International Commission On Irrigation And Drainage Research Articles

Editorial: Special issue of Irrigation and Drainage with selected papers of the 25th Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) on the theme “Tackling water scarcity in agriculture”

Editorial: Special issue of <i>Irrigation and Drainage</i> with selected papers of the 25th Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) on the theme “Tackling water scarcity in agriculture”

Tackling water scarcity in agriculture—Asian Development Bank's perspective

Abstract‘Tackling water scarcity in agriculture’, which is the theme of the 25th Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), is at the crux of the global challenge of ensuring a climate‐resilient and water‐ and food‐secure world for future generations. The Asian region faces significant threats due to its high vulnerability to climate change impacts and growing food insecurity and water stress across many river basins. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is stepping up assistance in line with the international commitments by the multilateral financial institutions. There are significant opportunities that are tapped to address this theme, including (i) exploring and replicating highly successful experiences of enhancing irrigated agriculture productivity manifold as seen in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh and in other South Asian countries; (ii) reinvigorating efforts to operationalize integrated water resources management in river basins; (iii) adopting new technologies, such as remote sensing and automation, and digital technologies, including artificial intelligence; and (iv) pursuing institutional and financing innovations. Resources of ADB and other multilateral institutions can be utilized to develop and demonstrate successful innovations before they are replicated by the own sources of the developing countries.

International actions in spurring innovation in agriculture water management

AbstractThe multifaceted global challenges such as the ever‐growing food demand, climate change and rising commodity prices bring to the fore the need for more productive food systems. Irrigation is arguably a principal strategy to increase agricultural productivity and improve the resilience to climate change. A systems‐based approach to produce more food with less resources, through innovative practices and digital tools, can support integrated information for water management to strengthen resources' governance and inform decision‐making. Context‐based innovations must target end users with aims for inclusive governance, recognizing gender and indigenous and traditional knowledge. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) accelerates actions with partners such as the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) by mobilizing data, innovation and technology through diverse stakeholder groups through inclusive and gender‐responsive approaches, to guide, through national strategies, regional platforms and collaboration, agricultural development, and enable investment and behaviour change, supported by innovative practices, tools and digital solutions.

A comparative study of Water Control Cultures in China, Japan, and South Korea

The number of World Irrigation Heritage Sites (WHIS), selected by the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), have reached 140 as of 2023, and 83 of them are located in Asia, China, Japan and Korea, which accounts for more than 65% of the total1. This shows that the value of the Eastern Irrigation Project is being recognized worldwide. As an irrigation project, the engineering technology used and the effect of irrigation on the people are one of the most concerned topics, but the spiritual value behind the project are less explored. This paper is based on the investigation and comparison of varied Oriental irrigation heritages of China, Japan and Korea in the register, extracting the common Oriental water control culture of the three countries, and proposing the use of such a culture to help the collaboration around heritage protection in East Asia.

Impacts of population growth and climate change on food production and irrigation and drainage needs: A world‐wide view*

AbstractThe world population is expected to grow from 7.8 billion at present to 9.7 billion by 2050 and 10.9 billion by the end of the century. The growth is especially expected in urban areas of the countries with a low, medium, and high human development index (HDI) in Africa and Asia. Especially because of the on‐going increase in farm sizes in the rural areas of the countries with a medium, high, and very high HDI, a reduction in population in these areas may be expected. In the countries with a low HDI, this reduction is expected to start at a later stage.Globally, prospects of increasing the gross cultivated area are limited by the decrease of suitable sites for land reclamation or large‐scale irrigation and drainage projects. Therefore, increase in food production will largely rely on a more accurate application of the crop water requirements and modernization or improved operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage systems. These issues have to be analysed in light of the expected impacts of climate change and environmental sustainability.This paper presents the relevant impacts of these issues on the need to increase food production and for sustainable irrigation and drainage system development and management. In light of this, the goals and objectives of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) Strategic Action Plan are presented.

