Changes In Internal Quality Research Articles

Egg quality of Banat naked neck hens during storage

In less intensive production systems, native poultry breeds can be used in order to diversify the products and achieve self-sustainability of these breeds through production. Given the missing data on the sustainability of quality of eggs obtained from indigenous, native hens, during storage, the aim of the study was to determine the most important parameters of egg quality of indigenous breed of Banat Naked Neck hens during a four-week period in different storage conditions. The design of the experiment was two-factorial with 4 levels of storage time factors (fresh eggs - 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of storage) and 2 levels of temperature storage condition factors (room temperature and refrigerator). The room temperature was on average 21.3?C and the refrigerator temperature 8?C. Quality analysis was performed on a total of 200 eggs, and it included following parameters: egg weight, egg weight loss, weight and proportion of structural components: shell, yolk and albumen, albumen height, yolk colour, Haugh Units and albumen pH. The storage time had a significant effect on all properties of egg quality, except for the yolk colour, which was under the impact of the interaction of storage time and temperature. Storage temperature influenced egg weight loss (<0.001), shell weight (<0.05), albumen height (<0.0001), Haugh Units (<0.0001) and albumen pH (<0.0001). By storing in the refrigerator, changes in internal quality were significantly slowed down. After 28 days of storage in the refrigerator, the values of albumen and Haugh Units were higher than the same parameters of eggs stored for only 7 days at room temperature.

Qualidade de ovos brancos comerciais em diferentes temperaturas de conservação e período de estocagem

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and storage period on the external and internal quality of commercial white eggs. A total of 375 extra eggs of commercial white laying hens of the Hy-line line were allocated in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (temperature x storage period), totaling 14 treatments with five replicates of three eggs each. The treatments were room temperature (26.5oC) and refrigerated (11oC) and seven storage periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days). There was an interaction (P<0.05) between the factors evaluated for percentage ​​of albumen and yolk, Haugh unit, yolk index and raw yolk color. A reduction in the internal quality of the eggs was observed throughout storage at room temperature compared to refrigerated eggs. Weight loss of the eggs increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.05) and specific gravity decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing storage period. The weight loss was intensified at room temperature. In conclusion, white eggs stored at room temperature show marked quality losses, mainly during storage for up to 30 days. Eggs kept under refrigeration can be stored for up to 20 days without changes in internal quality.

Effect of bilayer coating composed of polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and sodium alginate on salted duck eggs

ABSTRACTThe composite bilayer film based on polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and chitosan were developed in this study, and the effects of the related coating on internal-quality changes of salted duck eggs (SDEs) during storage were determined. The results showed that the overall properties of the bilayer film were better than those of monolayer films, including storage stability. Coatings could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce quality deterioration of SDEs such as water loss, oil exudation, and gritty. The bilayer coating was more effective in inhibiting the increase of egg yolk pH and total bacterial counts than monolayer coatings. After storage for 60 days, water content of bilayer coated SEDs was 19.7% higher than that of the control SDEs, oil exudation was 38% higher, and gritty texture was 27.9% higher. Moreover, bilayer coating could prolong the shelf life of SDEs to more than 60 days at 25°C and 50% relative humidity according to the results of total bacterial count experiment, while the shelf life of control SDEs was less than 45 days. This study indicated the potential application of bilayer composite coating for preservation of SDEs.

