International Association For Hydrogen Energy Research Articles

International conference on "Photosynthesis and Hydrogen Energy Research for Sustainability-2023": in honor of Robert Blankenship, Győző Garab, Michael Grätzel, Norman Hüner and Gunnar Öquist.

The 11th International Photosynthesis Conference on Hydrogen Energy Research and Sustainability 2023 was organized in honor of Robert Blankenship, Győző Garab, Michael Grätzel, Norman Hüner, and Gunnar Öquist, in Istanbul, Türkiye at Bahçeşehir University Future Campus from 03 to 09 July 2023. It was jointly supported by the International Society of Photosynthesis Research (ISPR) and the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE). In this article we provide brief details of the conference, its events, keynote speakers, and the scientific contribution of scientists honored at this conference. Further, we also describe the participation of young researchers, their talks, and their awards.

Elsevier journal under fire

A scholarly journal run by the Dutch publishing giant Elsevier has come under scrutiny for rejecting a paper submitted for publication because, among other reasons, it didn’t cite enough of the journal’s previously published papers. The rejection letter, from the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ( IJHE ), which is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy, reads: “While the subject is within the scope of this journal, there are only 4 citations to past papers published in IJHE out of 150 references cited.” The letter came to light after Elisabeth Bik, a microbiologist turned expert on scientific integrity, posted it on Twitter on Jan. 19. Several researchers went on the platform to criticize the wording of the letter. “Asking for more citations of the journal is inappropriate,” tweeted Jeff Catalano, a geochemist at Washington University in St. Louis. “While papers that are a poor

Preface

2020 International Conference on Green Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (GEESD 2020) has been held successfully on June 27th, 2020 on the platform of Lark. This conference was organized by Hubei Zhongke Institute of Geology and Environment Technology and technically supported by International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE).About 140 attendees have participated in the conference. The one-day conference was divided into two parts, three keynote speeches in the morning and 14 oral presentations in the afternoon. Besides, 19 e-posters have been presented in the conference website for one week. The session chairs and keynote speakers have worked together to selected the best oral presentation and poster presentation.This year, GEESD 2020 has attracted more than 300 submissions, and 131 of them are accepted to be included in this collection. The process of evaluation and peer-review has last for about 6 months, with 61 TPC members and reviewers involved in. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all experts for their professional and detailed review comments, which have contributed to the high standard of this collection.This collection includes four major parts, i.e. Green Energy, Waste Management, Ecology and others, with most up-to-date findings and technologies being discussed. We believe participants of GEESD 2020 have gained knowledge as well as met new friends in the same field. And we hope this collection can benefit the readers in the same way.Changbo ChengHubei Zhongke Institute of Geology and Environment Technology

Preface

11-14 December 2019 Bangkok, ThailandConference Website: https://www.isegt.orgSEGT 2019 ConferenceThe International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Green Technology 2019 was held at Millenium Hilton Bangkok, Bangkok from 11-14 December 2019. The conference was co-organized by 6 research centres across the Asian region, i.e. Centre for Energy Sciences (UM), The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KMUTT), Centre for Vehicular Technology (UTAR), Center of Excellence on Energy Technology & Environment (KMUTT), Center of Inter-Integration (NIU), Research Center of Energy Conservation (Taipei Tech) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Besides, there were others supporting institution such as National I-Lan University, University of Malaya, UTAR, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, National Cheng Kung University, Xi’an Jiatong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, De La Salle University, National Dong Hwa University, The University of Hong Kong, City University of Hong Kong, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, ASHRAE Thailand Chapter and International Association for Hydrogen Energy. SEGT 2019 Conference welcomed more than 500 participants. These participants representing institutions from 35 countries over the world such as Malaysia, Thailand, Canada, Taiwan, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Hong Kong, China, India, Iran, South Africa, France, Nigeria, Vietnam, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, New Zealand, Australia, Nepal, Norway, Myanmar, UK, Bangladesh, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Spain, Namibia, US, Mexico, etc. There are 2 Plenary Speakers (Prof. Ibrahim Dincer from University of Ontario Institute of Technology and Prof. Jiri Jaromir Klemes from Brno University of Technology), 5 Keynote Speakers (Prof. Somchai Wongwises, Prof. Wei-Hsin Chen, Prof. Jo-Shu Chang, Prof. Meng Ni, and Prof. Jamal Chaouki) and 2 Invited Speakers (Mr. Wallop Lamlertpongpana and Mr. Warot Lamlertpongpana) from ASHRAE attended the conference.The conference topics are:• New and Renewable Energy • Sustainable Technologies for Energy Conversion • Environment and Climate Change • Energy Management, Policy, Economics and Sustainability • Energy Sciences • Energy Storage and Power Engineering • Sustainable Cities, Architecture and Green Buildings • Green Design, Products and Manufacturing Processes • Green Materials • Waste Management and Waste Water Treatment • Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) • Smart Grid / Smart City / Smart Mobility • Bioresource and Bioenergy Editors (SEGT 2019 IOP-EES Conference Proceedings) Chong Wen Tong Wang Chin-Tsan Bernard Saw Lip Huat XianBo Xiang