Preface

This proceeding consisted of peer-review papers from the First International Seminar on Civil and Environmental Engineering (ISCEE) 2020, which was organized by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, in collaboration with the Center of Disaster Studies of IPB University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Department of Civil Engineering Halu Oleo University, and Department of Civil Engineering Padang State University on November 2nd – 4th, 2020. This conference expressed our concern for establishing and developing aspects related to the effective, innovative, and environmentally-friendly disaster mitigation system to develop a robust infrastructure resilient, with the topics of disaster mitigation and adaptation; risk management; vulnerability assessment; environmental management; environmental engineering and technology; innovative construction materials; robust structure construction; information technology for disaster management; spatial modelling and analysis; agriculture infrastructure and technology; water resources engineering.This conference had gathered the plenary sessions presented by 1 (one) honorable keynote speaker and 5 (five) distinguished invited speakers during the conference from Japan, Thailand, Iran and Indonesia on interesting topics such as Innovation in Disaster Mitigation of Indonesia and Its Challenge delivered by Head of Indonesian Board for Natural Disaster Affairs, Letjend Doni Monardo; Soil Improvement Technique for Liquefaction Prevention delivered by Prof. Hideaki Yasuhara from Ehime University, Japan; Environmental Recovery in Fukushima delivered by Prof. Masaru Mizoguchi from The University of Tokyo, Japan; Earthquake Risk Reduction in Asia delivered by Prof. Pennung Warnitchai from Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand; Zero Runoff System delivered by Prof. Budi Indra Setiawan from IPB University, Indonesia and Drainage Infrastructures for the Prevention of Flooding in Megacities delivered by Vice President ICID (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage), Dr. Kamran Emami (Iran)ISCEE 2020 had organized successfully with 65 presenters and more than 300 participants from around the world. A total of 101 research articles were submitted and 52 papers had been accepted by the peer review process to be processed to IOP Conferences Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) for publication.We would like to express our sincere gratitude to scientific committees, reviewers, and all participants. The acknowledgment is mainly addressed to keynotes and invited speakers, presenters, and moderators for this conference.

EDITORIAL

Irrigation and DrainageVolume 69, Issue 2 p. 195-198 Editorial EDITORIAL Saeed Nairizi, Corresponding Author Saeed Nairizi s.nairizi@toossab.net President Honoraire, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., Mashhad, IranCorrespondence to: Dr Saeed Nairizi, President Hon, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), Head of the Board and Managing Director of TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., P.O. Box 91775-1569, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-51-37684600, Fax: +98-51-37644326; E-mail: s.nairizi@toossab.netSearch for more papers by this authorFelix B. Reinders, Felix B. Reinders President, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), ARC-Agricultural Engineering, Silverton, Pretoria, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author Saeed Nairizi, Corresponding Author Saeed Nairizi s.nairizi@toossab.net President Honoraire, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., Mashhad, IranCorrespondence to: Dr Saeed Nairizi, President Hon, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), Head of the Board and Managing Director of TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., P.O. Box 91775-1569, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-51-37684600, Fax: +98-51-37644326; E-mail: s.nairizi@toossab.netSearch for more papers by this authorFelix B. Reinders, Felix B. Reinders President, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), ARC-Agricultural Engineering, Silverton, Pretoria, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 April 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2430Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume69, Issue2April 2020Pages 195-198 RelatedInformation

CHINA'S PLANS AND ACTION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ICID VISION 2030†

AbstractWe are living in a changing world. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) launched by the United Nations highlight that water is closely linked to a number of key global challenges. Agricultural water management is vital to food security and sustainable rural development. The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) has realigned its vision and dedicated itself to a mission to support sustainable rural development by formulating and implementing the vision of ICID for 2030. As a member country of ICID, China, with the largest population and agricultural production, puts great importance on improving agricultural water management for achieving food security under water shortage and a growing demand for agricultural production. China has been working at two levels to enhance agricultural water management. At on‐farm level China has worked out plans for developing high‐standard farmland by highlighting integrated water and land management; at system level China is working on plans for the modernization of irrigation and drainage systems by upgrading systems and applying information (IT) and automation technologies. This paper summarizes the objectives, tasks and measures for developing high‐standard farmland in China. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ENVISAGED CLIMATE CHANGES IN LIGHT OF THE ICID VISION 2030

