International Business Activities Research Articles

The Factors Influencing the Export Activities of Coffee Products: A Typical Study in the Export of Vietnamese Coffee to the EU Market

Objective: With the rapid growth of international business activities and globalization, exports play a crucial role in determining the survival and growth of enterprises. Although coffee is not a necessity, it is always considered one of the potential industries for sustainable development and export. In Vietnam, coffee is one of the key export commodities and the second-largest agricultural export. Theoretical Framework: The study uses linear regression models to test the proposed research hypotheses. Method: The study uses SPSS software to test the hypotheses. The study uses ANOVA indexes and regression coefficients to evaluate the indicators. Results and Discussion: The coffee industry plays a significant role in the national economy, and the development of coffee export production has, is, and will continue to contribute greatly to the Vietnamese economy. Research Implications: The EU is a large coffee consumption market, accounting for about one-third of global consumption. From 2010 to 2023, the EU coffee market remained stable, with slight growth at an average annual rate of 0.3% in volume. Originality/Value: The signing of the Free Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the EU also opens greater opportunities for Vietnamese coffee exports to this market. With the commitment to eliminate tariffs under the EVFTA, Vietnamese coffee exported to the EU will have 93% of tariffs reduced to 0% immediately upon the agreement taking effect.

Impact of corruption control, free information flow, and ICT infrastructure on China's outward foreign direct investment

ABSTRACT This study examines the interplay between corruption control, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, and free information flow, assessing their collective influence on China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI). Based on unbalanced panel data on China's OFDI flows to 182 countries from 2005 to 2020, we find that improved corruption control measures and advanced ICT infrastructure in host countries significantly increase China's OFDI. Furthermore, a more robust information flow, facilitated by e-participation and a free press in the host country, enhances the positive influence of corruption control measures on attracting China's OFDI. Importantly, the beneficial effect of corruption control on China's OFDI is amplified when the host country has well-developed ICT infrastructure that supports e-participation. By elucidating the complex interplay between institutions, ICT, and international business activities, this study contributes novel insights into the understanding of ICT's role in socioeconomic development, particularly in the context of foreign investment.

Artificial intelligence for international business: Its use, challenges, and suggestions for future research and practice

AbstractThe emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed global business, aiding operational efficiency and innovation. It utilizes machine learning and big data analytics, driving predictive market trends and strategic decision‐making. However, despite the rising discussion and accessibility of AI tools, understanding its impact on international business remains limited. This article explores AI's potential in international business strategies, practices, and activities. To address this aim, we reviewed 37 articles in the existing literature to critically explore AI within the context of international business. More specifically, we explored how AI can be applied to innovation approaches in international business, international market selection, entry modes, foreign exchange, international human resource management, international supply chains, managing across cultures, and more topics. AI has necessitated changes in workplace configurations and the need for organizational and employee adjustments in response to this technology. As a result of the foregoing issues on AI integration within international business, our analysis provided an exploratory discussion around its use, challenges, managerial implications, and suggested areas requiring future studies.

Digital Technologies in the Process of Forming Sustainable Strategies for Agricultural Enterprises in International Markets

The active phase of applying digital technologies contributed to their implementation in forming sustainable strategies for agricultural enterprises in international markets. It is proved that the development of certain functions of international marketing and their active extension beyond the enterprise, the development of a scheme of interaction with the consumer, and intra-company integration with increased feedback in modern conditions have gained practical importance and ensured the formation of sustainable strategies of agricultural enterprises.
 Ukrainian enterprises, having not yet fully resumed business activity after the COVID-19 pandemic, have entered a new risk zone caused by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Ukrainian companies understand the responsibility of business for the state of economic recovery in Ukraine and are trying to act here and now to stay afloat.
 Digital technologies are being actively implemented in various economic sectors, so Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have to use digital progress to effectively develop sustainable strategies in international markets to remain competitive in today's market. 
 It has been proven that in the current conditions of international business activity, only those companies that can use promising digital technologies in the early stages of business development will remain competitive.
 It is substantiated that, depending on the specialization of the enterprise and the specifics of the goods or services provided there, the segments of domestic and international markets in which goods and services are sold, it is worth choosing connectivity platforms that will act as information support for enterprises in the process of forming sustainable strategies in international markets. 
 International marketing research was conducted to select new international markets based on information collected from the "Trade Map" and "Theglobaleconomy" connectivity platforms, which operate on a user's request.
 Using the example of the product group "1512 Sunflower oil", two segments of attractive international markets for Ukrainian agricultural producers were identified. The first segment is the markets of Ireland, Switzerland, Austria, and Belgium, where there are favorable business conditions for Ukrainian farmers. The second segment is the markets of Poland, Bulgaria, and the United Kingdom, where there is an opportunity to increase sales of sunflower oil. It is substantiated that the intensification of business activities of agricultural producers of the product group "1512 Sunflower oil" will allow in the short term to ensure the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, despite all the difficulties that have arisen as a result of the active phase of the war in Ukraine. 
 Keywords: digital technologies, sustainable development strategy, international business activities, a system of indicators of attractiveness of international markets, connectivity platforms, segmentation of international markets, agricultural enterprises

