International Alliance Formation Research Articles

National Security in The Conditions Of The Russian-Ukrainian War: Legal Regulation, Threats, Challenges

The relevance of researching this topic lies in the fact that national security is an important condition for functioning and development of an individual, society and the state. Today, problems in the sphere of national security are characterized by a large number of threats of various levels; many of such threats are global, including military conflicts and wars. Abstract-logical method, analysis, synthesis, historical method, comparison method, induction method, deduction method, generalization method, modeling method in order to determine the methodological support for studying theoretical and historical foundations of ensuring national security in conditions of martial law. Taking into account the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, formation of new international military alliances, formation of international cooperation with the aim of strengthening security of the world community, identification of innovative ways of developing international and global security, today the issue of identifying modern problems of ensuring national security in wartime conditions is actualized. It was concluded that only cooperation can solve the urgent strategic tasks of ensuring national security in difficult world conditions and new globalization challenges.

Reparations and the Ministry of Planetary Peace

AbstractThis article explores the historical roots and unfolding legacies of reparations denial as a continuation of the spiritual and socioeconomic planetary war perpetuated through the transatlantic slave trade. An examination of the social production of an anti‐reparations norm against Afro‐Americans in the United States seeks to uncover underlying fears of national destabilization and their relations to underexamined opportunities for functional solidarities across ethnicities, potentially offering a unique contribution to the pursuit of lasting global peace. The article proposes a twofold re‐examination. First, it insists on the rejection and reconception of religious concepts upholding and extending the socioeconomic relations of slavery and white supremacy through evasive political theological notions of human nature and historical time. Second, it advocates the formation of local, national, and international alliances dedicated to articulating, supporting, defending, and achieving reparations for distinct historical events as a means of repairing unique legacies of the transatlantic slave trade and Western colonialism for the common good, using an international ecumenical alliance for repair and reparations (AIRRE) developed by the Presbyterian Church's (USA) Center for the Repair of Historical Harms as an active example.

A real options perspective on international strategic alliance formation: the role of distance and strategic motives

A real options perspective on international strategic alliance formation: the role of distance and strategic motives

Divergent and Convergent Effects of Business Group Affiliation on Firm Performance in International Strategic Alliances

Business groups (BGs), a prevalent organizational form in many economies are exhibiting evolutionary fitness and are no longer considered an organizational anomaly. We extend the traditional debate around strategic choice and performance paradigm by assessing differential performance effects of BG affiliation in international strategic alliance (ISA) formation choices(alliance scope, alliance governance structure, and alliance orientation). This study integrates the resource-based view and institutional perspective to explore the initial divergence in performance of a BG affiliated firm (BGAF) and non-BG affiliated firm (NBGAF) leading towards convergence later when partner complementarity and institutional evolution shifts from lower to the higher end of the spectrum. Contrasting the effect of different ISA choices on firm’s performance the hypotheses were developed and tested on a panel dataset of 1816 ISAs formed by 224 BGAFs and 242 NBGAFs over a span of 19 years. Findings suggest that the influence of BG affiliation on firm’s performance is more pronounced when alliance scope is broader, alliance governance structure is contractual and alliance orientation is exploratory and that this divergence in performance between BGAFs and NBGAFs weakens as the alliance partner’s complementarity increases and institutions evolve in the economy.

АНАЛІЗ ОСНОВНИХ ФАКТОРІВ, ЩО ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА ФІНАНСОВІ РИЗИКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article considers the key factors that affect the financial risks of enterprises in the conditions of globalization. Given the rapid changes in the international business environment, the author analyzes the role of international competition, exchange rate fluctuations, economic, political, technological, environmental and socio-cultural changes. The main attention is paid to the relationship between these factors and their influence on the stability and competitiveness of enterprises. The importance of adaptation, strategic planning and innovative approach for effective risk management and use of new opportunities provided by the globalized market is emphasized. The study focuses on the importance of corporate social responsibility, ethics and environmental sensitivity in modern conditions of globalization. The author examines how businesses can use these aspects as strategic tools to enhance their reputation, strengthen relationships with consumers, and ensure long-term growth. The article also provides practical recommendations for enterprises seeking to optimize their activities and minimize potential risks in the face of globalization. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that only flexible, innovative and responsible enterprises will be able to succeed in a dynamic and unpredictable global economic landscape. In the context of the constant evolution of the global market, the article also considers the importance of continuous learning and development for enterprises. Adaptation to new technologies, understanding the cultural characteristics of different markets and the ability to quickly respond to changes become key competencies of a successful enterprise. The role of international cooperation and partnership in the conditions of globalization is determined. The formation of international alliances, joint ventures and strategic partnerships can help companies gain access to new markets, resources and technologies, as well as share risks. An important aspect is also emphasizing the role of leadership in managing the risks and challenges of globalization. Effective leadership based on strategic vision, empathy, and ethical principles can inspire teams to excel despite external challenges. In conclusion, the author urges enterprises to be ready for uncertainty, accept challenges as opportunities and strive for continuous development and improvement. Only such an approach will allow enterprises not only to survive, but also to prosper in the conditions of a globalized world.