AbstractClimate change brings about changes of precipitation pattern, and consequently management of flood and drought risk and water resources becomes an urgent subject. Changes in local hydrological regimes affect the available water resources, which require modification of agricultural water management (AWM). These changes inevitably influence food production, poverty conditions and social stability. On the other hand, to mitigate climate change, the energy used for water use should be reduced.With this context, AWM is drawn into the climate change issue. The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) released its Vision 2030, for better and wiser AWM aimed at a society free of poverty and hunger.In this paper, the challenges of climate change issues for the ICID community are reviewed as the current subjects of AWM in the light of ICID Vision 2030 and the Action Plan for it. In its processes, the complexity of the climate change issue and the uncertainty of impact assessment and future projection are confirmed. Even with these constraints, immediate actions are needed, and with increasing available information, society should formulate a system for the co‐design or co‐production of stakeholders at different levels against the changing climate. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF DRAINAGE IN RELATION TO THE ICID VISION 2030

AbstractThe International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) regularly updates the areas drained and irrigated in the world based on information provided via their national committees (www.icid.org). Modern land drainage planning, design and implementation include making drainage environmentally sustainable and achieve this through enhanced water balance assessments at regional and field scale, prevent excess water except for leaching salts, support ecological water requirements, and then, if any excess water remains, design a drainage system. The less water mobilized through the root zone, the better the quality of drainage water. No matter how efficiently our crops are watered, sooner or later we need to have a well‐functioning drainage system for complete in‐field water management. Agricultural land drainage should include various approaches to assessment and prevention of waterlogging and salinity problems, consider the water–food–energy nexus approach and give due attention to social, environmental and financial considerations (triple bottom line, TBL) for the best sustainable results. The most important consideration to be included in drainage system planning and design is the consideration of cause and effect. Waterlogging and salinity problems are the effect of something that is occurring most likely upstream; the cause. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

EDITORIAL

Irrigation and DrainageVolume 68, Issue 1 p. 3-5 Editorial EDITORIAL Saeed Nairizi, Corresponding Author Saeed Nairizi s.nairizi@toossab.net President Honoraire International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., Mashhad, IranCorrespondence to: Dr Saeed Nairizi, President Hon., International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). Head of the Board and Managing Director, TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., P.O. Box: 91775-1569, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-51-37684600, Fax: +98-51-37644326. E-mail: s.nairizi@toossab.netSearch for more papers by this author Saeed Nairizi, Corresponding Author Saeed Nairizi s.nairizi@toossab.net President Honoraire International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., Mashhad, IranCorrespondence to: Dr Saeed Nairizi, President Hon., International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). Head of the Board and Managing Director, TOOSSAB Consulting Engineers Co., P.O. Box: 91775-1569, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-51-37684600, Fax: +98-51-37644326. E-mail: s.nairizi@toossab.netSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2325Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume68, Issue1Special Issue: Special Issue with Selected Papers of the 23rd ICID Congress, Mexico CityFebruary 2019Pages 3-5 RelatedInformation

Water Productivity: Revisiting the Concepts in Light of Water, Energy and Food Nexus an Overview of Question 60, 23rd Congress of ICID