What Is The Process Of Resolving Disputes In International Business Law?

The complex global business landscape often creates conflict between entities, highlighting the need for efficient dispute-resolution mechanisms. Increased competition between countries can result in disputes that require immediate attention and require careful consideration of the structure of international and national communities. The importance of dispute resolution mechanisms is visible in the complexity of international business activities. This research aims to deepen a more essential understanding of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in international business law. This objective is achieved by stating two research questions: the scope of resolving trade disputes and the alternative resolutions for international trade disputes. This is comparative qualitative research carried out in the literature concerning a normative juridical approach. Data was collected by searching relevant literature and legal materials for normative qualitative analysis. This research found that two types of disputes are commonly encountered in the legal process: disputes that are legal or can be resolved and conflicts that are political or cannot be resolved. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) stands out for its effectiveness and efficiency in dispute resolution law. ADR aligns with the evolving dynamics of global trade, providing a valuable tool for managing disputes between business entities. Alternative. At least three alternative dispute resolution options can be chosen: (i) Resolving international trade disputes through mediation; (ii) Resolving international trade disputes through the World Trade Organization (WTO); Resolving disputes in international business through arbitration. This research suggests that it would be best to consider alternatives for resolving trade disputes according to the case's complexity level.

The Cross-Border Change of Legal form as an Alternative to Transnational Mergers? A Comparative Study

AbstractIn the area of business law and enterprises, the internationalization of business activities and the transnational choice of legal form is playing an increasingly important role. This is especially true in times of globalization and a common internal market within the European Union (EU). Consequently, companies are increasingly confronted with legal questions of cross-border choice of legal form and transformations. Here, the cross-border change of legal form can offer an alternative to a merger. Compared to mergers, the cross-border change of legal form of corporations within the EU/EEA is easier to carry out and more flexible. This study introduces the concept and the functioning of the cross-border change of legal form, and elaborates its potential and its limitations in comparison to transnational mergers. The cross-border change of legal form offers a new possibility of transnational reorganization. This article provides the theoretical and legal basis and supports the decision-making in transnational conversions, in which cases a cross-border change of legal form and in which cases a transnational merger should be carried out.

Internationalization and Organizational Resilience to COVID-19 Crisis: The Moderating Effect of Digitalization

Organizational resilience is a company’s ability to quickly recover and adapt when it encounters sudden and unexpected challenges. Our study looks at how a company’s level of international involvement before such challenges can influence its resilience, particularly when faced with the global disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examine whether a company’s prior investment in digital technologies can help soften any negative impacts. From January 20 to June 10, 2020, we analyzed data from 2,363 Chinese companies that are traded on stock exchanges. We assessed their organizational resilience based on how their stock prices fluctuated and how quickly they returned to their pre-shock performance levels. Our findings indicate that companies with more international activities before the pandemic were generally slower to recover. However, companies with advanced digital capabilities before the pandemic demonstrated greater resilience, overcoming the negative repercussions more effectively. This research contributes new insights to the understanding of how international business activities affect a company’s ability to withstand and bounce back from global crises. Additionally, it underscores the importance of digitalization in enhancing organizational resilience.