Prediction of egg freshness during storage using electronic nose

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a fast gas chromatography (GC) e-nose for freshness discrimination and for prediction of storage time as well as sensory and internal quality changes during storage of hen eggs. All samples were obtained from the same egg production farm and stored at 20 °C for 20 d. Egg sampling was conducted every 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 d. During each sampling time, 4 egg cartons (each containing 10 eggs) were randomly selected: one carton for Haugh units, one carton for sensory evaluation and 2 cartons for the e-nose experiment. The e-nose study included 2 independent test sets; calibration (35 samples) and validation (28 samples). Every sampling time, 5 replicates were prepared from one egg carton for calibration samples and 4 replicates were prepared from the remaining egg carton for validation samples. Sensors (peaks) were selected prior to multivariate chemometric analysis; qualitative sensors for principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) and quantitative sensors for partial least square (PLS) modeling. PCA and DFA confirmed the difference in volatile profiles of egg samples from 7 different storage times accounting for a total variance of 95.7% and 93.71%, respectively. Models for predicting storage time, Haugh units, odor score, and overall acceptability score from e-nose data were developed using calibration samples by PLS regression. The results showed that these quality indices were well predicted from the e- nose signals, with correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.9441, R2 = 0.9511, R2 = 0.9725, and R2 = 0.9530 and with training errors of 0.887, 1.24, 0.626, and 0.629, respectively. As a result of ANOVA, most of the PLS model results were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the corresponding reference values. These results proved that the fast GC electronic nose has the potential to assess egg freshness and feasibility to predict multiple egg freshness indices during its circulation in the supply chain.

Rancidness of Armeniacae Semen Amarum involving Bianzhuang Lunzhi

This article aims to compare the qualities of Armeniacae Semen Amarum before and after rancidness, in order to study the rancidness of Armeniacae Semen Amarum. In the experiment, content of fatty oil, acid value and peroxide value were determined before and after rancidness,respectively. Meanwhile, HPLC, GC-MS were utilized to analyze laetrile and fatty acid components. Besides, colorimeter and e-nose were introduced to quantify and compare "color and odor". A correlation analysis was conducted on the above results. The results showed that color of post-rancidness Armeniacae Semen Amarum changed from yellow to brown, with sour and lower content of laetrile. On the contrary, acid and peroxide values increased significantly, with changes in fatty acid component. There was a considerable correlation between appearance characteristics and changes in internal quality. The "sensory analysis-quality identification system" can provide a certain scientific basis for prediction of the content of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine, preliminary judgment of quality of traditional Chinese medicine and real-time quality monitoring, which offers us novel ideas and reference for storage principles of traditional Chinese medicines of "pre-event prediction, during-event intervention and post-event identification".

Internal quality detection of Chinese pecans (Carya cathayensis) during storage using electronic nose responses combined with physicochemical methods

Chinese pecans (Carya cathayensis) are prone to rancidity because of the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is difficult to use traditional methods to detect rancid pecan kernels without breaking the shells. In this study, an electronic nose (E-nose) was applied to detect the internal quality changes of Chinese pecans during storage. The physicochemical indexes (acid value and peroxide value) of pecan kernels were measured by traditional methods as reference. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to evaluate the classification performances of different feature extraction methods (i.e., the “10th s values”, the “maximum values”, the “minimum values”, the “difference values”, the “average values”, the “area values” and the “75th s values”), and the result indicated that the “75th s values” method had the best classification performance with the first two scores explaining 97.66% of the variations. BP neural network (BPNN), learning vector quantization (LVQ), random forests (RF) and voting method were employed for further qualitative classification and the result showed that voting method performed better in classification with the 100% accuracy rate of calibration set and validation set than other three methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used for quantitative regression of acid values and peroxide values of pecan kernels, and the result provided evidences that the response data of the E-nose had a high correlation with the internal qualities of pecans.

Effects of storage temperature and time on internal quality of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu marc.) by means of E-nose and E-tongue based on two-way MANOVA analysis and random forest

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of storage temperature and time on internal quality of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) by means of electronic nose (E-nose) and electronic tongue (E-tongue). The results obtained by two-way MANOVA analysis shows that 1) storage time and temperature did exist interaction effect on vitamin C and sugar/acid ratio, 2) no interaction was found on the content of total soluble solid, and 3) storage time showed no significant influence on the content of total acid. The fusion system, which was composed of signals from E-nose and E-tongue, based on random forest, predicted the internal quality parameters of mandarin fruits with fairly higher precision when compared with a single system. This work indicates that two-way MANOVA analysis might be employed to evaluate the loss of internal quality of fruits under different conditions, and the fusion system composed of E-nose and E-tongue can monitor mandarins at different storage conditions and predict internal quality changes successfully. Industrial relevance Storage conditions for fresh fruit have been widely investigated, including shelf-life, storage temperature, waxing, and so on. Storage factors, during fresh fruit transportation or marketing, should be considered together and their interactions are also important. In this study, two-way MANOVA was applied to analyze the influence caused by storage time and temperature and also their interaction on the quality parameters. This paper describes the possible application of E-nose and E-tongue to trace the quality status of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) during different storage conditions. This technique could be used as a rapid and objective method applicable to routine quality control at any stage of the fruit supply chain.

