Internal Reconstruction Research Articles

Application of intra-articular graft length measurement in total anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic measurement of intra-articular graft length in the application of total internal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL). The 60 patients with ACL injury treated between January 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 37 males and 23 females, aged from 22 to 44 years. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into two groups:conventional surgery group (conventional group) and pull-line measurement group (measurement group), with 30 cases in each group. In the conventional group, there were 20 males and 10 females, with an average age of (30.00±3.95) years old;the body mass index (BMI) was (22.58±1.41) kg·m-2;there were 9 cases on the left side and 21 cases on the right side;the time from injury to operation was (3. 00±1.35) days. In the measurement group, there were 17 males and 13 females, with an average of(32.00±4.29) years;BMI was (23.29±1.39) kg·m-2;there were 12 cases on the left side and 18 cases on the right side;the time from injury to operation was (3.00±1.27) days. The clinical data of the patients before surgery, 6 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery were collected and recorded. The clinical efficacy of the two methods was compared in terms of postoperative VAS, KOOS, Lysholm score, IKDC score, knee stability (Lachman test, anterior drawer test and axial shift test), the degree of widening of bone tunnel diameter measured by CT at different stages of the postoperative period and MRI scoring system. At 12 months after surgery, the VAS of the measurement group was lower than that of the conventional group(P<0.001). At 12 months after surgery, KOOS scores in the measurement group were higher than those in the conventional group, and there were statistically significant differences in all scores except symptom scores (P<0.05). Six months after operation, Lysholm total score and IKDC total score in the measurement group were higher than those in the conventional group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At 12 months after surgery, knee stability tests were performed, and the differences between the Lachman test, anterior drawer test and axial shift test measurement group and the conventional group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, overall knee instability analysis showed that the knee stability of the measurement group was better than that of the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P=0.038). The imaging assessment of patients in both groups at 6 months after surgery showed that the widening of tendon tunnel diameter in both femur and tibia was reduced in the measurement group compared with the conventional group after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);MRI scores were higher in all patients in the measurement group those in the conventional group, at 6 months and 12 months agter surgery(P<0.05). Arthroscopic measurement of intra-articular cavity graft length in total internal technique for ACL reconstruction, high tendon utilization, good stability, the knee joint function has recovered satisfactorily within one year, and the therapeutic effect is affirmed.

Dėl vienos lietuvių kalbos tikslo sakinio konstrukcijos

The article deals with the use of the Lithuanian anteriority converb in -us in a certain type of purpose clauses whose implicit subject is coreferential with the (often also implicit) main clause subject or agent (as in kad veltui neišmetus pinigų ‘in order not to throw money away’). The article offers a historical account for its rise based on internal reconstruction. It is argued that the anteriority converb was introduced as a pseudo-conditional strategy used to avoid a factive reading in constructions with evaluative predicates (as in gerai būtų suradus... = gerai būtų, jeigu surastume... ‘it would be a good thing if we found…’). From evaluative constructions the converb then spread to optative clauses with kad tik ‘if only’ (gerai būtų suradus ‘it would be a good thing to find…’ → kad tik suradus... ‘if only one could find…’). Apart from a semantic shift (from evaluative to desiderative/deontic) this also involved a process of syntactic insubordination. In a subsequent process of resubordination, constructions with the anteriority converb finally came to function as adverbial purpose clauses. In the final part of the article it is argued that the negative view prescriptivist sources take of purpose clauses with the anteriority converb might be up for a revision.

Dynamic Reconfiguration and Local Polarization of NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide-Bi2MoO6- x Heterojunction for Enhancing Piezo-Photocatalytic Nitrogen Oxidation to Nitric Acid.