Moving beyond delinking, decoloniality and the pluriverse: reflections on the “decolonizing international business” debate

PurposeThis viewpoint adds context and variety to the “decolonizing international business” debate by engaging in a discussion of the decolonial thinking approach and proposing a broader framework for analysing the link between international business (IB) activities on the one hand and colonisation and decolonisation on the other. The purpose of this paper is to inspire a more intensive engagement of IB scholarship with issues related to colonisation and decolonisation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper involves taking a reflexive review on recent calls to decolonise IB, contextualising and extending the decolonisation debate in the academic field of IB.FindingsThis paper argues that the current discussion of decolonisation should be extended beyond the decolonial thinking approach and its focus on knowledge and the cultural dimension towards a broader framework that covers both colonisation and decolonisation as well as the respective economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. It introduces the varieties of colonisation and decolonisation approach, which considers the complexities of the phenomenon and covers the economic, social, political and cultural dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsThrough its focus on foreign market expansion, international trade, global value chains and formal and informal institutions in the business environment, the academic field of IB provides several starting points for research on the link between IB activities and colonisation and decolonisation. The decolonisation debate can be used to inspire future research in IB, for example, with respect to the role of multinational corporations in colonisation and neo-colonisation processes and the implications of the emerging multipolar world order for IB.Practical implicationsIB scholars will be better informed when engaging in discussions on decolonisation and the decolonise IB project. This paper suggests considering both colonisation and decolonisation processes as well as the respective economic, political, social and cultural dimensions in research and teaching. The varieties of colonisation and decolonisation approach provides a comprehensive and flexible alternative framework to analyse issues related to colonisation and decolonisation.Social implicationsA balanced view of the implications of colonisation and decolonisation with respect to economic, political, social and cultural dimensions may suitably be incorporated in the field of IB and contribute to tackling grand societal challenges. This applies likewise to past, current and future processes of colonisation and decolonisation.Originality/valueThis paper contextualises and adds a new perspective and variety to the current debate on decolonising IB. This is valuable for engaging in discussions on decolonisation and future conceptual and empirical research on the topic.

Migration and the location of MNE activities: Evidence from Italian provinces

AbstractWe investigate the migration‐inward foreign direct investment (FDI) nexus in narrow geographies. A novel two‐stage empirical strategy allows us to investigate the role of migration as a determinant of multinational enterprises (MNEs) location choices and unpick heterogeneity in foreign investors' preferences towards the presence of migrants in the host location. This allows us to shed light on the relative importance of the underlying mechanisms linking migration and inward FDI. Relying on 1113 greenfield investments by 895 MNEs in Italian NUTS3 regions over 2003–2015, we find that immigrants from the country of origin of the investor exert a positive but highly heterogeneous effect on MNE location choices. Investors are more sensitive to the presence of migrants from their country of origin when they lack experience in the destination country (first‐time investors) and when their investments concern market‐access or business‐services (downstream) activities. This is consistent with the view that migrants act as information brokers that bridge the fixed costs of international business activities.

Cost and Management Accountancy Beyond Financial Reporting: Catalysts of Sustainable Socioeconomic Development

This essay explores the transformative role of cost and management accountancy profession and Cost and Management Accountants (AKA Certified Management Accountants ) in pursuit of economic vibrancy of a nation under competitive economic environment. While traditionally associated with financial reporting, Cost and Management Accountants(CMAs) have been evolved into strategic partners, contributing to multifaceted aspects of organizational effectiveness. Research findings highlight their expanding responsibilities in areas such as strategic decision-making, cost management, risk mitigation, performance evaluation, innovation, policy formulation, and a global perspective. These multifunctional roles have been corroborated by renowned institutions and experts, demonstrating the significance of CMAs and Cost and Management Accountancy Profession worldwide in shaping economic growth. By actively involving CMAs in decision-making processes and policy formulation, India can leverage their expertise to drive efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainable growth. Their global perspective further positions them to facilitate international business activities, bolstering significant positions in the global economy. Recognizing and empowering cost and management accountancy profession and CMAs by default is crucial for global economies in general and particularly emerging economies’ aspiration to become economically vibrant nations.

Human Rights Perspective Of Corporate Social Responsibility In India

We are in the era of globalization and industrialization. Today development of the nation is measured on the basis of industrialization. As the industrial sector contributes 25.92% in our total GDP of the nation which directly influence our economic aspect of the nation. As economic growth and increased national and international business activity cannot be made at the expense of social and hu-man development, corporate respect for human rights becomes of pivotal importance, especially in the India’s context. So, to look after the human rights which are impacted by these corporate different laws have been enacted to control the corporates one of them is Company Act, 2013 which make CSR as le-gal responsibility.

