Internal Reliability Coefficients Research Articles

FACTOR VALIDITY AND SENSITIVITY OF THE SCALE FOR ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPORTS INCLUSION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

This work aims to examine the factor validity and sensitivity of the Scale for assessment of attitudes towards sport's inclusion of children and youth with intellectual disabilities. The study included 155 respondents from the general population over 18 years of age from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The working version of the Scale contained 29 items, and after content validity, the final version had 34 items. The items were subjected to the calculation of the internal consistency coefficient of Cronbach's alpha, as well as reliability assessment by calculating the inter-item statistics. Four rounds of factor analysis were conducted, and the three-factor model was retained, explaining 50.43% of the total variance. The set of 34 items reduced to 21 based on the obtained results. The internal reliability coefficient of = 0.90 indicates that the Scale has excellent reliability and internal agreement. The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS = 0,058, df = 155, p = 0,200) show that the obtained distribution of the Scale does not deviate statistically significantly from the normal distribution. Results indicate that the Scale can be used in future research on the general population's attitudes towards the sport's inclusion of children and youth with intellectual disabilities.Key words: attitudes, sports inclusion, reliability, sensitivity, exploratory factor analysis.

Development and validation of a research version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering- Adult (OASES-A-R)

BackgroundThe Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering for Adults (OASES-A; Yaruss & Quesal, 2016) is a widely used measurement tool designed to evaluate the adverse impact associated with stuttering. Items examine general perceptions of stuttering, personal reactions to stuttering, functional communication difficulties, and consequences for quality of life. This paper presents a shortened research version of the OASES-A response form (OASES-A-R) that can be used by researchers in scientific studies involving adults who stutter that reflect the Section and Total Scores of the original OASES-A using fewer items. MethodPreviously collected OASES-A data (N = 315) were analyzed via graded response modeling to identify discrimination values of each OASES-A item in measuring each OASES-A Section Total Score. Items with the highest discrimination and items judged by expert clinicians to be more important in measuring adverse impact (N = 27) were used to create a shortened OASES-A-R. The shortened OASES-A-R response form was then validated and compared to the full OASES-A response form in an independent sample (N = 156). ResultsThe shortened 25-item OASES-A-R response form demonstrated very high and positive correlations with the full OASES-A response form. Similarly, each OASES-A-R Section demonstrated high internal reliability coefficients similar to those of the OASES-A. DiscussionThe resulting 25-item OASES-A-R response form provides a reflection of the speaker’s experience of stuttering as measured by the original 100-item OASES-A that is suitable for use in certain research studies of adults who stutter. Clinical use is not recommended, as the full OASES-A provides additional insights about a client’s experience of stuttering that are necessary for effective treatment planning and intervention.

THE ONLINE DATING INTENSITY SCALE (ODI): VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF TURKISH FORM

The main purpose of the current research is to adapt the Online Dating Intensity Scale (CFAS), developed by Bloom and Taylor (2019) to evaluate the frequency of use of individuals using online dating programs, into Turkish and to conduct reliability and validity studies of the scale. The sample of the research consists of 110 participants who have previously used and/or are currently using any online dating program. Within the scope of the current study, the original form of the scale was translated into Turkish by experts, and the back-translation was made by experts fluent in both languages. For the validity and reliability analyses of the scale, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was examined for construct validity, and Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient and Composite Reliability (CR) coefficients were examined for reliability analyses. Research findings revealed that the two-factor solution was confirmed in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In addition, the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient of the scale is 0.92, and the Composite Reliability (CR) coefficients are 0.86 for the attitudes and 0.71 for intensity sub-dimensions. As a result, it was concluded that the scale has very good psychometric properties and allows a valid and reliable assessment of the intensity of online dating experiences in Turkish culture.

Qualıty of Lıfe in Parents of Chıldren Wıth Autısm

Within the scope of the study aiming to investigate the current status of parents with children with autism in terms of quality of life, 52 parents residing in Ankara were included in the study. The data obtained on the basis of volunteerism and criterion sampling method, as well as the personal data form, were developed by Eapen, Crncec, Walter and Tay (2014) and adapted to Turkish by Gürbüz Özgür, Aksu and Eser (2017). The data were tested with normality distribution as well as as descriptive statistics, and non-parametric tests were applied since it was determined not to show normal distribution. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for binary comparisons, and Kruskall Wallis tests were used to compare groups of three and above. The internal reliability coefficient was determined as .91 for the parental quality of life scale in autism. Research findings show that parents with children with autism have below-average quality of life, this value is the age, gender, educational status, employment status, mother or father status of the child with ASD, having a girl or boy diagnosed with ASD, and ASD. reveals that the child does not differentiate with variables such as as age. As a result of the research, it can be said that the quality of life of parents with children with autism is low and certain variables do not change this level in the life-long process such as autism. It is recommended to increase the quality of life with the systemic applications to be performed on parents with children with autism and children with autism.

