG concentration and quenched fluorescence intensity of N-CQDs in the range 20–300 ng mL−1, with the lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) equal to 8.51 ng mL−1. The proposed method was validated using the international conference of harmonization (ICH) recommendation and bio-analytical validation using U.S. food and drug administration (US-FDA) guidelines. The N-CQDs have been fully characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The suggested technique is a straightforward analytical procedure that can be used in clinical laboratories. Under the optimum condition, TIG was estimated in human plasma with a high percentage of recovery ranging from 96.95 to 98.54%. In addition, the proposed method was applied effectively in milk samples with percentage of recovery equal to 98.90 ± 1.55.

Analytical Quality by Design Driven Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Quantification of Xanthohumol in Bulk and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.

Xanthohumol (XH) is a prenylated chalcone available naturally and has diverse pharmacological activities. It has some limitations in the physiological environment such as biotransformation and less gastrointestinal tract absorption. To overcome the limitations, we prepared nanoformulations [solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)] of XH. Therefore, an analytical method is required for the estimation of XH in the bulk nanoformulations, so we developed and validated a quality by design (QbD)-based ultraviolet (UV)-spectrophotometric method as per the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q2 (R1) guidelines. The new analytical Qbd based UV-visible spectrophotometric technique is developed and validated for estimation of XH in bulk and SLNs as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1). Critical method variables are selected on the basis of risk assessment studies. Optimization of method variables was performed using the a central composite design (CCD) model. Multiregression ANOVA analysis showed an R2 value of 0.8698, which is nearer to 1, indicating that the model was best fitted. The optimized method by CCD was validated for its linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and specificity. All validated parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits [% relative standard deviation (RSD) <2]. The method was linear between 2-12 g/mL concentration with R2 value 0.9981. Method was accurate with percent recovery 99.3-100.1%. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.77 and 2.36 μg/mL, respectively. The precision investigation confirmed that the method was precise with %RSD <2. The developed and validated method was applied to estimate XH in bulk and SLNs. The developed method was specific to XH, which was confined by the specificity study.

The first validated stability-indicating HPLC/DAD method for quantitation of Vericiguat in its pharmaceutical formulation; Application to degradation kinetic studies

The stability of innovative drug formulations and the development of appropriate stability-indicating methods remain major focuses of recent pharmaceutical analysis. In the present study, an efficient stability-indicating HPLC-DAD technique has been described and validated for the determination of Vericiguat (VER); a novel oral soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator used in heart failure. VER's stability under various stress conditions was examined. It was shown that VER was sensitive to alkaline, oxidative and thermal degradation. Mass spectrometry (MS) in electrospray ionization mode was performed to figure out the structure of the alkaline and oxidative degradation products. Efficient separation of VER and its induced degradation products was accomplished using isocratic elution mode on the Inertsil ODS-C18 column. The mobile phase composed of water: acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) with 0.1% O-phosphoric acid; pH was adjusted to 2.22 and a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min. VER was detected at 332 nm over a concentration range of 2.00–20.00 μg/mL. The retention time was 4.500 ± 0.005 min and the correlation coefficient was 0.9996. Following the International Conference of Harmonization's guidelines, the analysis was validated to be specific, fast, simple, precise and accurate for utilization in routine analysis and quality control of VER in its pharmaceutical formulation. Additionally, the suggested technique was expanded to investigate the kinetics of alkaline, oxidative and dry heat degradation.

Validated RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Perphenazine and Amitriptyline in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form

A new, simple, precise, rapid, selective and stability reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Perphenazine and Amitriptyline in pure form and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The method is based on Phenomenex Gemini C18 (4.6×250mm) 5µ column. The separation is achieved using isocratic elution by Methanol: TEA Buffer in the ratio of 65:35% v/v, pumped at flow rate 1.0mL/min and UV detection at 230nm. The column is maintained at 40°C throughout the analysis. The total run time is about 6min. The method is validated for specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity, robustness and ruggedness, system suitability, limit of detection and limit of quantitation as per International conference of harmonization (ICH) Guidelines. The method is accurate and linear for quantification of Perphenazine, Amitriptyline between 10 - 50µg/mL and 20 - 100µg/mL respectively. Further, satisfactory results are also established in terms of mean percent- age recovery (100.37% for Perphenazine and 100.34% for Amitriptyline, intra-day and inter-day precision (&lt;2%) and robustness. The advantages of this method are good resolution with sharper peaks and sufficient precision. The results indicate that the method is suitable for the routine quality control testing of marketed tablet formulations.

Formulation and stability study of an oral paediatric phenobarbital 1% solution containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins

ObjectivesPhenobarbital is a barbiturate, used to treat focal and generalised epilepsy. Since the end of marketing of the oral solution KANEURON in 2017, phenobarbital tablets remain the only available dosage...

Utility of a xanthene-based dye for determination of nilotinib using two spectroscopic approaches. Applications to bulk powder, capsules, and spiked human plasma.