An integrated impact assessment of hydrogen as a future energy carrier in Nigeria's transportation, energy and power sectors

A hydrogen economy, the long-term goal of visionary nations, has the potential to provide energy security, along with environmental and economic benefits. The concept of a hydrogen energy economy was first conceived at The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (THEME) Conference, held in March 1974 in Miami, Florida, where the International Association for Hydrogen Energy was established. Forty years later, advances in hydrogen technologies have led the world's most developed countries to invest extensively in preparation for a future hydrogen-based economy. However, the transition from a conventional petroleum-based energy economy to a hydrogen economy involves many uncertainties regarding concerns such as the development of efficient fuel cell technologies, problems in hydrogen production and distribution infrastructure, hydrogen safety issues, and the response of carbon-based fuel markets. This paper presents an assessment of the economic impact of hydrogen energy on the transportation and energy use sectors of Nigeria, along with implications for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The analysis uses the Long range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) technology database and model to simultaneously consider the impact of alternative and conventional technologies and fuels on these sectors.

Preparation of Ir0.4Ru0.6MoxOy for oxygen evolution by modified Adams’ fusion method

A novel anodic electrocatalyst Ir0.4Ru0.6MoxOy for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis is prepared by the modified Adams' fusion method. The XRD, ICP, and BET are employed to determine the physical characteristics of Ir0.4Ru0.6MoxOy and Ir0.4Ru0.6O2, and the electrochemical properties of the electrocatalysts are examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.5 M H2SO4. The results show that Ir0.4Ru0.6MoxOy has much smaller particle size, larger specific surface areas and active surface area compared with Ir0.4Ru0.6O2. The results of single cell performance and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests also prove that Ir0.4Ru0.6MoxOy has higher performance than Ir0.4Ru0.6O2. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Understanding of the intensified effect of super gravity on hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under super gravity field was studied in 0.5 M H(2)SO(4) aqueous solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrode surface during HER was observed by electronic endoscope. The original understanding of the intensified effect of super gravity on HER was discussed. The results indicated that HER was enhanced by super gravity field. Little visible hydrogen bubbles were observed on electrode surface under super gravity field. it was reasonable that the intensified effect of super gravity on HER was ascribed to the smaller critical radii of forming bubble nucleus and larger buoyancy force, which would promote the disengagement of gas bubbles and decrease the gas coverage on electrode surface. As a result, more active sites remained and HER rate increased. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All lights reserved.

Modelling and experimental results of heat transfer in a metal hydride store during hydrogen charge and discharge

A numerical model for the transient hydrogen charge/discharge rates and thermal behaviour of metal hydride stores was developed and verified against experiments using a cylindrical reactor filled with AB5-type metal hydride. The model assumes local thermal equilibrium between the gas and solid phases, and incorporates the pressure and temperature-dependent hydrogen reaction rates, as well as heat transfer in the porous metal hydride bed. The model was verified through experimental data. The experiments were performed using a unit with hydrogen storage capacity of 130 Nl H2; the store was submerged in an isothermal water bath. Experiments at different water bath temperatures and charge/discharge hydrogen pressures indicated a relation between charge/discharge time and these parameters. The reactor’s ability to deliver a constant hydrogen flow at different water bath temperatures was experimentally investigated. During simulations it was found that the model applied is sensitive to perturbations of some of its parameters; activation energy of absorption, effective conductivity and heat of reaction were found to be the most important ones. The charge and discharge performances of the store are controlled by the reaction rate in the first half-part of the H absorption/desorption experiments and by a heat transfer in the second half-part of charge/discharge. a 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Association for Hydrogen Energy.