AbstractThe International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) has organized its 23rd International Congress in Mexico City during the period 08–‐14 October 2017. Its overall theme was: Modernizing Irrigation and Drainage for a new Green Revolution. Two Questions 60 and 61 were addressed and concerned respectively the following issues: Question 60 on Water Productivity: Revisiting the concepts in light of water, energy and food nexus, and Question 61 on State of knowledge of irrigation techniques and practicalities within given socio‐economic settings. The present paper aims at giving a summary of the main axis covered by the various contributions on Question 60.In fact, 91 contributions from 27 countries analyzed and discussed the three following sub themes related to Question 60, namely: i) Emerging issues and challenges of water saving, including impact of transferring water out of agriculture; ii) Understanding water productivity, water and energy use efficiency and water footprint of crops; iii) Water security for growth and development.A summary of the main ideas and findings emerged, for each sub theme mentioned above, are herein presented. Majors conclusions and recommendations are also included at the end of this paper. © 2019 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Applications of Geosynthetics to Irrigation, Drainage and Agriculture

AbstractGeosynthetics are man‐made products manufactured to meet specific functions in earthworks and geotechnical projects, such as dams, levees, canals, dikes and other structures commonly found in agricultural engineering. Thanks to the Memorandum of Understanding between the International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) and the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), collaborative efforts are being undertaken to generate awareness of geosynthetics in agriculture. In the Workshop on ‘Applications of geosynthetics to irrigation, drainage and agriculture’ held at the 23rd International Congress of the ICID in Mexico City on 8 October 2017, a group of delegates from the IGS contributed with a series of presentations introducing various functions and applications of geosynthetics. The authors gave an overview of how geosynthetic products are designed and tested to ensure they will fulfil their intended function, focusing on applications to irrigation, drainage and agriculture. A few key considerations were identified as being critical to ensure proper performance of geosynthetic materials, in geotechnical projects in general and in agriculture in particular. The present paper is intended to provide a summary of these presentations. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Strategy Theme—Schemes

AbstractThe technical activities of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) are organized under four Strategy Themes, namely Knowledge, Schemes, Basin and On‐farm. This paper was prepared in order to analyse the mandates of the working groups under the Strategy Theme—Schemes and their appraisal, vision and future directions on the theme, with recommendations for further improvements to enhance the visibility of the technical working groups and further ICID. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

The ICID Vision 2030 and Action Plan 2017–2021

AbstractWater, soil, energy and food have been the core values for the existence of human beings as well as other creatures living in the world from the beginning of human history and will increasingly be significant concerns in the future together with environmental issues and climate change due to the rapid growth in the world population, urbanization, industry and poor management of those core needs. Poverty and hunger should be the most important concerns for all humanity to tackle in this developing and changing world, but how? Water, as the key natural resource, is one of the essential inputs to all economic, social and environmental processes in tackling poverty and hunger. The role of agricultural water management, mainly irrigation, in ensuring food security, hence tackling poverty and hunger, is seemingly going to be at the centre of solution proposals. There are actually many scientifically and technologically developed instruments available in this world to solve poverty and hunger. What is needed is action. Poverty and hunger could be tackled with a broader vision and a well‐defined mission together with a detailed action plan. The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), as one of the leading global professional organizations, has initiated more active support for ‘A Water‐Secure World and Free of Poverty and Hunger'. ‘A Road Map to ICID Vision 2030' is a document, developed over past 2 years, that presents an action plan to move towards a water‐secure world free of poverty and hunger through sustainable rural development. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

State of Knowledge of Irrigation Techniques and Practicalities within Given Socio‐Economic Settings

AbstractThis paper is based on the General Report of Question 61 of the 23rd Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). The Question was entitled ‘State of Knowledge of Irrigation Techniques and Practicalities within Given Socio‐Economic Settings’, covering three sub‐questions: adopting precision irrigation and improving surface irrigation to combat water scarcity; using ICT, remote sensing, control systems and modelling for improved performance of irrigation systems; and adaptability and affordability of new technologies under different socio‐economic scenarios. Under the Question, 64 accepted papers covering a wide range of topics of irrigation techniques and practicalities were summarized and reviewed with valuable views and state‐of‐the‐art information/knowledge on the topics concerned. It was concluded that improving surface irrigation and precision irrigation are still the major areas in which to achieve objectives of higher agricultural water use efficiency and productivity; that new technologies and their applications in the irrigation sector can help to achieve the objectives; and that to address ‘adaptability and affordability’ would ensure the real value achieved in practice. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Report on Strategy Theme ‘ON‐FARM’

