International Business Activities Research Articles

The Cultural Differences Between China and The West in International Business Activities

With the development of economic globalization, more and more enterprises choose to expand their industries abroad, leading that international business activities are becoming more and more frequent. At the same time, the important role of cultural differences in international business activities has become increasingly prominent. Studying the cultural differences between China and the West in international business activities can help multinational corporations understand what cultural differences exist in their business activities between China and Western countries, what challenges they will encounter and how to deal with these challenges, so as to improve their competitiveness, help them carry out international business activities smoothly, and finally promote the prosperity of the global economy.

A Questionnaire-based Research and Analysis Report on the Demand and Status of Language Services in the Energy and Power Industry in Hebei Province

This report analyzes the demand for language service professionals in Hebei’s energy and power industry from three key perspectives: enterprise requirements, translation education, and student employment planning. The 45 valid questionnaires cover four key aspects related to enterprises including the business scope, international business activity, language service team building and employment requirements. Despite the energy and power industry in Hebei Province have made significant strides in international collaboration, there is a gap between professional training and industry requirements. Enterprises demand language service personnel to maintain proficiency in terminology, have industry knowledge, master technical competence, and own international communication skills that most translation students lack. It can be seen that there are issues with the alignment between educational content and the actual need of enterprises. In addition, the results from teachers’ survey identified challenges in terms of aspects of teaching methods, curriculum setting, and the cooperation with enterprises. The report thus recommends to enhance the professional skills and industry knowledge of energy and power language services of translation students through various measures, including establishing professional knowledge bases and terminology bases of energy and power, designing relevant courses and practical projects, and strengthening school-enterprise cooperation. By performing these practices, it could better adapt to the future energy and power industry market demand. Furthermore, this report emphasizes that the education system needs to better adapt to the development of the industry, especially in the cultivation of interdisciplinary language service capabilities, and strengthen cooperation with energy and power companies to jointly develop language service talent training programs that meet the specific needs of the industry.

Spatial Development of Technological Knowledge and the Evolution of International Business Activity across Technological Paradigms

How has the spatial structure of the development of technological knowledge in international business (IB) shifted over time, moving between paradigms for IB and society? To answer this research question, we use the method of historical analysis and attempt to synthesize literature streams on international business history and technological paradigms to trace this evolution. Drawing insights from this synthesis and building on evolutionary theoretical approaches in IB, we argue that three elements - (i) technological (T), (ii) global institutional (G), and (iii) local institutional (L) – are key to understanding the spatial development of technological knowledge in IB, as these elements enable, expedite, or constrain technological and organizational change in MNEs within a paradigm and during periods of paradigmatic shifts. We conclude with a case illustration of a firm founded in the 1700s to assess its responses to (and actions that may have prompted) the shifts in the T, G, and L elements across the three technological paradigms – mechanical (1780-1880), electromechanical (1880-1980), and digital (1980-present).

Историческое архитектурное наследие и современная застройка Владивостока как ресурс интеграции в АТР и формирования бренда территории в рамках политики «Разворота на Восток»: тренды и проблемы

The article examines the problems of forming a brand for the territory of Vladivostok as the largest agglomeration in the Russian Far East and a center of international cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The author analyzes the features of the building and territorial development of the city both in previous historical periods and in the conditions of the present moment. The period of analysis covers the entire history of the city’s development – from the second half of the 19th century to the present day, territorially – the entire urban development, taking into account port and industrial development. The article pays attention to such problems as the established fame of Vladivostok, the features of the urban environment, the specific structure of urban space, the relationship ofthese aspects with the development of international cooperation, business and economic activity, inbound tourism and the transformation of the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District into a well-known international location. The modern Russian policy of "Turn to the East" on the scale of the Far Eastern Federal District turns out to be largely connected with such locations as Vladivostok, and for this reason it is necessary to pay more and more attention to the development of such territories, harmoniously linking the historical "background" with the possibilities of modern urbanism.