Constructing heterojunctions with vacancies has garnered substantial attention in the field of piezo-photocatalysis. However, the presence of interfacial vacancies can serve as charge-trapping sites, leading to the localization of electrons and hindering interfacial charge transfer. Herein, dual oxygen vacancies in the NiFe-layered double hydroxide and Bi2MoO6- x induced interfacial bonds have been designed for the piezo-photocatalytic N2 oxidation to NO3 -. Fortunately, it achieves sensational nitric acid production rates (7.23mg g-1 h-1) in the absence of cocatalysts and sacrificial agents, which is 6.03 times of pure Bi2MoO6 that under ultrasound and light illumination. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that interfacial bonds act as "charge bridge" and "strain center" to break the carrier local effect and negative effects with piezocatalysis and photocatalysis for promoting exciton dissociation and charge transfer. Moreover, the strong electronic interaction of the interfacial bond induces internal reconstruction under ultrasound for promoting the local polarization and adsorption of N2, which accelerates the fracture of the N≡N bonds and reduces the activation energy of the reaction. The research not only establishes a novel approach for optimizing the combined effects of piezo-catalysis and photocatalysis, but also achieves equilibrium between the synergistic impacts of vacancies and heterojunctions.

The diachrony of the Basque marker bait-: from a manner expression to subordinator

Abstract This article analyzes the diachrony of the Basque marker bait-, which is a verbal prefix in subordinate clauses, but also has other functions: for example, it appears in independent clauses and indefinite pronouns. In subordinate clauses, it is used in two ways. First, it co-occurs with clause-initial conjunctions in reason, manner or result clauses or with pronouns in relative clauses. Secondly, it is used on its own, in relative, reason, result and complement clauses (with a limited group of verbs, such as emotive factive predicates or predicates of happening). The article combines evidence from a corpus study (6822 examples from 16th- to 20th-century texts) and internal reconstruction to (1) determine if and in what way the subordinator bait- and the affirmative bai ‘yes’ can be diachronically related, and (2) try to establish diachronic relations between the functions of bait-. It is proposed that the missing link between the subordinator and the affirmative particle might be a manner expression bai which had anaphoric functions. The marker bait- emerged as a reanalyzed form of the manner expression, which then gradually and through various pathways spread to different types of subordinate clauses and was reanalyzed as a subordinator.

Sovijaus mito faktografijos genezė – etnologinis diskursas

By applying the internal reconstruction and comparative methods, in this article I detail the ethnological discourse in the 1262 insert in the 6th-century Chronicle of John Malalas. I dispute earlier authors’ hypothetical claims about how the meaning markers 9 boar spleens, 9 gates of hell, etc. relate to the referents abundance and the inherent vitality of the defeated enemy or the sun’s annual movement across the heavens and the 9 gates of the city of Rethra, and others. These ethno-mythological symbols are interpreted harnessing factography from the Old and New Testaments, the Christian dogmatism of the deadly sins (9 [→ 8 → 7]), also detailing Evagrius Ponticus’ and Slavic apotropes, such as the spleen (↔ food of the dead) and their ritual tradition of placing food in gates/gateways for the spirits of the deceased.

Retrospective analysis and comparison of total internal disability preservation technique and standardized reconstruction technique

To investigate the efficacy and clinical results of total internal protection technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A total of 56 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction treated from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into total internal reconstruction group and standard bone tunnel group. There were 21 patients in the total internal reconstruction group, including 15 males and 6 females, aged from 20 to 48 with an average of (35.6±6.7) years old, and 35 patients in the standard tibial tunnel group, including 26 males and 9 females, aged 22 to 51 years old with an average of (33.7±9.6) years old. Preoperative examination of Lachman test was positive, magnetic resonance indicated anterior cruciate ligament rupture. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to ACL reconstruction, combined meniscus injury and operation method, operation time, ligament diameter, ligament length and other general information. Postoperative evaluation included operation duration, length and diameter of transplanted tendon after braid. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, Tegner score and perioperative complications 2 years after surgery. Both groups were followed up, ranging from 24 to 30 months with an average of (26.9±3.4) months. Postoperative incision healing was good, and no failure or joint infection occurred at the last follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in IKDC score, Lysholm score and Tegner score before, 1 year and 2 years after surgery. However, IKDC score, Lysholm score and Tegner score at 1 year and 2 years after surgery. The same postoperative function and stability of knee joint can be obtained by both the residual whole technique and the standardized reconstruction technique. In the residual whole group, only the semitendinosus muscle is taken, and the femoral thin muscle is retained, with greater tibial bone mass preserved, which is safe and effective in clinical practice.