AbstractThe International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) organized four strategy themes in order to realize various missions of ICID: ON‐FARM, SCHEMES, BASIN and KNOWLEDGE. The Working Groups (WGs) under the theme ON‐FARM deal with the application of water at the farm level and the best way to use it to increase the productivity and impacts of application of irrigation water, including its quality at the farm level.After presenting a review of the recent activities of three WGs under the strategy theme ON‐FARM, this report suggests the way forward and recommendations to contribute to addressing ICID's mission as follows: to foster sufficient capacity to the extent that ICID can cope with her mission in the future, it is necessary to foster young professionals (YPs) and to develop their capacity through designating a proper training centre from National Committees (NCs) with the cooperation of donor agency, e.g. UNESCO. In addition, it is important that ICID provide and develop an open international platform to involve all relevant stakeholders of water and agriculture, including the private sector. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Analysis of seven indirect methods for evaluation of reference evapotranspiration under climate conditions of Serbia

In order to calculate water deficit of agricultural crops, it is necessary to have an insight into the evapotranspiration process. As for evaluation of reference evapotranspiration, the Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) method, suggested by The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), requires several climate parameters, which are often unavailable. Thus, in this paper, the methods for computing ETo, which use limited weather data, were tested and then compared to FAO56-PM. The selected methods were those most often used as the replacement for FAO56-PM: Hargreaves, adjusted Hargreaves, Copais, Turc, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink and Hamon. ETo was calculated at the daily and average monthly levels, for the 2010-2013 period, using data from the following meteorological stations: Nis, Belgrade, Novi Sad, Loznica, Valjevo, Zlatibor, Cuprija and Kikinda. Special importance was given to the vegetation period during the dry season due to the application of irrigation. The comparison of methods was based on statistical analysis, using parameters: MXE, MAE, RMSD, ARMSD, WRMSD, b and R2. The highest rate of matching FAO-PM at the average monthly level, as well as during the 2012 growing season, was shown by Copais, Turc and Priestley-Taylor methods, thus these methods may be recommended as the replacement for FAOPM under climate conditions of Serbia. In case only temperature data are available, the results of this research justify the use of the adjusted Hargreaves equation to calculate ETo for the vegetation period.

Contribution of Water Management and Flood Protection to Food Security and Sustainable Development of Coastal and Deltaic Areas

AbstractIn the field of irrigation, drainage and flood protection are two items crucial for the world's population, as well as for the work of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) as a global association of professionals in the water sector. The first concerns the contribution of water management to food security and the second the impacts of man‐induced changes in land use and climate change on living and working in coastal and deltaic areas. These two items are presented in light of the rapidly changing and urbanizing world. The first item is mainly based on the work that was done with a great involvement of many specialists for the 6th and 7th World Water Forums and the second one on research by the author during the past decades. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

A Note on Strategy Theme Knowledge Management

AbstractManaging knowledge is the key to the success of any professional network like the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). Fast‐changing technologies influence the knowledge process. It is crucial that all knowledge management processes make use of developments in information and other technologies. In order to fulfil the mission of ICID of pooling and dissemination of knowledge in the field of irrigation, drainage and flood management, the strategies to manage knowledge have to align themselves with the available IT tools. ICID Working Groups engaged in various facets of irrigation, drainage and flood management need to make the best use of these technologies. The strategy theme ‘Knowledge’, under which activities related to knowledge management are organized, was reviewed during the 65th Meeting of the International Executive Council of ICID in September 2014 in Gwangju, Republic of Korea. This paper presents an overview of the knowledge management activities of various working groups and presents some of the decisions taken by the Council for its improvement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.