Internationalization of SMEs in a Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence from SMEs in the Western Province, Sri Lanka

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are critical to Sri Lanka’s economy, but their potential for internationalization remains underexplored. This study aims to identify the various antecedents of internationalization and the impact of identified antecedents on the internationalization of Sri Lankan SMEs. This study was conducted following a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 250 SMEs currently engaged in international business activities and located in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the hypothesis after ensuring the reliability and validity of the measurement items. The results of this study found that marketing and networking capabilities, among others, significantly influence the internationalization of SMEs. In addition, the study discovered that human capital, managerial capabilities, innovation capabilities, marketing capabilities, networking capabilities, financial capabilities and technological capabilities jointly influence the internationalization of Sri Lankan SMEs. The results of this study provide better insights for managers and owners to capitalize more on marketing capabilities and networking capabilities to achieve synergies by collaborating with local and international partners. In addition, study results benefit policymakers in formulating better policies to support SMEs in finding new markets and making information available about foreign markets to better develop their marketing and networking strategies.

Perfection, hybridity or shutting up? A cross-country study of how language ideologies shape participation in international business

Employees’ participation in professional international business (IB) communication has important consequences for knowledge transfer and processing, a crucial function for multinational enterprises (MNEs). Research suggests that participation is shaped by language, but prior research has focused on firm-internal language dynamics, meaning that less is known about the influence of external context. We help redress this balance by drawing on the sociolinguistic concept of “language ideologies”. Language ideologies, or shared sets of beliefs about language(s) amongst social groups, are societal-level phenomena that employees bring with them to work. As such, they are part of the external social, political and historical context of IB activities. Our analysis of 82 interviews in three countries indicates that some language ideologies block participation and create friction, while others support participation. Implications for the conceptual understanding of language in IB and the management of internationally active firms are discussed.

Foreign language effect in negotiations: negotiation language and framing effect on contract terms and subjective outcomes

PurposeThis study aims to test negotiation outcomes when bilinguals negotiate in a foreign rather than their native language. Decision research on the foreign language effect indicates that bilingual individuals may be less susceptible to framing bias when using a foreign language because they make less emotional and biased choices. With increasing international business activity, there is a pressing need to examine the effect of language on bilingual negotiators.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the hypotheses using a two (task frame: gain vs loss) × 2 (language: foreign vs native) factorial design recruiting 246 Korean–English bilinguals. A negotiation simulation with three issues was used, and participants exchanged offers with a preprogrammed computer they believed to be a real counterpart.FindingsThere was no significant interaction effect between framing and language on the offers made, but the framing effect was mitigated and nonsignificant for negotiators who used their foreign language. The interaction between framing and language conditions significantly affected negotiators’ positive emotions and satisfaction with the negotiation.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of this paper is related to its effort to investigate the effect of negotiation language on a negotiator’s decision-making. Considering globalization and the increasing prevalence of international negotiations, this paper has implications for researchers and practitioners.

The Role of Embeddedness of Migrant Start-ups in Local Entrepreneurial Ecosystems During the COVID-19 Crisis

As with all start-ups, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a changing environment for migrant start-ups. These changes have posed many challenges to altering strategic behaviour and approaches to driving business. We explored migrant start-ups’ embeddedness in entrepreneurial ecosystems by analysing data from 14 semi-structured interviews with start-ups from Berlin's knowledge-intensive business services sector. We argue that the success of migrant start-ups during crises is dependent mainly on the embeddedness in the local entrepreneurial ecosystem. Thus, we expect entrepreneurs to utilise local networks, infrastructures and interactions to help them cope with the challenges and pave the way for local and international business activities. Our results indicate that embedding in local entrepreneurial ecosystems and a sense of belonging, especially during the business formation phase, play a vital role for migrant start-ups in general and crisis. Revitalising the concept of local embeddedness while considering business development stages, this study challenges the prevailing notion of transnational networks as the sole determinant of entrepreneurial success. Instead, we advocate for greater recognition of the significance of accessing local resources, including market knowledge, social relationships, and institutional support, as fundamental factors driving business development and crisis management within the host country. By recognising and nurturing these local resources, policymakers and support organisations can create an enabling environment that empowers migrant start-ups to thrive, adapt, and contribute to the local EE and economic wealth.

Visual Network Mapping Supported Biometric Analysis of Studies on Accounting and Auditing Standards

Internationalization of business activities; Standards that play a critical role in the accurate, honest, reliable and comparable presentation and reporting of transactions to information users are of great importance for businesses. Purpose:: This study aims to conduct a visual network mapping supported bibliometric analysis of international studies on accounting and auditing standards. Method: Research on international literature was conducted and Web of Science database was used. As a result of the database search, 5,029 studies were identified. The interrelationships of the data obtained through the "VOSviewer" program were presented by creating visual network maps. Findings: According to the results of the analysis, studies on both accounting standards and auditing standards were conducted within the field of “Economics”. The most cited author on accounting standards was ”Rutherford B.A.”. The most cited authors on auditing standards are “Bagshaw K. and Selwood J.” The majority of the studies on accounting standards are articles. It was determined that the maximum number of studies on accounting standards was carried out in 2020. It was determined that the most studies on auditing standards were carried out in 2014. The concept of “IFRS” has been used as the keyword in the studies on accounting and auditing standards. Originality: This study is of great importance in terms of determining the level at which the standards that businesses need in order to carry out their activities in the international dimension are addressed in the academic environments of the countries.