Spare Parts Marketing Development Strategy Using SWOT and BMC Approaches: A Case Study on PT. Persada Utama Diesel

This study aims to develop a spare parts marketing strategy using SWOT and Business Model Canvas (BMC) approaches at PT Persada Utama Diesel. Globalization has encouraged economic growth in various sectors, including exports and imports. However, international business activities also have risks that must be managed properly. Effective risk management can increase investor confidence, maintain company reputation, and ensure long-term business sustainability. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study on PT Persada Utama Diesel. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. SWOT analysis and Business Model Canvas (BMC) were used to develop a spare parts marketing strategy. The results of the SWOT analysis identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the company. Based on the BMC analysis, the company's current business model was also evaluated and developed. The recommended spare parts marketing strategy includes improving operational efficiency, developing a global distribution network, and strengthening strategic partnerships. The application of SWOT and BMC approaches is effective in developing a spare parts marketing strategy that can help PT Persada Utama Diesel in facing challenges and capitalizing on opportunities in an increasingly competitive international market.

The death of language barriers? An empirical study based on China’s cross-border e-commerce

ABSTRACT Based on China’s cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) logistics order data from 2017 to 2019, we examine the impact of language barriers on CBEC. By constructing a comprehensive language barrier index, we find that, unlike offline trade, China exhibits higher CBEC exports to countries with greater language barriers. Mechanism analysis indicates that this positive correlation arises from CBEC effectively overcoming phonological linguistic disparities and compensating for the offline trade gap caused by language barriers. Our study contributes to understanding the evolution of the gravity model in the context of CBEC and provides new insights into international business activities.

Legal Analysis of the Implications of the ASEAN Agreement on E-Commerce for Electronic Business Contracts in Indonesia

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR) has ushered in significant transformations, notably the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce), which transcends national borders and presents challenges related to state sovereignty, legal certainty, security, and the formation of contracts. To address these complexities, the ASEAN Agreement on E-Commerce aims to facilitate e-commerce across ASEAN countries. Indonesia, as an ASEAN member, has ratified this agreement into national law, impacting various aspects, notably the regulation of digital business contracts. This study seeks to explore these implications through qualitative analysis of secondary data, employing normative legal methodologies and a legal approach. The ASEAN Agreement on E-Commerce introduces additional regulations that establish norms for individuals engaging in cross-border electronic transactions within ASEAN. This framework is crucial for harmonizing legal standards and fostering a conducive environment for international business activities within the ASEAN region.

The Factors Influencing the Export Activities of Coffee Products: A Typical Study in the Export of Vietnamese Coffee to the EU Market

Objective: With the rapid growth of international business activities and globalization, exports play a crucial role in determining the survival and growth of enterprises. Although coffee is not a necessity, it is always considered one of the potential industries for sustainable development and export. In Vietnam, coffee is one of the key export commodities and the second-largest agricultural export. Theoretical Framework: The study uses linear regression models to test the proposed research hypotheses. Method: The study uses SPSS software to test the hypotheses. The study uses ANOVA indexes and regression coefficients to evaluate the indicators. Results and Discussion: The coffee industry plays a significant role in the national economy, and the development of coffee export production has, is, and will continue to contribute greatly to the Vietnamese economy. Research Implications: The EU is a large coffee consumption market, accounting for about one-third of global consumption. From 2010 to 2023, the EU coffee market remained stable, with slight growth at an average annual rate of 0.3% in volume. Originality/Value: The signing of the Free Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the EU also opens greater opportunities for Vietnamese coffee exports to this market. With the commitment to eliminate tariffs under the EVFTA, Vietnamese coffee exported to the EU will have 93% of tariffs reduced to 0% immediately upon the agreement taking effect.

Business model innovation and internationalization: investigating the relationship through the dynamic states approach

PurposeThis empirical paper investigates how entrepreneurial firms change their business models in the context of internationalization by identifying different forms of business model innovation (BMI) and exploring the interrelationship between BMI and internationalization.Design/methodology/approachBased on the dynamic states approach of entrepreneurship (Levie and Lichtenstein, 2010), this paper analyses primary and secondary data from nine European firms following a multiple case study approach.FindingsThis paper presents four patterns of radical change and eight types of incremental adaption with-in business models in the context of internationalization. We describe these BMI patterns and types, and we also show how they contribute to increasing involvement in international business activities and the internationalization-related triggers that might cause them.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a better understanding of the BMI process in the course of internationalization. It also highlights the complex interrelationship between BMI and internationalization by building on a progressive theoretical approach.

