Internal Shariah Audit Research Articles

Prospects of a Shari'ah Audit Framework for Islamic Financial Institution in Malaysia

The need to be in conformity with religious and ethical principles, or to be Shariah compliant, is the unique and distinctive feature of Islamic finance which sets it apart from its conventional counterpart. Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are to be audited not only on financial performances but also on their adherence to Shariah precepts, including broader ethical and moral parameters. Currently there is no proper framework to govern the practice of internal Shariah auditing in IFIs. The recently issued Central Bank of Malaysia’s Shariah Governance Framework (CBM-SGF) has made it compulsory for IFIs to perform a regular internal audit of transactions, operations and information systems particularly at the product implementation stage to ensure a comprehensive compliance with Shariah. This has posed a challenge to Islamic banks and Takaful companies, to develop their own internal Shariah audit architecture and to train a new breed of internal auditors in the science and ethics of Shariah audit based on generalised guidelines under the new directive. This paper highlights persistent problems relating to inadequate auditing at the business operations level and prevailing issues in Shariah audit. Recommendations are made for the industry to adopt a common internal Shariah audit framework as a move towards standardisation and uniformity of audit practice.

Prospects of a Sharī ͨ ah Audit Framework for Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia

The need to be in conformity with religious and ethical principles, or to be Shariah compliant, is the unique and distinctive feature of Islamic finance which sets it apart from its conventional counterpart. Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are to be audited not only on financial performances but also on their adherence to Shariah precepts, including broader ethical and moral parameters. Currently there is no proper framework to govern the practice of internal Shariah auditing in IFIs. The recently issued Central Bank of Malaysia’s Shariah Governance Framework (CBM-SGF) has made it compulsory for IFIs to perform a regular internal audit of transactions, operations and information systems particularly at the product implementation stage to ensure a comprehensive compliance with Shariah. This has posed a challenge to Islamic banks and Takaful companies, to develop their own internal Shariah audit architecture and to train a new breed of internal auditors in the science and ethics of Shariah audit based on generalised guidelines under the new directive. This paper highlights persistent problems relating to inadequate auditing at the business operations level and prevailing issues in Shariah audit. Recommendations are made for the industry to adopt a common internal Shariah audit framework as a move towards standardisation and uniformity of audit practice.

Shariah Compliance Process and Corporate Governance in Islamic Banking Institutions (IBIs): A Proposed Model

Banking, by its very nature, entails taking a wide array of risks. One such risk is reputational risk, which arises from operational failures, i.e. failures to comply with the relevant laws and regulations, or other sources. Reputational risk is particularly damaging for banks since the nature of their business requires them to maintain the confidence of the depositors, creditors, and the general marketplace. Thus, the compliance issue is one of the most crucial factors in determining smooth and successful banking operations. Shariah compliance is a distinct feature of the Islamic banking industry. The need to have comprehensive and rigorous mechanisms in place to ensure shariah compliance as well as an effective and reliable shariah review process are the two key contributing factors for the industry to further progress. Indeed, the shariah compliance process is one of the areas upon which Islamic Banking Institutions (IBIs) must focus as part of the overall corporate governance. The purpose of this paper is to propose a shariah compliance framework for IBIs drawing from the present requirements on corporate governance (CG) in Malaysia. The framework proposes that the compliance process for IBIs is done through the internal auditing framework by establishing an internal shariah audit team. The framework proposes the Internal Shariah Audit Team (ISAT) to be a special cell of the Internal Audit Committee (IAC), which will review operations and transactions relating to shariah matters on a regular basis. The team should have bilateral functional interactions with both the IAC and the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB).