Availability Of Internal Resources Research Articles

Specific features of motivating environmentally responsible behavior of small and medium businesses in Russia

Small and medium enterprises’ motivation to environmentally responsible behavior is different from the one of large businesses. The research that comprised surveying 151 and interviewing 20 representatives of Russian SMEs, indicated low motivation to environmentally responsible behavior in this cluster. The majority of decision-makers in Russian small and medium firms are pessimistic about the role of regulatory environment in motivating them to conduct business responsibly. Meanwhile, research results indicate an apparent lack of awareness-raising among representatives of Russian SMEs regarding governmental measures for promoting and supporting their environmentally responsible behavior. The availability of internal resources for developing and implementing initiatives in the field of environmental protection was quite positively evaluated by respondents. The research may be of interest to state authorities and business associations developing incentives to environmentally responsible behavior aimed at Russian SMEs; as well as that, it may contribute to drafting educational and awareness-raising projects and programs, and shaping demand from the society and a broad range of SMEs’ stakeholders to their environmentally responsible behavior.

Optimizing Muza-Smoked Salted Egg Production: A SWOT Analysis of an Empowerment Program Leveraging the Triple Helix Model

Efforts to improve the quality of small and microenterprises (SMEs) depend not only on the availability of internal resources but also on innovation and worldwide regulation dynamics. The triple helix concept has become an alternative solution for improving the quality of SMEs, which consists of academicians, governments, and businesses (SMEs). Muza is an SME that is being fostered by lecturers in the Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Brawijaya in Blitar District; this SME produces smoked salted eggs and has become one of the featured products based on Blitar's Service of Fishery and Livestock Department. The communication between the academician and the Muza Management-Government on the development program was implemented separately. This research aimed to develop development strategies to increase the quality of Muza smoked salted eggs. The research was conducted in Blitar District in July 2022. The research used an explanatory method to identify problems in the field and categorize the problems into groups using the SWOT method. SWOT components are formed using in-depth interviews with the planner and implementer of the strategy, which consists of five people. The subjects were given a closed questionnaire that consisted of SWOT components. The SWOT analysis results show that the total IFE score is 4 and the EFE score is 4.45. The IE matrix shows that the empowerment strategy is on the “V” cell, which has a "hold and maintain" strategy. Thus, the programs given were not efficient, and strategic planners need to focus on product quality improvement. The design of GMP and HACCP systems is strongly recommended.

Examining the dynamics of bargaining power in buyer-supplier negotiations: insights from a case study in the German automotive industry

ABSTRACT Buyer-supplier negotiations play a central role in supply chain networks regulating the conditions for the exchange of goods. This paper investigates the relationships between influencing factors and their impact on bargaining power. In a multiple case study, we triangulate secondary data from 12 German automotive suppliers. Following a structural equation modelling approach, bargaining power and the effects of those influencing variables are analysed. Four relationships can be found. (1) The availability of internal resources and the existence of strong buyer-supplier relationships have a positive effect on bargaining power. (2) A positive influence of buyer-supplier relationships on gaining access to internal resources can be identified. (3) External market conditions have a small negative effect on bargaining power. (4) No significant effect can be found looking at the impact of external market conditions on internal resources or buyer-supplier relationships. The findings support theory by showing that internal resources and strong buyer-supplier relationships positively influence bargaining power. Based on these results, managers are advised to prioritise strategic resource allocation, implement win-win strategies, and employ benchmarking techniques to enhance competitiveness and strengthen bargaining positions.

Audit quality and engagement partner busyness: The role of internal resource allocation

AbstractPrior studies have found that engagement partner busyness influences audit effectiveness. The more workload partners have from clients, the busier partners will be, resulting in lower audit quality. However, internal resources available to partners can attenuate the partners’ work burden, although the moderating effect of such resources has been mostly overlooked in the literature. As partners’ work burden could lessen for a partner with more internal resources, we elaborate on its effect in this study. We examine the following types of internal resources: (1) availability of higher‐ranked personnel and (2) accumulated client‐specific information. Our results show that engagement partners reduce audit quality for a client when partners bear higher work burden from other clients, for which limited internal resources are available. Moreover, the results indicate that this mutual impact on the audit quality of partners’ workload and internal resource availability for other clients is more pronounced for non‐Big 4 clients. These results suggest that internal resource allocation is critical for quality control, especially for non‐Big 4 audit firms.