Уникальный и утерянный мраморный иконостас Пермского Спасо-Преображенского кафедрального собора

The Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Perm, over 200 years old, underwent a complex construction process marked by numerous difficulties and prolonged completion. There were several reconstructions of the cathedral, expansions, and the addition of side chapels. Initially, the cathedral was divided into two churches – a summer church and a winter church. The summer church housed a magnificent Baroque wooden iconostasis, transported from the Pyskorsky stavropegial monastery. It has survived unaltered. The winter church (dedicated to St. Stefan) featured another iconostasis made of marble. It was dismantled in 1931, when the cathedral was repurposed as the Perm Art Gallery. The internal reconstruction necessary to accommodate the art museum was made by architect N. A. Shvariov. A few pre-revolutionary publications described very briefly what the marble iconostasis looked like. It is maintained that the iconostasis was made at the Gornoshchitskiy Marble factory by the order of Vice-Governor Bornovolokov, with the icons placed in it. Painted by the artists of the Imperial Academy of Arts, the icons were given to the temple by Alexander Stroganov. There are no more details about who was the author of the iconostasis, of what kind of marble and at what time it was made, and how it was delivered to Perm. The study aims to analyze the history of the marble iconostasis, introduce the surname of the artisan, show and justify its uniqueness. Most of the documents presented in the publication, including photographs, are introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time.

Hypocoristic palatalization in Basque and historical applications

This paper examines the processes of expressive palatalization in the Basque diminutive. Basque has two forms of the diminutive, a list of inflectional suffixes and a method of palatalization with specific phonological requirements. A speaker will first palatalize any coronal sibilants in the word. If there are none, then a dental obstruent that has a palatal counterpart is the next candidate. If there are again, none, then the last candidate is a dental coronal, but only the consonant on the leftmost edge. However, if there is a sibilant and a dental consonant, only the sibilants are palatalized. If there is a dental obstruent and a dental sonorant, only the obstruent is palatalized. To describe this process, I adopt an OT approach and an autosegmental approach to determine where the [+palatal] inflection morpheme can attach. Finally, I show the application of unworking the hypocoristic formation through internal reconstruction of Basque in animal names to produce two reconstructions.

Baltų kalbotyra Lietuvoje per šimtmetį

The article reviews the research of Baltic linguistics, including ancient writing, in Lithuania from the 1920s to the early 21st century. The aim was to discuss the development of some of the more important areas, directions and methods of Baltic linguistics, linking it with changes in public life and conjuncture, as well as national culture, and highlighting significant works. It begins with relatively modest but ambitious pre-war research conducted by traditional philological and comparative historical methods. It goes on to look at the oppressive time of the post-war ideological dictatorship, when, in principle, only activities of a practical nature were possible. The period of the so-called Thaw (ca. 1954–1965) allowed for some fresh air and maturing of the elite of Baltic language researchers, which in the years of stagnation (ca. 1965–1985) mastered the methods of internal reconstruction and structural linguistics, published significant works on the history of language, etymology, onomastics and synchronical linguistics, including theoretical ones, laid the foundations of schools of phonology and word formation. The review concludes with an epoch of Soviet transformation and restored independence (ca. 1985 to the present), which liberated researchers and gradually led to international horizons. Research in applied linguistics, terminology, stylistics, rhetoric and some other directions was discussed by collegues.