Impact of corruption control, free information flow, and ICT infrastructure on China's outward foreign direct investment

ABSTRACT This study examines the interplay between corruption control, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, and free information flow, assessing their collective influence on China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI). Based on unbalanced panel data on China's OFDI flows to 182 countries from 2005 to 2020, we find that improved corruption control measures and advanced ICT infrastructure in host countries significantly increase China's OFDI. Furthermore, a more robust information flow, facilitated by e-participation and a free press in the host country, enhances the positive influence of corruption control measures on attracting China's OFDI. Importantly, the beneficial effect of corruption control on China's OFDI is amplified when the host country has well-developed ICT infrastructure that supports e-participation. By elucidating the complex interplay between institutions, ICT, and international business activities, this study contributes novel insights into the understanding of ICT's role in socioeconomic development, particularly in the context of foreign investment.

Artificial intelligence for international business: Its use, challenges, and suggestions for future research and practice

AbstractThe emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed global business, aiding operational efficiency and innovation. It utilizes machine learning and big data analytics, driving predictive market trends and strategic decision‐making. However, despite the rising discussion and accessibility of AI tools, understanding its impact on international business remains limited. This article explores AI's potential in international business strategies, practices, and activities. To address this aim, we reviewed 37 articles in the existing literature to critically explore AI within the context of international business. More specifically, we explored how AI can be applied to innovation approaches in international business, international market selection, entry modes, foreign exchange, international human resource management, international supply chains, managing across cultures, and more topics. AI has necessitated changes in workplace configurations and the need for organizational and employee adjustments in response to this technology. As a result of the foregoing issues on AI integration within international business, our analysis provided an exploratory discussion around its use, challenges, managerial implications, and suggested areas requiring future studies.

Digital Technologies in the Process of Forming Sustainable Strategies for Agricultural Enterprises in International Markets

The active phase of applying digital technologies contributed to their implementation in forming sustainable strategies for agricultural enterprises in international markets. It is proved that the development of certain functions of international marketing and their active extension beyond the enterprise, the development of a scheme of interaction with the consumer, and intra-company integration with increased feedback in modern conditions have gained practical importance and ensured the formation of sustainable strategies of agricultural enterprises.
 Ukrainian enterprises, having not yet fully resumed business activity after the COVID-19 pandemic, have entered a new risk zone caused by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Ukrainian companies understand the responsibility of business for the state of economic recovery in Ukraine and are trying to act here and now to stay afloat.
 Digital technologies are being actively implemented in various economic sectors, so Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have to use digital progress to effectively develop sustainable strategies in international markets to remain competitive in today's market. 
 It has been proven that in the current conditions of international business activity, only those companies that can use promising digital technologies in the early stages of business development will remain competitive.
 It is substantiated that, depending on the specialization of the enterprise and the specifics of the goods or services provided there, the segments of domestic and international markets in which goods and services are sold, it is worth choosing connectivity platforms that will act as information support for enterprises in the process of forming sustainable strategies in international markets. 
 International marketing research was conducted to select new international markets based on information collected from the "Trade Map" and "Theglobaleconomy" connectivity platforms, which operate on a user's request.
 Using the example of the product group "1512 Sunflower oil", two segments of attractive international markets for Ukrainian agricultural producers were identified. The first segment is the markets of Ireland, Switzerland, Austria, and Belgium, where there are favorable business conditions for Ukrainian farmers. The second segment is the markets of Poland, Bulgaria, and the United Kingdom, where there is an opportunity to increase sales of sunflower oil. It is substantiated that the intensification of business activities of agricultural producers of the product group "1512 Sunflower oil" will allow in the short term to ensure the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, despite all the difficulties that have arisen as a result of the active phase of the war in Ukraine. 
 Keywords: digital technologies, sustainable development strategy, international business activities, a system of indicators of attractiveness of international markets, connectivity platforms, segmentation of international markets, agricultural enterprises

What Is The Process Of Resolving Disputes In International Business Law?

The complex global business landscape often creates conflict between entities, highlighting the need for efficient dispute-resolution mechanisms. Increased competition between countries can result in disputes that require immediate attention and require careful consideration of the structure of international and national communities. The importance of dispute resolution mechanisms is visible in the complexity of international business activities. This research aims to deepen a more essential understanding of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in international business law. This objective is achieved by stating two research questions: the scope of resolving trade disputes and the alternative resolutions for international trade disputes. This is comparative qualitative research carried out in the literature concerning a normative juridical approach. Data was collected by searching relevant literature and legal materials for normative qualitative analysis. This research found that two types of disputes are commonly encountered in the legal process: disputes that are legal or can be resolved and conflicts that are political or cannot be resolved. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) stands out for its effectiveness and efficiency in dispute resolution law. ADR aligns with the evolving dynamics of global trade, providing a valuable tool for managing disputes between business entities. Alternative. At least three alternative dispute resolution options can be chosen: (i) Resolving international trade disputes through mediation; (ii) Resolving international trade disputes through the World Trade Organization (WTO); Resolving disputes in international business through arbitration. This research suggests that it would be best to consider alternatives for resolving trade disputes according to the case's complexity level.

The Cross-Border Change of Legal form as an Alternative to Transnational Mergers? A Comparative Study

AbstractIn the area of business law and enterprises, the internationalization of business activities and the transnational choice of legal form is playing an increasingly important role. This is especially true in times of globalization and a common internal market within the European Union (EU). Consequently, companies are increasingly confronted with legal questions of cross-border choice of legal form and transformations. Here, the cross-border change of legal form can offer an alternative to a merger. Compared to mergers, the cross-border change of legal form of corporations within the EU/EEA is easier to carry out and more flexible. This study introduces the concept and the functioning of the cross-border change of legal form, and elaborates its potential and its limitations in comparison to transnational mergers. The cross-border change of legal form offers a new possibility of transnational reorganization. This article provides the theoretical and legal basis and supports the decision-making in transnational conversions, in which cases a cross-border change of legal form and in which cases a transnational merger should be carried out.

Internationalization and Organizational Resilience to COVID-19 Crisis: The Moderating Effect of Digitalization

Organizational resilience is a company’s ability to quickly recover and adapt when it encounters sudden and unexpected challenges. Our study looks at how a company’s level of international involvement before such challenges can influence its resilience, particularly when faced with the global disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examine whether a company’s prior investment in digital technologies can help soften any negative impacts. From January 20 to June 10, 2020, we analyzed data from 2,363 Chinese companies that are traded on stock exchanges. We assessed their organizational resilience based on how their stock prices fluctuated and how quickly they returned to their pre-shock performance levels. Our findings indicate that companies with more international activities before the pandemic were generally slower to recover. However, companies with advanced digital capabilities before the pandemic demonstrated greater resilience, overcoming the negative repercussions more effectively. This research contributes new insights to the understanding of how international business activities affect a company’s ability to withstand and bounce back from global crises. Additionally, it underscores the importance of digitalization in enhancing organizational resilience.

Moving beyond delinking, decoloniality and the pluriverse: reflections on the “decolonizing international business” debate

PurposeThis viewpoint adds context and variety to the “decolonizing international business” debate by engaging in a discussion of the decolonial thinking approach and proposing a broader framework for analysing the link between international business (IB) activities on the one hand and colonisation and decolonisation on the other. The purpose of this paper is to inspire a more intensive engagement of IB scholarship with issues related to colonisation and decolonisation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper involves taking a reflexive review on recent calls to decolonise IB, contextualising and extending the decolonisation debate in the academic field of IB.FindingsThis paper argues that the current discussion of decolonisation should be extended beyond the decolonial thinking approach and its focus on knowledge and the cultural dimension towards a broader framework that covers both colonisation and decolonisation as well as the respective economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. It introduces the varieties of colonisation and decolonisation approach, which considers the complexities of the phenomenon and covers the economic, social, political and cultural dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsThrough its focus on foreign market expansion, international trade, global value chains and formal and informal institutions in the business environment, the academic field of IB provides several starting points for research on the link between IB activities and colonisation and decolonisation. The decolonisation debate can be used to inspire future research in IB, for example, with respect to the role of multinational corporations in colonisation and neo-colonisation processes and the implications of the emerging multipolar world order for IB.Practical implicationsIB scholars will be better informed when engaging in discussions on decolonisation and the decolonise IB project. This paper suggests considering both colonisation and decolonisation processes as well as the respective economic, political, social and cultural dimensions in research and teaching. The varieties of colonisation and decolonisation approach provides a comprehensive and flexible alternative framework to analyse issues related to colonisation and decolonisation.Social implicationsA balanced view of the implications of colonisation and decolonisation with respect to economic, political, social and cultural dimensions may suitably be incorporated in the field of IB and contribute to tackling grand societal challenges. This applies likewise to past, current and future processes of colonisation and decolonisation.Originality/valueThis paper contextualises and adds a new perspective and variety to the current debate on decolonising IB. This is valuable for engaging in discussions on decolonisation and future conceptual and empirical research on the topic.