Antisemitism in the global populist international

This article explores the relationship between antisemitism and international politics, specifically the potent role that antisemitism plays in the development and maintenance of the global populist international. After briefly sketching the history of modern transnational antisemitism, I make two principal arguments for why antisemitism should be of more direct concern for the scholarship of International Relations. First, antisemitism serves as a powerful interpretive framework for contemporary far-right populist movements that are challenging the current international order. Second, antisemitism is shaping the formation of new international alliances. The strategic use of antisemitism in far-right populist foreign policy has changed, as evidenced in the increasing decoupling of attitudes towards Israel from antisemitism against diaspora Jews and a rise in pro-Israel policies of far-right antisemitic parties and movements. I conclude by reasserting that International Relations should understand antisemitism as one of the interpretive foundations of the global illiberal resurgence.

How cultural distance affects the formation of international strategic alliance – an explanation of the transaction costs theory

PurposeBased on the transaction cost theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of cultural distance on international strategic alliance formation and its underlying mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the investment of foreign firms in the Chinese Venture Capital market as an empirical background, Obtaining VC data from Zero2IPO Private Equity, CVsource Investment Database (2001–2015). This paper chooses the Logit regression method, according to Lind’s three-step method to test the inverted U-shaped relationship.FindingsThe empirical analysis of foreign venture capital firms invested in China revealed that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between cultural distance and the possibility of international strategic alliances. This relationship is the result of two opposing mechanisms, which are the need and the feasibility of international strategic alliances. In addition, this study further examined the moderating effects of social embeddedness and social reputation, revealing the boundary effects on the complex relationship between cultural distance and possible international strategic alliance formation.Originality/valueThis study focuses on cultural difference, which is a key factor leading to a firm’s transaction costs. Based on the transaction cost theory, this paper investigates the impact of cultural distance on international strategic alliance formation and its underlying mechanisms.

ʺRelevance of the formation of international strategic educational alliances involving Ukraineʺ

ʺRelevance of the formation of international strategic educational alliances involving Ukraineʺ

The Influence of Multinational Corporations on International Alliance Formation Behavior of Colocated Start-Ups

We theorize that vicarious learning theory provides a framework for understanding how small- and medium-sized start-ups can learn from the activity of a variety of regional actors, not just from the activity of colocated peer firms (i.e., other start-ups). Furthermore, we suggest that the magnitude of the impact of vicarious learning is influenced by a firm’s own specific experience with a variety of actors. We use longitudinal data of the population of German biotechnology start-ups and pharmaceutical multinational corporations (MNCs) between 1996 and 2015 across 19 German biotechnology regions. We show that colocated start-ups’ international expansion is positively impacted by the regional network centrality of colocated MNCs and that this relationship is moderated by a start-up’s direct alliance experience with these entities. Our results highlight how important it is for researchers to differentiate the distinct and separate influences a wide variety of actors have on vicarious learning to more clearly identify outcomes of this influence. We also provide evidence that the influence of MNCs is heterogeneous and depends on whether MNCs are domestic or foreign and on their R&D intensity, yet find that country of origin has no significant influence. Our study makes a number of contributions, one of which is research on alliances, supporting conflicting arguments on the subsequent impacts of experience. We further find that certain types of alliance experience may not be transferrable to induce start-ups’ future international expansion, and in some cases may even hinder it.

Early movers in the formation of international strategic alliances: A temporal perspective

International strategic alliances are cooperative agreements between partners from different countries, aimed at achieving their strategic objectives. Drawing upon the resource-based view and the a...

Особенности становления и развития международных стратегических альянсов

Особенности становления и развития международных стратегических альянсов

The Influence of Country and Firm Networks on International Alliance Formation

We examine how a firm’s position in the network of industry ties and the position of its home country in the network of intergovernmental ties influence its make- or-ally decisions. We argue that firm centrality provides opportunities for collaboration while home country centrality reduces the value of collaboration. We also argue that the influence of firm and country centrality on a firm’s decision to collaborate varies with the magnitude of the resources required to undertake new product development. We find support for our predictions in the aircraft industry during the 1944-2000 period. We contribute to the network and international alliances literatures.