TRIBAL PERCEPTION SCALE: A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

The purpose of this study is to shed light on how students at Hakkari University see the political and social components of the concept of tribe, which is considered a way of life in Turkey. Before conducting group interviews with associate, undergraduate, and graduate students at the targeted university who were at least 18 years old to build the research's question pool, the researcher conducted a comprehensive literature study. Using the information obtained from the group interview and literature review, a five-way Likert survey containing questions about the notion of tribe will be administered to Hakkari University students for the 2022–2023 academic year. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on 231 survey responses. In addition, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on the data acquired from 174 participants using the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) program. As a result of the analyses, the Tribal Perception Scale (after this named TPS) with 15 items and two sub dimension was developed. The internal reliability coefficient (Cronbach Alpha) of this scale was discovered to be 0.85 as a result of an examination of its reliability. The social and political perception subdimensions of the scale were found to be 0.88 and 0.76, respectively, and this scale was found to account for 51.671% of the total variance. This result led to the conclusion that TPS is a highly valid and trustworthy instrument for data gathering.

Entrepreneurial habits and Adolescent Socialization into Economic Independence among the Bamilékés of West Cameroon

Purpose: Entrepreneurial spirit and achievement is often linked to the cultural value of a people and such innovative and economic-driven values have today been perceived as core antecedents of business start-up. The journey from childhood to adulthood also goes with the transition of adolescents to economic independence and often ensured through socialization into work and entrepreneurial-driven cultural values. This study sought to examine the effect of entrepreneurial habits on adolescent socialization into economic independence among the Bamileke of Cameroon. The Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura (1977) provided the theoretical starting point for this study.
 Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative design to test the influence of entrepreneurial habits on socialization of adolescents into economic independence. The study site was the Beamlike society of the West Region of Cameroon. With regard to sample, 384 adolescents were recruited from 8 selected villages for the study. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and a questionnaire with determined internal reliability coefficient was used for information gathering. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.
 Findings: Results show that entrepreneurial habit was able to explain the variations in economic independence at 73.7%. Analysis also suggested that a unit increase in the level of entrepreneurial habit will increase socialization into economic independence at 0.324 units. Furthermore, results confirmed the model as a good fit (F= 1068.761), and consequently, the null hypothesis was rejected.
 Recommendations: Therefore, work habit significantly estimated the level of socialization into economic independence of adolescents. Considering that entrepreneurial development is the most important input in the economic development of any society, the objectives of industrial development, balanced regional growth, and generation of employment opportunities should be achievable through entrepreneurial development and this depends on the inculcation entrepreneurial values in young people. Therefore, adolescents should be socialized and guided on how to develop business habits in order to be able to detect opportunities, indulge in business start-up in order to achieve economic independence. The Government strategies of creating job creators should be reinforced at the grass-root and this should build on the creative and innovative values of a people.

Environmental Behaviors and Ecological Intelligence of University Students

The aim of this study is to determine the environmental behaviors and ecological intelligence levels of university students, to examine the differentiation status of some demographic variables and to evaluate the relationship and effect between variables and measurement tools. While 281 university students were included in the study, "Environmental Behavior Scale (EBS)" and "Adult Ecological Intelligence Scale (EISIFA)" were used to measure the data. Descriptive statistics, independent sample T test, one-way analysis of variance ANOVA and Post hoc tests, Pearson Correlation test and regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. In this study, internal reliability coefficients were determined as .89 for EBS and .83 for EISIFA. It can be said that the participating university students exhibited a high level of EISIFA (4.01 ± 0.54) and a moderate level of EBS (3.45 ± 0.62). It was determined that there were significant differences between the participants' gender, age, perceived income, department, taking lessons about environment, attending a course, seminar or talk on about the environment, efficient use of leisure time, participation in activities using natural resources and EBS and EISIFA. It has been determined that the activities that most done at leisure time do not significantly differentiate EBS and EISIFA. On the other hand, it was determined that there was a moderately positive (r=.472) relationship between EISIFA and EBS. It was determined that EISIFA level was a significant predictor of EBS (F=79.996; p

The Psychometric Properties of the Adlerian Courage Scale in a Sample of Turkish Adolescents

Courage has received considerable attention in recent years. However, courage research has been limited due to a lack of appropriate measurement tools for adolescents. In this field, there is a measurement tool for courage from an Adlerian perspective for adults, but it is lacking for adolescents. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adlerian Courage Scale – Adolescents Form within an adolescent sample in Türkiye. The scale was administered to 618 Turkish adolescents aged between 14-18. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the scale's one-dimensional structure was confirmed with high factor loadings for the items. Additionally, the internal reliability coefficient (α = .93) and test-retest reliability score (.95) illustrated that the items of the scale were reliable. Overall, considering reliability and validity results, the findings suggested that Adlerian Courage Scale – Adolescent Form is a valid and reliable measure to investigate the concept of courage in the context of positive psychology within the Turkish adolescent context.