Comparison of ELM, RF, and SVM on E-nose and E-tongue to trace the quality status of mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)

This paper demonstrates a joint way employing both of an electronic nose (E-nose) and an electronic tongue (E-tongue) to discriminate two types of satsuma mandarins from different development stages and to trace the internal quality changes (i.e. ascorbic acid, soluble solids content, total acid, and sugar/acid ratio). Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied for qualitative classification and quantitative prediction. The models were compared according to accuracy rate and regression parameters. For classification, the three systems (E-nose, E-tongue, and the fusion system) achieved perfect results respectively. For internal quality prediction, the RF and ELM models obtained better performance than the SVM models. The fusion systems had an advantage when compared with the signal system. This study shows that the E-nose and E-tongue systems combined with RF or ELM could be a fast and objective detection system to trace fruit internal quality changes.

Thermo-Sensitive Materials for the Time-Temperature Indicator

[Purpose] To show storage-resistant food internal quality changes such as canned food. [Method] By measuring the time-temperature-gray relational model of thermo-sensitive paper, compare it with the time-temperature-quality movement model of storage-resistant food. [Results] The analysis of the example show that: through controlling the production process and prescription of thermo-sensitive paper, adjusting the dosage of color-producing reagent, enabling the variation rule of gray match with the quality change of storage-resistant food. [Conclusions] Based colorless dyestuff 2-phenyl-3-methyl-6, 6-2 D-amino fluoran and 2, 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane color developer thermo-sensitive system, through controlling the production process and prescription of thermo-sensitive paper to show the quality change of storage-resistant food.

X-ray Computed Tomography for Internal Quality Evaluation of Peaches

The X-ray computed tomographic (CT) scanner was used to monitor the internal quality changes in peaches during ripening. The physicochemical constituents were monitored and the X-ray absorption expressed in CT number was used as an index. Relationships between the CT number and the physicochemical contents were determined. Results showed that CT number, moisture content and titratable acidity decreased significantly with postharvest ripening time, while pH and soluble solids increased with postharvest ripening time. The X-ray CT number is directly related with density, moisture content and titratable acidity. The soluble solids and pH are inversely related with CT number. X-ray CT imaging can be used as an effective tool in the evaluation of peach internal quality.

Development of chilling injury in five jicama cultivars

Five commercially important jicama ( Pachyrhizus erosus ) cultivars (`Agua Dulce', `Cristalina', `San Juan', `San Miguelito', and `Vega de San Juan') were stored at 10°C and 13°C to study postharvest quality changes and chilling susceptibility. Decay development, weight loss after storage, internal color and texture, respiration rates and ion leakage were the parameters used to evaluate differences in chilling susceptibility. All cultivars were very chilling sensitive, with symptoms of injury occurring after 1 week at 10°C plus 1 week at room temperature. Roots of cvs `Vega de San Juan' and `San Miguelito' were the most and least tolerant to 10°C storage, respectively. Roots stored at 13°C showed few internal quality changes over a 5-month period, although weight loss exceeded 35%.

The Response of Potato Tubers to Simulated Handling

Physiological responses (respiration, sugar, phosphate, and chip color changes) of potatoes to tuber-on-tuber tumbling were obtained with a handling simulator and related impact data were recorded with an instrumented sphere (IS). We attempted to combine the two technologies (simulator and instrumented sphere) into a single test that might quantify internal quality changes for processing. The simulator satisfactorily elicited physiological responses from the sample tubers, reflecting increased metabolic activity. It appears that changes in the concentrations of any one of the variables caused by the simulated handling could be utilized to identify the potential for internal quality degradation. However, our results may preclude the use of the IS as a simple extension and representation of the handling simulation; such adaptation of the IS appears to be more complex.