Proto-Nivkh Accent System

Abstract The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the Proto-Nivkh accent system and vocalism with the help of loanword analysis and internal reconstruction. It is shown that the place of the Proto-Nivkh accent depended on vowel height and syllable structure. The paper also argues that the unstressed vowel loss, which led to a radical change in Nivkh phonotactics, consonant system and morphophonology, occurred after the breakup of the last common ancestor of modern Nivkh varieties.

Improved cosmic microwave background (de-)lensing using general spherical harmonic transforms

Deep cosmic microwave background polarization experiments allow a very precise internal reconstruction of the gravitational lensing signal in principle. For this aim, likelihood-based or Bayesian methods are typically necessary, where very large numbers of lensing and delensing remappings on the sphere are sometimes required before satisfactory convergence. We discuss here an optimized piece of numerical code in some detail that is able to efficiently perform both the lensing operation and its adjoint (closely related to delensing) to arbitrary accuracy, using nonuniform fast Fourier transform technology. Where applicable, we find that the code outperforms current widespread software by a very wide margin. It is able to produce high-resolution maps that are accurate enough for next-generation cosmic microwave background experiments on the timescale of seconds on a modern laptop. The adjoint operation performs similarly well and removes the need for the computation of inverse deflection fields. This publicly available code enables de facto efficient spherical harmonic transforms on completely arbitrary grids, and it might be applied in other areas as well.

Towards a New Generalisation of the Tri‐Axial Orientation System in Situ Rgyalrong

AbstractThis paper revisits the orientation systems in Situ Rgyalrong (Burmo‐Qiangic, Sino‐Tibetan). These systems reflect heliocentric (e.g., east/west) or topographic (e.g., upriver/downriver) orientation, typically within a frame of absolute reference. While scholars agree that the orientation systems of different Situ dialects are generalisable to a tri‐axial model, the precise semantic values reflected by the three axes have always been controversial. In explaining synchronic semantic divergences among Situ orientation systems from a diachronic perspective, the present work first reveals historical layers within the three axes. Through internal reconstruction, it then identifies the original meanings of the two sets constituting the innovative Axis II. Finally, using typological parallelisms and local topographic features, this paper analyses the Proto‐Situ orientation system as a tri‐axial system of orthogonality, and infers the original meanings of the system’s three axes. Importantly, this study shows how the comparative method can be applied to solving semantic problems in languages rich in morphology.

Reconstructing the internal parents in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse

This paper considers the nature of creativity in Virginia Woolf’s novel To the Lighthouse, in which she said she had finally ‘laid the ghosts’ of her parents, after many years of being obsessed with them, her mother in particular. Woolf was very familiar with the psychoanalytic concepts of her day, owing to the social milieu and publishing context of the ‘Bloomsbury’ intellectual circle. She acknowledged that all her writings were in some sense autobiographical. Despite periods of severe depression, she preferred not to have an analysis but to pursue her own self-analysis through her writings. This paper pursues in detail the evolution of the image of ‘internal parents’, known in modern psychoanalysis as the ‘combined internal object’ (Klein, Meltzer) and taken to be the key source of an individual’s creativity. The aim is to distinguish the realistic portrayal of external parents from the creative story that is told and indeed discovered by the writer, focussing on its experiential and experimental evolution within the structure of the novel itself. Woolf spoke of the ‘androgynous’ nature of creative work, and this, it is suggested, refers not simply to the aesthetic interweaving of complementary qualities represented in the story, but to the sense of a governing aegis of parental bisexual objects who work towards and achieve a constructive relationship in the inner world, capable of repairing defects that exist in the external world. Woolf preferred not to interpret her own works symbolically but suggested that readers may do so. The family journey to the Lighthouse is often seen in terms of a spiritual journey, as well as an artistic one, and can also be interpreted in psychoanalytic terms of an internal reconstruction or reparation.