Evaluation of the influence of CO2 on hydrogen production by Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus

Stripping gas is generally used to improve hydrogen yields in fermentations. Since CO2 is relatively easy to separate from hydrogen it could be an interesting stripping gas. However, a higher partial CO2 pressure is accompanied with an increased CO2 uptake in the liquid, where it hydrolyses and induces an increased requirement of NaOH to maintain the pH. This enhances the osmotic pressure in the culture by 30%, which inhibited the growth of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. indications for this conclusion are: i) inhibition could almost completely be circumvented by reducing the bicarbonate through decreasing the pH (from 6.5 to 5.5), ii) Growth rates were reduced by 60 +/- 10% at an osmotic pressure of 0.218 +/- 0.005 osm/kg H2O independently of the stripping gas, iii) Increased extracellular DNA and protein concentrations were observed as a function of the osmotic pressure. In addition to growth inhibition, the increased sodium bicarbonate in the effluent will contribute to a negative environmental impact when applied at industrial scale. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All lights reserved. (Less)

A study on the hydrogen-storage properties of La2−xTixMgNi9 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys

The La(2-x)Ti(x)MgNi(9) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were prepared by magnetic levitation melting under Ar atmosphere. The effects of partial substitution Ti for La on the phase structures, hydrogen-storage proper-ties and electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were investigated systematically. For La(2-x)Ti(x)MgNi(9) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys, LaNi(5), LaNi(3) and LaMg(2)Ni(9) are the main phases, the maximum hydrogen-storage capacity is 1.51, 1.36, 1.35 and 1.22 wt%, respectively. The absorption-desorption plateau pressure of the alloys first decreases and then increases with increase of Ti content, and the La(1.8)MgTi(0.2)Ni(9) alloy has the lowest absorption-desorption plateau pressure. The discharge voltage of the alloy electrodes rises with increasing the amount of Ti content. The La(1.8)Ti(0.2)MgNi(9) alloy electrode presents good electrochemical performance. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New process concepts for CO2 post-combustion capture process integrated with co-production of hydrogen

This work describes a study in advanced post-combustion based on CO2-capture technologies to be integrated within the Hypogyny concept (electricity generation with co-hydrogen production). Two different Hypogen concepts based on integrating IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) and post-combusting CO2 capture are proposed and investigated: the first concept, hydrogen production based on syngas shifting with high-pressure CO2 capture, while the second concept, hydrogen is produced based on membrane separation from syngas. In the first concept, combining a high-pressure and an ambient-pressure CO2 absorber in one flow sheet and one regeneration column is found to be feasible. However, the advantage of the high CO2 partial pressure in the high-pressure absorber is more obvious if an advanced solvent like 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used instead of monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent kind. The second concept of using polymeric membrane for hydrogen production is considered feasible and comparing to the first concept, cost competitive with around 10% higher overall capital cost. However, the membrane unit does not achieve high hydrogen purity because the investigated concept is limited to a maximum purity of around 95%. Therefore, hydrogen selective membrane technically requires an extra hydrogen purification step e.g. further membrane separations or a pressure swing adsorption (PSA). In addition to these two concepts, the influence of flue gas circulation, gasifier selection and an advanced solvent based on the sterically hindered amine AMP was investigated. Flue gas circulation (higher CO2-concentrations) has no influence on the regeneration energy requirements when a high binding-energy solvent like MEA is used. The main benefit is that flue gas circulation results with more compact absorption equipment. For AMP type of solvents flue gas circulation results in a substantial reduction in regeneration energy and the overall cost of CO2 avoided. 37% reduction in the avoided cost with a flue gas recycle ratio of 45% is achieved using AMP as a solvent comparing to 10% using MEA solvent. These Hypogen strategies appear to be feasible and the overall cost of these concepts is comparable with the conventional post-combustion capture process. However, there is a significant potential for further improvement by applying more developed solvents, processes, and membranes. © 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.