Improving Local Government Resilience: Highlighting the Role of Internal Resources in Crisis Management

A survey of U.S. local government officials (n = 307) investigates how to improve local governments’ crisis resilience. The results indicate that internal resources (i.e., time, money, and staff) were deemed important to local governments’ crisis management; however, there was a significant decrease in their perceived availability. Moreover, our results suggest that neither community size nor form of government predicted the availability of internal resources. Finally, internal resources were significant predictors of local government officials’ evaluations of a crisis; however, internal resources did not predict the officials’ evaluations of the strength of their crisis management. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed here.

Critical success factors of strategic information systems planning: a Delphi approach

PurposeStrategic information systems planning (SISP) has been identified as a key strategy underpinning an effective utilization of information systems (IS) to achieve the core objectives of an organization. This study aims at identifying, ranking and prioritizing factors that IS and business executives consider critical for the success of IS projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative research approach with a 3-round Delphi process to get experts' opinions on critical success factors (CSFs) necessary for successful SISP. A forty-two panel of experts was selected using defined criteria. Quantitative analyses of the data were performed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance and chi-square to obtain a consensus among the experts.FindingsThe findings revealed the top managers' understanding of strategic priorities, aligning IS strategies with the organizational strategic plan and availability of internal resources to deliver IS services as the first three key CSFs of SISP. Other highly ranked CSFs were the management's understanding of the role of IS and the need to educate top management on the importance of IT in supporting the business strategy.Originality/valueThe CSFs factors obtained in this study would lay a foundation for future research and could be incorporated into a new theoretical model of IS planning.

The promise and the future of research data sharing

The promise and the future of research data sharing

K. ROGERS’ THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY

The article considers the key issues of client-centered psychotherapy, related to understanding the process, the role of characterological stylistic features of clients in their promotion during psychotherapy. It is shown that clients, depending on the type of process (optimal, fragile, dissociative and psychotic) need different therapeutic strategies of methods. The table of correspondence of type of process of therapeutic strategy and method is resulted. Two main concepts of the genesis of disorders are considered: the theory of conflict and the theory of defect. Conflict requires awareness in order for the client to enter the "layered" structure of the traumatic experience, gain access to those experiences, early memories, bodily manifestations and cognitive interpretations that make up the traumatic emotional scheme. In this process, the therapist uses a management strategy that is "half a step ahead" that does not destroy the client-centered paradigm itself. Technically, focusing is used as an empathic sensitivity to what is not actually experienced by the client, but what they can already experience with some effort. In the theory of the defect, the disorder is associated with certain problems in the psychological structure of the client - in the defense system, in the system of "I", in which the reflexive "I" is weakened and, accordingly, bifocal consciousness is disturbed, in the system of emotional self-regulation. Such defects should be alleviated by the support, warmth and love of the therapist for the client. The therapist acts as a "rod" that wraps around the client, getting the opportunity to live like a vine on someone else's trunk. The therapeutic management strategy is to take the "baby" on, hoping for the healing mechanism of the "recapitulation of emotional experience." The "fragile" process is associated with the neurotic level of mental organization, and in psychotherapy is based on the theory of conflict. The "dissociative" process is associated with the marginal level of mental organization, and in psychotherapy is based on the theory of defect. The defect is eliminated by acceptance and love. The "optimal" process involves the availability of internal resources of self-change, such a client is easy to "call" reflexive technique. The psychotherapist, being "half a step behind" the client, implements the strategy of accompanying the client.