Lenition alternation in West Gyalrongic and its implications for Southeast Asian panchronic phonology

Abstract Based on internal reconstruction, this paper resolves a long-standing problem observed in Khroskyabs, a West Gyalrongic language (Sino-Tibetan), that seems to sporadically have lenited voiceless stops, resulting in irregular correspondences with East Gyalrongic. Two major sound changes are involved: intervocalic lenition and post-stress intersyllabic compression. It turns out that the processes proposed here are one probable solution to monosyllabicization in languages of Southeast Asia, explaining a pathway from polysyllables or sesquisyllables toward monosyllables. Through examining potential problems of previous reconstructions in various languages, this paper shows that the Khroskyabs case provides a plausible direction in the solution of relevant unresolved problems from a panchronic perspective.

RECONSTRUÇÃO ARTROSCÓPICA TOTAL DO LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR

ABSTRACT Introduction: Total internal arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is one of the new technologies in recent years. The main advantage is the need for only one tendon for the surgical procedure. Objective: Compare the clinical effects of total internal and traditional anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques. Methods: From January 2019 to January 2022, the clinical data of 45 patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed, including 32 males and 13 females aged 18-33 years, mean of 24.2 ± 3.3 years. Total internal reconstruction was performed in 22 cases (total internal group) and traditional reconstruction in 23 cases (traditional group). The two groups recorded and compared the time of injury, duration of surgical procedure, postoperative VAS score, and recovery of knee function. The International Knee Literature Committee (IKDC) and the Lysholm scoring system were used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Results: 45 patients were followed for 14 to 18 months, mean (15.4 ± 1.3) months. There were no significant differences between the two groups in time between operation and injury, duration of operation, IKDC, and Lysholm score of the affected knee at the last follow-up. However, there were significant differences in the VAS score on day one, day three, day seven, two weeks, and one month after the operation (P &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference at three months, six months, and one year after the operation. Conclusion: The effect of total internal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is equivalent to that of traditional methods, with less postoperative pain, making it the ideal choice for this treatment. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОДЕСЬКОГО СПИСКУ «МАЛОГО ЗБІРНИКА ПОВЧАНЬ» ТЕОДОРА СТУДИТА

The article is devoted to studying the specifics of the functioning of the future tense as an important component of the Bulgarian temporal system in the era of the Bulgarian Proto-Renaissance. The research object is an 18th century copy of the «Small Catechism» written by Theodore the Studite, which is a part of the manuscript no.1/154 from the Hryhorovych’s collection kept in the Odesa National Scientific Library. The primary method used for researching the history of languages – the comparative-historical method, is employed here. The involvement of the internal reconstruction approach makes it possible to determine the internal regularities of the development of the Bulgarian language that are valid beyond a particular time. The New Bulgarian monuments, dating to the XVII–XVIII century, from the Odesa manuscript collection are yet not sufficiently described and require careful and in-depth research, that proves the expediency of carrying out this analysis. Furthermore, studying the written monuments of the New Bulgarian period helps to supplement the knowledge about the development of the future tense, and the transformation of its forms, some specific stages of which remain undisclosed. The paper analyzes the forms of the future tense recorded in the text (both simple and compound), characterizes their structural, grammatical and functional particularities, and compares them with other manuscripts of the same period. The article pays special attention to the fact that contrary to the general tendency of using the auxiliary verb щетъ and da-constructions or the abbreviated infinitive as components of future tense forms, the main elements of the forms in the studied manuscript are хотэти and infinitive. The use of combinations б©д© + infinitive as a future tense form, which is not typical for the Bulgarian language history, is fixed. The analysis presented here highlights the regular use of simple future tense forms in subordinate clauses and ascertains their sporadic use in principle ones. Additionally, it notes the special impact of the archaic Middle Bulgarian written tradition and Church Slavonic language of the Eastern redaction on the formation of future tense form in the manuscript.