Adaptation and Validation of the Responsive Environmental Assessment for Classroom Teaching (REACT): The Dimensionality of Student Perceptions of the Instructional Environment to Turkish for EFL Classrooms

The aim of this research is to adapt The Responsive Environmental Assessment for Classroom Teaching (REACT) scale developed by Nelson, Demers, and Christ (2014) into Turkish for EFL classrooms and to test its applicability in Türkiye on a group of secondary school students studying in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. Construct validity of the scale was tested with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a structure with 22 items and four factors was obtained. The fit indices of the 4-factor structure as due to CFA show that the model is at a reasonable level. Test-retest method was used for the stability of the scale. A correlation of .910 was obtained between the two applications. To determine the scale reliability, item-total correlations and correlation analysis were used, and Cronbach alpha and composite reliability were calculated. The correlation between the sub-dimensions of the scale ranged between .420 at the lowest, .687 at the highest, and item factor loads between .51 and .88. Corrected item correlations range from .44 to .67, and the difference between the means of the 27% lower and upper groups is significant for all items. The Cronbach α internal reliability coefficient calculated to determine its internal reliability was found to be .925. The composite reliability coefficient was calculated as .957. As a result, it can be said that the REACT scale is a valid and reliable scale that researchers can use.

The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Men (SSS-M)

Objective: This study was carried out to determine whether the Turkish version of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Men (SSS-M), a modified version of the Women Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SSS-W) developed by Meston and his friends is a valid and reliable tool or not. Material and Methods: This is a methodological study and was conducted between March and July 2021. After the language translation and content validity studies of the 30-item of which Likert-type scale and five sub-dimensions a preliminary application was carried out on a group of 30 people. Data were obtained from 193 male individuals on an online platform after ethical approval. Whereas for the scope\content validity of the scale Content Validity was used, to test for validity Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed. To verify its dependableness, the Cronbach Alpha score and item-total correlation score were tested. The time invariance of the scale was evaluated with a test-retest. Results: The scale and content validity was reviewed by eight experts. The construct validity of the scale was performed by using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Confirmatory factor loads were determined between .55 and .87, and exploratory factor loads were determined between 0.34 and .83. The correlation coefficient between the score of each item and the scale score was determined as r=.35-.80 (p<.001). The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency and reliability coefficients were found as .95 in the total of the scale and were found as.82-.95 in its sub-dimensions. No significant difference was found in the test-retest reliability analysis (p>.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was determined that the Turkish version of the five-dimension "Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Men (SSS-M)" is a valid and reliable four-dimensional instrument and can be used in research and clinic. Keywords: sexual satisfaction, men, reability, validity

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Scale of Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT)

The Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) scale shows a statistically acceptable level of reliability and validity and can guide clinicians in managing transplant candidates. This study aims to adapt PACT scale to Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability for Turkish transplant candidates. This was a psychometric study of a sample of 162 patients in the organ transplant services of 2 hospitals in Turkey. The number of patients enrolled in the study was 20 times the number of items on the scale. The research data were collected using PACT. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, Pearson correlation, and factor analysis were used to evaluate the data. The data were analyzed using varimax rotation in principal component analysis. The factor loadings of the items ranged from 0.56 to 0.79. The internal reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.87. It was also found that the scale accounted for the 52.82% of the total variance. According to the results of this study, evidence of the validity and reliability of the PACT was obtained.

Niversite Öğrencileri için Okuma Olgunluğu Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

This study aims to adapt the Reading Maturity Survey (RMS) developed by Thomas, Yao, Katherine, and Kreiner (2018) into Turkish to determine the reading maturity level of university students. The study group of the research consisted of 734 students studying at the university level. In the first phase of the adaptation study, three experts working in the Department of English Language Teaching and a total of 126 university students with sufficient command of both languages were worked with, and language validity practices were completed. After the Turkish language validity was established, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to determine the scale’s construct validity. To determine the reliability of the items in the scale, the Cronbach α internal reliability coefficients were calculated. To determine the distinctiveness of the items, the item-total correlations were calculated, and the significance of the difference between the item scores of the upper 27% and lower 27% groups determined according to the total score was determined by the t-test. The study’s findings show that the Turkish version of the RMS is a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the reading maturity levels of Turkish university students.