Novel, selective, facile, and precise spectroscopic approaches were validated to determine nilotinib hydrochloride, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. These approaches depend on the reaction of the tertiary amine group of nilotinib with erythrosine B in the Britton-Robinson buffer at pH4. Method I, depends on measuring the absorbance of the formed complex at 551 nm. The absorbance concentration plot showed linearity over the concentration range of 1.0 to 9.0μg/ml. Method II, involved the measurement of the quenching of the native fluorescence of erythrosine B by adding nilotinib in an acidic medium. The fluorescence quenching of erythrosine B was measured at 549 nm after excitation at 528 nm. This approach showed excellent linearity in the concentration range of 0.04 to 0.7μg/ml. The limit of detection values for Method I and Method II were 0.225 and 0.008 μg/ml, respectively, while the limit of quantitation values for Method I and Method II were 0.68 and 0.026 μg/ml, respectively. To get the optimal conditions, factors that may affect the formation of the ion-pairing complex were thoroughly examined. The two approaches were carefully validated following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH Q2R1) guidelines. Statistical assessment of the results achieved using the suggested and previously published comparison approaches showed no significant difference. The approaches were successful in determining nilotinib in a pharmaceutical dosage form as well as spiked human plasma samples. The eco-friendly properties of the methods were evaluated by three different tools.

Simultaneous densitometric determination of β-sitosterol and lupeol through validated HPTLC method in different plant parts of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. – A dashmool species

Abstractβ-sitosterol (BS) and lupeol (LU) exhibit a number of biological activities and are the important bioactive marker compounds in pharmaceutical science. In the present study, a simple, precise, accurate and validated high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of these two compounds in leaves, stem and roots of Uraria picta, a critically endangered medicinal plant and one of the important constituents of ten plants ayurvedic formulation called Dashmoola. Standards and test samples were applied on TLC aluminum plate precoated with 0.2 mm layer of silica gel 60F254. The plate was run in a twin glass chamber comprising toluene: methanol: chloroform (8:1:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The plates were immersed in anisaldehyde-sulfuric reagent and then heated at 105 °C for 5 min in CAMAG TLC plate heater for appearance of bands. Densitometric scanning was performed at λmax = 525 nm using tungsten light source in CAMAG TLC Scanner4 armed with WinCATS software. RF values of BS and LU standards and those of test samples were found to be 0.53 ± 0.01 and 0.63 ± 0.01 respectively. The method was further validated by following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. For BS and LU, the linear regression data for the calibration plots revealed a satisfactory linear association with r2 = 0.995 and 0.998, respectively. Linear range for both BS and LU was 200–600 ng/band. Accuracy of the method was evaluated by performing recovery study at three different levels by standard addition methods with an average recovery of 99.86% and 101.07%. The results revealed that the leaf samples of U. picta contained highest concentration of BS (0.150 ± 0.02%) while its root samples confined the highest concentration of LU (0.149 ± 0.01%). The developed method can be applied for routine and quality control analysis in different herbal formulations containing U. picta species.

Development and validation of RP HPLC method for the estimation of methyl paraben sodium and propyl paraben sodium in iron protein succinylate syrup

AbstractA new precise, selective and reliable reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of Methyl paraben sodium (MPS) and Propyl paraben sodium (PPS) (preservatives) in Iron protein succinylate syrup. Optimized conditions were; Methanol: Water (65: 35) as mobile phase, UV/Vis detector at the wavelength of 254 nm and flow rate was set at 1.3 ml min−1. By applying the set of conditions, separation of components was carried out in less than 7 min for both the analytes. The method was validated according to International conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and the analytical characteristic parameters of validation included specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness were evaluated. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 0.045 mg mL−1 to 0.075 mg mL−1 for Methyl paraben sodium and 0.015 mg mL−1 to 0.025 mg mL−1 for propyl paraben sodium with a correlation coefficient r2 &gt; 0.999. Accuracy; reported as percentage recovery was found to be in the range of 98.71%–101.64% for Methyl paraben sodium and 99.85%–101.47% for Propyl paraben sodium at 80%, 100% and 120% concentration for both the analytes. The proposed method was found to be precise and robust when evaluated by variations in wavelength, mobile phase composition, temperature and analyst. The limit of detection (LOD) was found 0.001 mg mL−1 (3 ppm) for Methyl paraben sodium and 0.001 mg mL−1 (1 ppm) for Propyl paraben sodium.

Green Spectrophotometric Determination of Two Cephalosporin Drugs Used in COVID-19 Regimen Through Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis.

Cefixime trihydrate (CFX) and cefuroxime axetil (CFU) are antibacterial drugs. They are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infection and recently in COVID-19 treatment. In this article, the two antibacterial drugs, CFX and CFU, were determined by a new simple, sensitive, effective, and green spectrophotometric method via reaction with silver nitrate (AgNO3). The reaction was based on reduction of AgNO3 by the cited drugs to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) as stabilizing agent. Very intense surface plasmon resonance peaks were obtained at 435 nm for CFX and CFU that allow quantitative determination of the drugs. The calibration curves were linear with concentration ranges of 0.2-1.4 μg/mL and 0.3-2.1 μg/mL for CFX and CFU, respectively. Validation of the proposed method has been done according to ICH (International Conference of Harmonization) guidelines; the method was verified on the Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Greenness metric approach (AGREE) in regard to its greenness and was found to be an excellent green alternative method. A very sensitive and green spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of CFX and CFU in pure and dosage form. The developed method not previously reported for simultaneous determination of CFX and CFU.