The adjacent Fe oxidation greatly enhancing OER activity on the Ni active site: S plays the role in optimizing local coordination and electronic structure

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck process of water splitting, and finding efficient, durable, low-cost, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts remains a major challenge. Here, FeNi2-400-S is to be a promising OER electrocatalyst which exhibits a low overpotential of 214 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. X-ray analysis indicates that the introduction of S leads to a mismatch in bond distance between the metal-sulfur bond and the metal-metal bond, which can change the local electronic structure and favorably control the electronic oxidation. The active site position of FeNi2-400-S has been further confirmed by DFT, which the ∗OOH can stably adsorb on the Ni site of the oxidized Fe-Ni-S benefitting from the synergetic effect of the Ni site and the adjacent oxidized O on the Fe atom. Our findings demonstrate that the internal reconstruction of catalyst can make the optimization of local coordination and electronic structure, in which the in-situ generated vacancy can enable the outstanding OER performance.

Pre-Proto-Yukaghir Consonant Clusters

Abstract This paper analyses a number of morphophonological alternations in the Yukaghir languages with the aim of the internal reconstruction of pre-Proto-Yukaghir. The main focus is on the simplification of complex consonant clusters arising on morphological boundaries between consonant-final root allomorphs and derivational suffixes. The paper also contains a new reconstruction of Proto-Yukaghir and pre-Proto- Yukaghir consonantism.

ACCENTUATIONAL PECULIARITIES OF VERBATIVES WITH DISPOSABLE SEMANTICS IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN PATOIS OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

Introduction. The paper focuses on the accentual specifics of the VIIth Structural Class verbs with disposable semantics in the south-western patois in correlation with those in late pre-Slavic language community and Ukrainian literary language.Purpose. The paper aims at tracing back the process of root accentuation formation in the verbs under investigation, finding their stress tendencies; defining the role and place of the patois in the process of establishing accent norms in variants of the Ukrainian literary language, and thus in present day Ukrainian language; explaining the causes of stressincompatibility of the verbatives in the patois under analysis as well as in south-western variants of the literary language and present day literary Ukrainian.Methods. To achieve the aim of the work the following methods of investigation have been applied: comparative-historic and that of internal reconstruction, inductive and deductive, synchronic and diachronic.Results. It has been revealed that the process derivatives, performing as the bearers of process semantics of influence on the object (subject) and movement in space, mainly accompanied by sound, are characterized by usage and derivation productivity, completeness of the grammatical paradigm, perfective aspect grammeme, morphological, phonetical and stress variance with the root one prevailing. It has also been found out that the majority of the verbatives belong to the derivative possessions of the Ukrainian language proper, root accentuation of which having been caused by the analogy to the derivatives of the mentioned paradigms.The stress shift from the root to the stem class suffix in the infinitive, and more rarely to the flexion in presence in the group of the verbative analyzed are motivated by rhythmic organizing of song lyrics, stress specifics of Lemcovian dialects, technical omissions of the compilers of thecorresponding lexicographic sources and functional load of the stress.Conclusion. The sporadicity of variance accentuation (root and suffix-flexional) of some verbs is motivated by crossing two (South-western and South-eastern) stress tendencies of the Ukrainian language. Suffix-flexional accentuation of the part of the defined derivatives in south-eastern variant of the Ukrainian literary language and present day Ukrainian is explained by the influence of the Russian language lexicographic tradition.

Языковая репрезентация масленичного обряда колодки в кубанской традиции

The aim of the study is to identify the terminology and ethno-cultural semantics of the Maslenitsa ritual of roping blocks in the Kuban region. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the paper for the first time describes the terminology of the Kuban rite of roping blocks in the ethnolinguistic aspect. The result is a description of the “content plan” of the Kuban Maslenitsa tradition based on the internal reconstruction of the rite and ritual vocabulary, i.e. the systematization of data on the Kuban tradition and on the external reconstruction - a description of the Kuban Maslenitsa rite and ritual vocabulary against the background of related traditions. Much attention is paid to the analysis of semantic shifts in the terminology of the rite.