Validation of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire and its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents.

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Revised (SATAQ-4R) has been widely used in Western countries to link body appearance that is related to eating disorders and body dissatisfaction being commonly reported by adolescents. However, a comprehensive psychometric validation of the SATAQ-4R in Chinese adolescent samples is still lacking. To this end, the aim of the current study was to validate the gender-appropriate SATAQ-4R in a sample of Chinese adolescents, following by an investigation of its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorder symptoms. Two gender-specific studies were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the SATAQ-4R-Female and SATAQ-4R-Male respectively among adolescent girls (Study1, N=344, with 73 participants at retest) and boys (Study2, N=335, with 64 participants at retest). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the factor structure and their test-retest reliability, the internal consistency and convergent validity were subsequently examined. For the SATAQ-4R-Females, the seven-factor model has a reasonable fit, with Chi-square =1112.769 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.067. For the SATAR-4R-Males, an acceptable seven-factor model with Chi-square = 982.92 (p<0.001), CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR= 0.06 was observed. With respect to test-retest reliability, the internal consistency for 7 subscales was rated as good (Cronbach's alpha =0.74 to 0.95) among female adolescents, likewise the internal consistency of the seven subscales was also rated as good (Cronbach's alpha =0.70 to 0.96) among male participants. Good convergent validity was observed, reflected by associations of the subscales of the gender-specific SATAQ-4R with muscularity-related attitude, body image-acceptance, body appearance, perceived stress level, symptoms of eating disorder and self-esteem. For women and men, the original 7-factor structure was validated among Chinese adolescents, internal reliability coefficients for the seven subscale scores were good and test-retest reliability was acceptable. Our results also confirmed the convergent validity of the two different gender-appropriate scales.

Vocational success among at-risk, low-income young adults: Are there contributing factors?

Due to their underrepresentation in research, little is known about factors that contribute to the vocational success of young adults who are of low socioeconomic status. Therefore, we identified such factors in this population enrolled in Ohio’s Comprehensive Case Management and Employment Program.A pre-tested and pilot-tested survey based on the Theory of Self-Efficacy was used to measure key variables related to vocational success. The internal reliability coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.90 to 0.96. The survey was sent by text message to 374 young adults enrolled in the program.The response rate was 79 % (n = 296). Most were non-Hispanic (88.5 %), 18–24 years of age (82.3 %), female (79.7 %), and Black/African American (56.8 %). Mixed-race subjects reported the poorest mental health status compared to single-race individuals. Nearly 80 % reported experiencing “medium” to “high stress,” and 22 % reported “fair” to “poor” physical health. Vocational self-efficacy was significantly higher among respondents who (i) were parents (p < 0.05), (ii) lived with dependent children (p < 0.05), (iii) had excellent overall health (p < 0.01), and (iv) placed a higher value on obtaining a job that paid enough to pay their bills (p < 0.01). Outcome expectations were higher among those who reported having (i) low stress levels (p < 0.01), (ii) excellent overall health (p < 0.01), (iii) no barriers to achieving academic or vocational success (p < 0.01), and (iv) higher outcome value (p < 0.05). The number one barrier to vocational success identified was lack of childcare (8 %).Improving the physical and mental health of young adults is vital to positively impacting their path to vocational success. The next steps would to continue this investigation with vocational success as the outcome.

Reliability of research instruments in management sciences research: an explanatory perspective

Purpose: The reliability of test scores is the extent to which they are consistent across different occasions of testing, different editions of the test, or different raters scoring the test taker’s responses. The purpose of this study is to assess the various approaches in determining the reliability of research instruments in management sciences research. Design/methodology/approach: The study used an exploratory research technique and relied on information from previous studies and publications, including journals, textbooks, periodicals, and the internet. Findings: Consequence upon several articles reviewed on the subject matter by different researchers on reliability of research instrument, it was observed that some scholars were able to test and measure data credibility through different modes such as internal consistency, inter rater, alternate form and reliability coefficient. Practical implications: The paper explored all of the pertinent concerns surrounding quantitative research instrument reliability and reviewed test reliability which include but not limited to: “alternate-forms reliability,” “inter-rater reliability,” “internal consistency,” “reliability coefficient,” “classification consistency,” with illustrations. Originality/value: Popular and commonly used reliability assessment approaches in Nigeria and in the field of management are the use of Cronbach alpha and Test-retest reliability tests for instrument reliability. Despite these, there are different types of reliabilities which are less reported in the field of management in the Nigeria academia. Based on this, the study reviewed various approaches and types of reliability test commonly utilised in Management sciences. Keywords: Research Instrument, Reliability, Alternate-forms Reliability, Inter-rater Reliability, Internal Consistency. JEL CODE: M30.

Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of the Interpersonal Affect Improvement Strategies Questionnaire (IAISQ)

The aim of this study was to adapt the Interpersonal Affect Improvement Strategies Questionnaire (IAISQ) into Turkish population, as well as to examine its validity and reliability estimates. The sample consisted of 610 university students. The original factor structure of the scale was confirmed in Turkish sample by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal reliability coefficient was found as .75 for overall scale (.74 for Positive Engagement subscale, .63 for Acceptance subscale). Significant correlation coefficients were found between the subscales of IAISQ and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ), confirming a good criterion related validity. Overall results suggest that Turkish form of IAISQ is a valid and reliable measure to use for research purposes in order to investigate the Turkish students’ interpersonal affect improvement strategies.

Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of the Interpersonal Affect Improvement Strategies Questionnaire (IAISQ)

The aim of this study was to adapt the Interpersonal Affect Improvement Strategies Questionnaire (IAISQ) into Turkish population, as well as to examine its validity and reliability estimates. The sample consisted of 610 university students. The original factor structure of the scale was confirmed in Turkish sample by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal reliability coefficient was found as .75 for overall scale (.74 for Positive Engagement subscale, .63 for Acceptance subscale). Significant correlation coefficients were found between the subscales of IAISQ and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ), confirming a good criterion related validity. Overall results suggest that Turkish form of IAISQ is a valid and reliable measure to use for research purposes in order to investigate the Turkish students’ interpersonal affect improvement strategies.

Validation of the Slovene Functions of Identity Scale with a sample of emerging adults

The Function of Identity Scale (FIS) is a self-report measure of five identity functions: structure, harmony, goals, control, and future. The purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version on a sample of emerging adults. 287 participants between the ages of 18 and 29 years participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the proposed five-factor structure of the scale. Furthermore, strict measurement invariance across genders was demonstrated. Convergent validity was only partially established. With the exception of the Control subscale, the internal reliability coefficients were satisfactory for the other four subscales. Shortcomings of the Control subscale were discussed along with recommendations for future revisions. Overall, the results of the study are consistent with those observed in other validation studies and support the usefulness of the scale for assessing the identity functions among emerging adults.

Gıda Temelli Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği'nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması

Objective: The aim of the study is adaptation of the "Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale", whose original language is English, into Turkish for adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study is a scale adaptation study to determine the validity and reliability of the scale. The study was conducted 472 participants studying in the province of Istanbul in September-November 2020. Data were collected with "Personal Information Form", "Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale " and "Life Satisfaction Scale". The validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were made with the collected data. Results: For the five-item and one-dimensional scale, the eigen-value was 2.72 and the explained variance rate was 54.4%. The factor loadings of the items ranged from 0.44 to 0.76. The Cronbach Alpha internal reliability coefficient was 0.78. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, fit indices were found as x2/df= 2.38, RMSEA= 0.069, SRMR= 0.029, CFI=0.982, IFI=0.983 and GFI=0.984. The test-retest correlation is 0.86. The correlation between the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale was found to be 0.53. Conclusion: Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale, which was adapted into Turkish, is a valid and reliable scale for adolescents aged 14-18.

Determining In-service Teachers’ Professional Development Expectations: An Instrument Development Study

Professional development programs (PDs) for in-service teachers are usually structured to deliver standardized content. However, considering the differences in the teaching practices utilized by teachers of different subjects, their needs and expectations may vary. Thus, this study develops an instrument to determine in-service teachers’ expectations regarding PDs. Themes regarding the PD expectations of teachers were created based on a detailed literature review and authors’ field experiences. In line with these themes, an item pool comprising 51 items was created. The developed instrument was applied online to 322 teachers from different provinces of Turkey and teaching different subjects. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the dataset to ascertain the construct validity of the instrument. As a result of the analyses, the finalized instrument comprised 49 items and 6 dimensions; support, practice, learning, student success, organization, and career. The Cronbach’s alpha internal reliability coefficient of all items in the finalized instrument was .94. These findings show that the instrument is a valid and reliable data collection tool for determining teacher expectations of PDs for identified themes. This instrument will be particularly useful in exploring the expectations of teachers while designing PDs and determining the extent to which current PDs meet teachers’ expectations.