An inter-comparison exercise on CFD model capabilities to predict a hydrogen explosion in a simulated vehicle refuelling environment

The paper describes the comparison of simulations of a hydrogen explosion experiment in an environment simulating a vehicle refuelling station. The exercise was performed in 2007 within the European Commission-funded Network of Excellence ``Hydrogen Safety as an Energy Carrier'' (http://www.hysafe.org), which facilitates the safe introduction of hydrogen technologies and infrastructure. The experiment in a mock-up of a hydrogen refuelling station was conducted jointly by Shell Global Solutions (UK) and the Health and Safety Laboratory (UK) in order to study the potential hazards and consequences associated with a hydrogen-air mixture explosion. The ``worst-case'' scenario of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture explosion was offered to the network partners for this simulation exercise. Simulations were conducted by a total of seven partners using different models and numerical codes with the intention of predicting/reproducing pressure dynamics in different locations and of evaluating the performance of different combustion codes and models in realistic large-scale conditions. The paper briefly details the models and numerical codes used, and presents the simulated pressure transients obtained by the partners in comparison with the experimental pressure records. The comparative model analysis was made based on achieved simulation results, where the simulated maximum over-pressure and the characteristic rate of pressure rise were treated as major output parameters. A contribution to hydrogen safety was made in the form of a description of the models, their performance and an analysis of the results for their cross-fertilisation where possible. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of hydrogen production by three strains of Chlorella isolated from the soil in the Algerian Sahara

In this study, the photosynthetic hydrogen production rates by some strains of green microalgae were investigated. Three strains of Chlorella isolated from and soil and foggaras's water in the Algerian Sahara were used. Chlorella sorokiniana strain Ce, Chlorella salina strain Mt and Chlorella sp strain Pt6 produced hydrogen gas under sulphur-deprived conditions, but its rate was dependent on strain type and oxygen partial pressure in medium. In C. sorokiniana strain Ce, the maximum value of hydrogen accumulated was 147 ml at 222 h at 2% of O-2 pressure. Compared to C. sorokiniana strain Ce, C. salina strain Mt and Chlorella sp strain Pt6 produced less amount of hydrogen, but they were able to sustain with an O-2 partial pressure of up to 11-15.4%. Our data were compared with hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this communication, the relationship between physiological behaviour, biochemical characteristic (starch and protein) and rates gas production (O-2 and H-2) was also specified. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The hydrogen materials community: its history and current status in the World Hydrogen Movement

This review briefly summarises the history of the hydrogen materials community as an important part of the World Hydrogen Movement. It analysis the history and current status of the interrelation between the Hydrogen Energy (HE) and Hydrogen Materials (HM) communities. During the last 15 years, great advances in this cooperation have come about, thanks to the thorough activities of the Permanent Working International Scientific Committee on Hydrogen Treatment of Materials and the international conferences 'Hydrogen economy and hydrogen treatment of materials' under the auspices of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE). The conclusion is that promoting this cooperation will be the responsibility of the World Hydrogen Movement in the 21st century, in general, and of nuclear HE technology, in particular.

Hydrogen civilisation concept: historical and all-planetary aspects

This paper discusses the novel Hydrogen Civilisation (HyCi) concept of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. The HyCi concept states that at this demanding period in history, humanity still has the ability to save the biosphere and make the continuation of the human race possible. This objective can be achieved only by way of all-planetary cooperation along the direction of the ecologically clean vector 'hydrogen energy → hydrogen economy → hydrogen civilisation'. The HyCi concept includes three constituent, mutually conditional parts: industrial–ecological, humanitarian–cultural and geopolitical–internationally legislative. The legislative–economical mechanism of the transition to HyCi is formulated, and the most important stages are indicated and discussed. Special attention is paid to the future noospheric role of the world scientific–cultural community, to the fundamental importance of purposeful forming 'hydrogen–ecological' mass consciousness, to the role and responsibility of international and regional legal and political organisations, national parliaments and governments.

Hydrogen transport through α-iron studies using a current modulation method

A new transfer function for electrochemical hydrogen permeation through metallic membranes is defined, and its analytical expression is obtained through a theoretical model including surface processes and bulk diffusion. By means of the EIS technique combined with electrochemical hydrogen permeation, this transfer function was experimentally measured for iron membranes, covered with a thin layer of electrodeposited Pd at the exit side, immersed in alkaline media at the input cell. By fitting of the model to the experimental results a hydrogen diffusion coefficient in iron of 9.6 (±0.6) 10 −9 m 2 s −1 was obtained independently of the membrane thickness in agreement with the values obtained by other authors with different techniques. It has been demonstrated that the thin Pd layer avoids formation of an oxide film without introducing new significant delays. The determination of the permeation transfer function allows to obtain relevant information about the electrochemical mechanisms of hydrogen discharge on the metallic surface. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.