Innovation in women-led firms: an empirical analysis

ABSTRACT The availability of resources is paramount for innovation in women-led firms. We define a women-led firm where a chief executive officer (CEO) is a woman. We examine how nature – a pervasive and arbitrary type of institutional environment as well as access to resources is associated with different propensity to innovate between women and men-led firms. Using micro-level cross-country data of 12,412 firms and a reduced sample of 5,052 firms during 2008–2015 and across 75 economies, we find that the differences in risk perception between women and men-led firms ae not associated with innovation propensity. Instead, the availability of resources proxied by a country's fiscal freedom and availability of internal resources lead to an increase in innovation in women-led firms. The relationship is non-linear and increases with the availability of finance. This work has important policy implications for the role of institutions to spur innovation in women-led firms.

Internal vs. external R&D teams: Evidences from the Italian wine industry

R&D teams' internationalization attracts interests from different research-streams. However, the decision on what type of R&D structure is more convenient to invest in may differ, based on several factors, such as risk-taking propensity and internal resource availability. With an aim to enrich the extant literature and to provide practical insights for managers working in the wine industry, this case study explores the determinants of an Italian family-owned winery that attempts to keep a balance between its internal and external R&D teams' decision, using an integrated theoretical framework based on the transaction costs and the resource-based view theory. The optimal R&D solution based on an accurate costs vs benefits analysis leads the firm to hire highly qualified staff to manage its internal R&D unit, as well as to complement the unit with complementary resource that can be accessed through external R&D knowledge sources.

Factors Affecting Decision Makers Preference of MSMEs in Financing Sources Choice

The study examined the choice of the different financing theories for explaining the capital structure source of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) that seeks to raise their capital, through examining the affecting factors on the main capital structure decision. The study used a questionnaire for 220 of Palestinian MSMEs in order to examine the financing decisions in these firms according to the main capital structure theories. The study found that in accord with the POT, it was confirmed an approach comprising an initial check on the availability of internal resources, followed by the use of internal capital. Where the most of the sample were prefer to depend on the personal money rather than to increase their capital through the partners and loans. Therefore, this suggests the need to raise awareness with regard to the concept of capital structure and the other determinations that affect MSMEs' capital financing.

Industrial sustainability performance measurement systems: A novel framework

Improved sustainability of industrial activities and measurement of its performance are becoming prime topics of discussion among policy-makers and industrial decision-makers. The current literature proposes a number of performance measurement systems and related indicators, but mainly lacks a real capability to address all sustainability pillars and their intersections, as well as scalability to firms of different sizes, availability of internal resources, and maturity over sustainability issues, suggesting that further research is needed in this area. Building on the literature, our work develops a new framework for the evaluation of industrial sustainability performance, proposing three different Industrial Sustainability Performance Measurement Systems (ISPMSs), with a decreasing number of indicators suitable in different contexts of application. In the framework, selection mechanisms have been conceived and used to reduce the number of indicators considered, while still guaranteeing complete and adequate coverage of all sustainability pillars, as well as their intersections. The framework has been tested through semi-structured case studies in heterogeneous Northern Italian manufacturing firms. The preliminary results are sound as the different ISPMSs proved to be complete, useful, and easy to use. The proposed ISPMSs provide industrial decision-makers with a scalable framework applicable in different contexts, allowing benchmarking and development of specific implementation strategies for increased sustainability, and provide policy-makers with a framework to develop a more effective regulatory policy, better understanding how sustainability performance can be addressed in an integrated manner across industrial firms.

Features of the life perspectives in patients with a diagnosis of "meningioma"

This article presents part of the results of a comprehensive study, which is devoted to the analysis of PTS consequence due to serious disease "meningioma". The obtained results allowed verifying the hypothesis that should people get know their diagnosis of "meningioma", they have different life prospects. The specifics of life prospects associated with the basic beliefs such as self-belief, belief in luck, belief in control of the situation. When these indicators are reduced and life perspective presented such as physical recovery is an indicator of getting stuck in a psychotraumatic experience, then the desire such as radically change of lives indicates the avoidance of processing traumatic experience. High rates of these basic beliefs, combined with a strategy to return to the past, indicate the availability of internal resources.