Public credit institutions, export activities, and global value chain participation: Evidence from China's credit demonstration city construction program

This paper examines how credit information sharing affects firms' export performance and participation in the global value chain (GVC). We exploit a natural experiment in China, where the government launched the Credit Demonstration City Construction (CDCC) program in 2015–2016 to improve credit information sharing and usage based on big data. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the CDCC program improved credit market outcomes and enhanced firms' export activities. Moreover, we show that the CDCC program increased the foreign value added of exporters and facilitated their integration into the GVC. We provide some suggestive evidence for the mechanism that the CDCC program eased firms' financial constraints. Our findings demonstrate the potential benefits of big-data-based policy interventions in improving credit market outcomes and fostering firms' international business activities.

FINANCIAL FLOWS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS (UKRAINE – EU)

The article is devoted to the international trade and economic relations of Ukraine with the countries of the world. Considerable attention is paid to relations between Ukraine and the European Union (EU). Ukraine considers the way to EU membership. Attention is drawn to the European integration progress of our country, which is a natural consequence of Ukraine's independence. The most acceptable ways for regulation of relations in the area of international business activity are considered. The main goal of Ukraine is to create conditions for joining the community of developed European countries by means of large-scale internal transformations. Trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union became an inevitable political reality. European guidelines became a practical reflection of a number of decisions and actions of official bodies of the Ukrainian state and the European Union. The fact that the European choice of Ukraine does not change is explained by the fact that it is a community of European nations. Integration into the European political, financial, economic and humanitarian space is a strategic orientation of the state development and a factor of systemic development. The components of the rapprochement process of Ukraine with the European Union are the deepening of the political dialogue, the strengthening of the European security space and the improvement of the effectiveness of cooperation tools in the priority areas of "integration". In the current foreign and domestic political situation, Ukraine's relations with the European Union are extremely important in this aspect. It is not only about more or less active relations with a more powerful foreign partner, but also about Ukraine's ability to make strategic decisions for the future, which depends on the position and role of the state in the new international order of financial and economic relations.

Structure and principles of international commercial contracts

The presented article describes in detail the main conditions, content, obligations of the seller and the buyer, according to the concluded international commercial contracts. International commercial agreements mediate the international business activities of the parties and differ from similar internal transactions, as well as transactions that, although complicated by a foreign element, are concluded with the participation of the consumer. The first stage refers to the period of the emergence of medieval law as a law merchant, representing a set of international trade customs that regulated the political community of merchants who traveled from port to port and from fair to fair. The second stage was marked by the emergence of national legal systems under the influence of the understanding of law as a national phenomenon and the approval of the idea of national sovereignty. The modern third stage, was marked by a movement from national isolation to universal unification, which allowed, on the basis of multilateral negotiations, to develop and adopt uniform legal norms.

An empirical analysis of dynamic network model of international trade by using enterprise sample simulation and improved ANN algorithm

With the support of enterprise intelligence system, an intelligent modeling method based on synthesizing various data sources and complex metabolic networks is adopted to provide technical support for the practical application of complex large-scale dynamic models. Academic research on international trade networks relies to a large extent on network models based on macro-national data and static analysis of international trade patterns, which are usually based on charts for trade flows and economic globalization. This paper presents an improved neural network algorithm for analyzing the complex dynamic meta-network model of international trade. By using a BP neural network to adjust the weighted values of the best neural network model, the need for continuous adjustment of neural network values is reduced, which may be an effective means to improve the efficiency of intrusion testing applications. The simulation results demonstrate that the model has good explanatory power. The globalization of enterprise markets, as the main driver of international business activities, has a significant impact on the establishment and development of national or regional international trade networks. Therefore, there is a need to study international trade networks using data at the micro level. This paper suggests an interdisciplinary approach to the study of international trade networks and a micro-level study of international trade networks. The model based on complex meta-network dynamic model elements, introduce the dynamic network representation, and use temporary labels to define the network boundary characteristics.