What Drives International Alliance Formation? The Effect of Domestic Competition Networks

International strategic alliances (ISAs) are an important strategic tool for local firms, and determining their drivers has long interested international business scholars. However, extant literatu...

Status and international alliance formation

PurposeEvidence suggests that “single-market” alliances are more likely to form between firms in similar socially determined status positions. However, in international alliances, firms come from different status interfaces and foreign partners may become status competitors. Hence, the preference for partners with similar socially derived status positions in their respective markets, or status homophily, is unclear in ‘international’ partner selections. This analysis aims to better understand this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis research explores status homophily in international alliance formation using a database of hand-collected tombstone announcements for US initial public offering syndicates involving Japanese securities firms from 1975 through 1984.FindingsResults suggest that firms are attracted to partners who occupy similar socially derived status positions in their own home markets. Additionally, high-status host-country firms may signal status differences within alliances to reduce status competition from high-status foreign partners.Originality/valueThis research indicates that “international” alliance research needs to consider socially derived status positions. Additionally, academics and practitioners alike can benefit from the knowledge that status signaling within alliances can be a type of competitive behavior between cooperating firms.

Match Making, Structural Holes, and Arranged Marriages: The Process of Small Multinational Enterprises International Alliance Formation

The analysis found that to share in the gains of a globalizing economy, smaller multinational enterprises find surrogates outside their firm, third party enablers, to help bridge informational structural holes and build multi-nodal social networks that link cross-cultural alliances partners. Using a qualitative case study, propositions for future testing were developed that highlight similarities and differences between large and small firms, the role third parties play with small firms, and how these third-party behaviors co-evolve with the alliance partners. Conceptual and practical issues related to the changing role of third parties are identified and discussed.

The negotiator’s power as enabler and cultural distance as inhibitor in the international alliance formation

We examined how the negotiator’s power, the explorative–exploitative purpose and cultural distance interact in the negotiation for an international business alliance formation. Our participant observation in some several events of negotiation suggests that the executive’s power plays an enabling role in the negotiation for alliance formation. However, cultural distance between the negotiating parties in the international business context hampers the success of the negotiation. In particular, person power supports the explorative alliance purpose. The explorative alliance embodies technical and behavioural uncertainty. On the other hand, position power supports the exploitative alliance purpose. The exploitative alliance purpose more aptly embodies behavioural uncertainty than technical uncertainty does.Cultural distance has a high negative influence on person power and the explorative alliance, and person power and the explorative alliance indicate high uncertainty. In comparison, cultural distance has a negative influence on position power and exploitative alliance, and position power and exploitative alliances indicate low uncertainty. In other words, cultural distance matters more in the person–explorative combination than it does in the position–exploitative combination. The main assumption is that cultural distance has adverse effects on both power and tasks in the negotiation. However, the notions of power and purpose do not influence the effect of national cultural differences.

Organizational status and international alliance formation

Past research in domestic contexts illustrates that alliances are more likely to occur between firms in similar status positions. Yet, in international alliances, firms come from different status r...

Alliance Portfolio Complexity and Order-of-Entry Learning Effects in Int'l Alliance Formations

This study sheds light into the various theoretical drivers of international alliance formation with special attention to the order-of-entry learning effects in increasing the benefits and mitigati...

Host country network, industry experience, and international alliance formation: Evidence from the venture capital industry

Integrating resource dependence and social network theories, we investigate how foreign firms’ position in alliance network in host country influences their further allying with firms from the host and home countries. We introduce network centrality as a factor that influences two competing forces in alliance formation: willingness and attractiveness. Furthermore, we argue that foreign firms suffering from a low network centrality may find it easier to enhance their network position if they have industry experience. Our analysis of data on US venture capital firms’ investment in China supports our theoretical framework. Theoretical and managerial implications of our findings are discussed.

Международно-правовая парадигма конституционализмма: история и методолгия

The article discusses the problems of interaction between international and constitutional law. The author draws attention to their interdependence, due to the historical development of bilateral relations with the bourgeois revolutions of the first period to the present time.
 The author emphasizes the influence of international legal problems in the constitutional development of modern Russia, emphasizing the need to define methodological positions in the research of formation and functioning of modern international political alliances.