Migration and the location of MNE activities: Evidence from Italian provinces

AbstractWe investigate the migration‐inward foreign direct investment (FDI) nexus in narrow geographies. A novel two‐stage empirical strategy allows us to investigate the role of migration as a determinant of multinational enterprises (MNEs) location choices and unpick heterogeneity in foreign investors' preferences towards the presence of migrants in the host location. This allows us to shed light on the relative importance of the underlying mechanisms linking migration and inward FDI. Relying on 1113 greenfield investments by 895 MNEs in Italian NUTS3 regions over 2003–2015, we find that immigrants from the country of origin of the investor exert a positive but highly heterogeneous effect on MNE location choices. Investors are more sensitive to the presence of migrants from their country of origin when they lack experience in the destination country (first‐time investors) and when their investments concern market‐access or business‐services (downstream) activities. This is consistent with the view that migrants act as information brokers that bridge the fixed costs of international business activities.

Cost and Management Accountancy Beyond Financial Reporting: Catalysts of Sustainable Socioeconomic Development

This essay explores the transformative role of cost and management accountancy profession and Cost and Management Accountants (AKA Certified Management Accountants ) in pursuit of economic vibrancy of a nation under competitive economic environment. While traditionally associated with financial reporting, Cost and Management Accountants(CMAs) have been evolved into strategic partners, contributing to multifaceted aspects of organizational effectiveness. Research findings highlight their expanding responsibilities in areas such as strategic decision-making, cost management, risk mitigation, performance evaluation, innovation, policy formulation, and a global perspective. These multifunctional roles have been corroborated by renowned institutions and experts, demonstrating the significance of CMAs and Cost and Management Accountancy Profession worldwide in shaping economic growth. By actively involving CMAs in decision-making processes and policy formulation, India can leverage their expertise to drive efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainable growth. Their global perspective further positions them to facilitate international business activities, bolstering significant positions in the global economy. Recognizing and empowering cost and management accountancy profession and CMAs by default is crucial for global economies in general and particularly emerging economies’ aspiration to become economically vibrant nations.

Human Rights Perspective Of Corporate Social Responsibility In India

We are in the era of globalization and industrialization. Today development of the nation is measured on the basis of industrialization. As the industrial sector contributes 25.92% in our total GDP of the nation which directly influence our economic aspect of the nation. As economic growth and increased national and international business activity cannot be made at the expense of social and hu-man development, corporate respect for human rights becomes of pivotal importance, especially in the India’s context. So, to look after the human rights which are impacted by these corporate different laws have been enacted to control the corporates one of them is Company Act, 2013 which make CSR as le-gal responsibility.

Internationalization of SMEs in a Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence from SMEs in the Western Province, Sri Lanka

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are critical to Sri Lanka’s economy, but their potential for internationalization remains underexplored. This study aims to identify the various antecedents of internationalization and the impact of identified antecedents on the internationalization of Sri Lankan SMEs. This study was conducted following a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 250 SMEs currently engaged in international business activities and located in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the hypothesis after ensuring the reliability and validity of the measurement items. The results of this study found that marketing and networking capabilities, among others, significantly influence the internationalization of SMEs. In addition, the study discovered that human capital, managerial capabilities, innovation capabilities, marketing capabilities, networking capabilities, financial capabilities and technological capabilities jointly influence the internationalization of Sri Lankan SMEs. The results of this study provide better insights for managers and owners to capitalize more on marketing capabilities and networking capabilities to achieve synergies by collaborating with local and international partners. In addition, study results benefit policymakers in formulating better policies to support SMEs in finding new markets and making information available about foreign markets to better develop their marketing and networking strategies.