Dynamics of Psychological Characteristics of Drug Addicts in the Period of Rehabilitation For Up to One Year and From One to Five Years

Despite the fact that in Ukraine there are constantly a large number of preventive and corrective measures to prevent and eliminate the phenomenon of drug addiction, statistics show that the problem does not diminish its relevance. Now there is a large number of studies that reveal the personal characteristics of a drug addicts. Many scientists are unanimous that in the period of drug addiction there is a distortion in the personal sphere. However, the features of these distortions at various stages of drug addiction are not fully understood. At the same time, the elimination of psychological dependence on narcotic substances by means of rehabilitation effects is possible only if the knowledge on the psychological characteristics of the addict is taken into account at different stages of the rehabilitation process. The main goal of rehabilitation work is not only the rejection of drugs. This is the development of new value orientations, personal growth in the individual and social sense, the development of human anti-drug resistance properties, the development of responsible choice skills, the formation of the internal locus of control, the formation of a positive life scenario and the availability of internal resources for its implementation. The article analyzes the effect of rehabilitation methods on the personality traits of drug addicts with short-term and long-term rehabilitation. The study included 60 people, of which 30 drug addicts were with a period of rehabilitation up to one year and 30 drug addicts with a period of rehabilitation from one year to five years. The complex of diagnostic tools includes methods for studying the level of aggressiveness, anxiety scales, behavior in a conflict situation, assessing the neuropsychic personality tension, a questionnaire for studying the level of impulsivity, a questionnaire for studying the level of subjective control, a questionnaire for studying well-being, activity, mood. The dynamics of psychological characteristics of drug addicts in the period of rehabilitation up to one year and from one to five years was determined.

Muscles provide an internal water reserve for reproduction.

The use of fat to support the energy needs of reproduction (i.e. capital breeding) has been studied in a diversity of taxa. However, despite reproductive output (i.e. young or eggs) being approximately 70% water, little is known about the availability of internal resources to accommodate the hydric demands of reproduction. Recent research suggests that dehydration increases the catabolism of muscle as a means of maintaining water balance. Accordingly, we investigated the interactive effects of reproductive investment and water deprivation on catabolism and reproductive output in female Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni). Both reproductive and non-reproductive females were either provided water ad libitum or were water-deprived for three weeks at the time when reproductive females were gravid. We found that water-deprived reproductive females had, in general, greater body mass loss, epaxial muscle loss, plasma osmolality and plasma uric acid concentrations relative to the other groups. Furthermore, water-deprived females had similar clutch sizes compared with females with access to water, but produced lighter eggs and lower total clutch masses. Our results provide the first evidence that selective protein catabolism can be used to support water demands during reproduction, and, as a result, these findings extend the capital breeding concept to non-energetic resources.

Success Factors for Academic Performance among Private Secondary Schools in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Schools in Dar Es Salaam, Morogoro and Coast Regions

The study sought to assess success factors for academic performance among private schools in Tanzania. The purpose of the study is to address the problem of declining academic performance in secondary school system. Most of the past studies have attributed this decline to limited availability of teaching staff and physical learning infrastructure. These studies examined the quantitative elements of school’s internal physical resources; little efforts were made to assess quality aspects of the resources and most of them studies were conducted in public schools, treating schools as public service rather than business entities. Furthermore, the theoretical approaches used in assessing secondary education problems in these studies were pedagogical as opposed to business theories which are more relevant to private schools. There is therefore limited knowledge on quality aspects of resources and business orientation of factors behind successful academic performance among private schools. The respondents of the study were school owners, managers, teachers, and students. Data collection instruments were interview checklists and questionnaires, complemented by documentary review and researcher’s observation. Data analysis revealed a number of factors contributing to successful school academic performance, namely, school factors, student factors and market or community factors. The study came out with conclusion that the academic performance among private schools in Tanzania depends much upon availability of internal resources (Resource Based View) complemented with improved service quality (Gronroos Service Quality Model). External resources played limited role. The study came up with a number of recommendations to school owners and the government: in additional improving school resources such as facilities, teachers and materials, schools should improve service quality; schools should use strategies that halt students’ vices which affect class-room attendance and concentration; they should match teachers, incentives with their socio-demographic attributes; they should incapacitate school heads with business management skills or recruit professional managers to manage schools rather than using teachers school heads; furthermore, low performing schools should improve owner-manager cooperation; the government should review ICT policy (2003) and enact strict laws to regulate ICT users; the government should not leave fee rates charged by private secondary school be determined by forces of demand and supply; it should also review teachers curricula to accommodate business management skills;Â