The activation of Mg 2Ni for initial hydrogen uptake by treatment with water vapor

The alloy, Mg 2Ni, is a good candidate for the storage of hydrogen. One problem associated with the use of this alloy for hydrogen storage is the difficulty of its activation for initial hydrogen uptake. A great deal of research has been done in this area. However, the resulting methods require hazardous conditions and reagents and⧸or prohibitively long periods of time. It has been found in this laboratory that water vapor can be used to activate Mg 2Ni for hydrogen uptake in as little as 1 h at ambient temperature and pressure. This finding is particularly interesting considering the long-held view of water acting as a poison in metallic hydrogen storage systems. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

H2 production of (CdS–ZnS)–TiO2 supported photocatalytic system

Mixed semiconductor (CdS–ZnS)–TiO 2(1 : 1 : 1) mixture system over different supports like MgO, CaO, γ-Al 2O 3, SiO 2 and modified MgO and CaO, have been prepared, characterized and tested for H 2 production in a S 2−⧸ SO 2− 3 mixture solution. (CdS–ZnS)–TiO 2(D) over MgO support wherein the TiO 2 taken is from Degussa (D) sample gives 206.7 μmol⧸h of H 2 production and this catalyst sustain the H 2 production rate for longer durations. Dopants like Li 2O, Cs 2O or K 2O make MgO and CaO supports act like super basic oxide when they are doped and in turn increase the photocatalytic activity. The (CdS–ZnS)–TiO 2(I) system wherein the TiO 2 taken from Titanium Isopropoxide, supported on 20 wt% Li 2O doped CaO is found to give 209.8 μmol⧸h rate of H 2 production. Characterization studies like UV-Visible spectra, X-ray Diffraction spectra and Scanning Electron Microscope photographs were taken for all the catalysts and the data generated over these samples is evaluated. A scheme of H 2S photocatalytic decomposition of ZnCdS–TiO 2(D⧸I) over different supports in the presence of S 2−⧸ SO 2− 3 substrate, is proposed indicating the formation of thiosulfate cycle at this heterojunction. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

On the synthesis and photochemical studies of nanostructured TiO 2 and TiO 2 admixed VO2 photoelectrodes in regard to hydrogen production through photoelectrolysis

A new photoelectrode system TiO 2(ns)–VO 2 for photoassisted electrolysis of water is described. The nanostructured TiO 2 photoelectrode was prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium-tetraisopropoxide followed by deposition of thin film by spin coating. To prepare the TiO 2(ns)–VO 2 photoelectrode, vanadium film was deposited on the TiO 2(ns) film and subsequently oxidized in O 2 ambient. The TiO 2(ns)–VO 2 photoelectrode exhibited enhanced photovoltage and photocurrent of 680 mV and 11.0 mA cm −2, respectively, whereas the TiO 2(ns) presented 540 mV and 3.2 mA cm −2, respectively. X-ray and S.E.M studies were carried out to monitor the surface and bulk characteristics of the TiO 2(ns)–VO 2 photoelectrode. The rate of hydrogen production under photoelectrolysis was found to be 6 l h −1 m −2 for the TiO 2(ns) and ∼13.0 l h −1 m −2 for the TiO 2(ns)–VO 2 photoelectrode. The TiO 2(ns) photoelectrode shows the improvement in the PEC characteristics due to higher quantum yield resulting from the structured nature of the material. The PEC improvement in the TiO 2(ns)–VO 2 photoelectrode is due to the increase of range of absorption and the decrease of energy gap. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

A new iso-chemical model of the hydrogen molecule

Despite outstanding advances throughout this century, we still lack final knowledge on the structure of the hydrogen molecule because of a number of insufficiencies in available models identified in the text. In this paper we use the recently achieved covering of quantum chemistry called hadronic chemistry in its iso-chemical branch, and introduce a new model of the hydrogen molecule characterized by a bond at short distances of the two valence electrons into a singlet quasi-particle state called iso-electronium. We study the iso-chemical model of the hydrogen molecule with a stable iso-electronium describing an oo-shaped orbit around the respective two nuclei, and another model with a weaker realization of the iso-electronium as a partially stable state. We show that the new model provides, apparently for the first time, an exact representation of the binding energy and other characteristics of the hydrogen molecules from axiomatic principles, without ad hoc modifications of theory. In subsequent papers we shall show that the new model permits apparently novel advances in the energy, liquefaction and other technological applications of the hydrogen. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.