Scientists' data reuse behaviors: A multilevel analysis

This study explores the factors that influence the data reuse behaviors of scientists and identifies the generalized patterns that occur in data reuse across various disciplines. This research employed an integrated theoretical framework combining institutional theory and the theory of planned behavior. The combined theoretical framework can apply the institutional theory at the individual level and extend the theory of planned behavior by including relevant contexts. This study utilized a survey method to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. Study participants were recruited from the Community of Science's (CoS) Scholar Database, and a total of 1,528 scientists responded to the survey. A multilevel analysis method was used to analyze the 1,237 qualified responses. This research showed that scientists' data reuse intentions are influenced by both disciplinary level factors (availability of data repositories) and individual level factors (perceived usefulness, perceived concern, and the availability of internal resources). This study has practical implications for promoting data reuse practices. Three main areas that need to be improved are identified: Educating scientists, providing internal supports, and providing external resources and supports such as data repositories.

Endogenous rhythmic growth in oak trees is regulated by internal clocks rather than resource availability.

Common oak trees display endogenous rhythmic growth with alternating shoot and root flushes. To explore the mechanisms involved, microcuttings of the Quercus robur L. clone DF159 were used for (13)C/(15)N labelling in combination with RNA sequencing (RNASeq) transcript profiling of shoots and roots. The effect of plant internal resource availability on the rhythmic growth of the cuttings was tested through inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum. Shoot and root flushes were related to parallel shifts in above- and below-ground C and, to a lesser extent, N allocation. Increased plant internal resource availability by P. croceum inoculation with enhanced plant growth affected neither the rhythmic growth nor the associated resource allocation patterns. Two shifts in transcript abundance were identified during root and shoot growth cessation, and most concerned genes were down-regulated. Inoculation with P. croceum suppressed these transcript shifts in roots, but not in shoots. To identify core processes governing the rhythmic growth, functions [Gene Ontology (GO) terms] of the genes differentially expressed during the growth cessation in both leaves and roots of non-inoculated plants and leaves of P. croceum-inoculated plants were examined. Besides genes related to resource acquisition and cell development, which might reflect rather than trigger rhythmic growth, genes involved in signalling and/or regulated by the circadian clock were identified. The results indicate that rhythmic growth involves dramatic oscillations in plant metabolism and gene regulation between below- and above-ground parts. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis may play a previously unsuspected role in smoothing these oscillations without modifying the rhythmic growth pattern.

Free Cash Flow and the Unproductive Inventor

This paper finds that free cash flow reduces the efficiency with which firms’ convert R&D investment into innovative output. This negative relation is robust to numerous controls, firm fixed effects, and endogeneity concerns. The negative association observed for the average firm is not driven by managerial empire building incentives, but rather by the misalignment of incentives between research employees and corporate shareholders. Further analysis reveals that the relation is sensitive to financing frictions, with free cash flow induced R&D investment being less productive and being valued more negatively primarily amongst financially unconstrained firms. These results highlight that agency conflicts between employees and shareholders are prevalent in the innovation process, with these conflicts being exacerbated by the availability of internal resources.

The capital structure choices of agro-food firms: evidence from Italian SMEs

The theme of capital structure has always been of great interest in the debate between scholars in the business research field. The aim of this paper is to test the application of the different financing theories in explaining the capital structure choice of 82 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within the Italian agro-food industry. The results show that the financing decisions in these firms could be explained through the main capital structure theories: Pecking Order Theory (POT), Trade-off Theory and Fiscal Theory. In agreement with POT, our results confirm an approach comprising an initial check on availability of internal resources, followed by the use of external capital (particularly bank debt). The research questions of this paper are the following: How do companies finance themselves? What are the mains factors that influence a firm's financing decisions?