Internal Propensity Research Articles

Explaining Leader Well‐Being in the Workplace from Leaders’ Identity, Reputation, and Charisma

Informed by evolutionary leadership theory, the current study investigates two forms of leader well‐being in the workplace as explained by leaders’ self‐perceived identity (i.e., self‐ratings of dark personality), follower‐judged reputation (i.e., subordinate‐ratings of leaders' dark personality), and attributed charisma. Results, based on data from 386 followers matched with 268 leaders, linked both a Dark Triad identity and a Dark Triad reputation to less perceived social worth and job satisfaction among leaders. Additional results found leader charisma surpassed a Dark Triad identity and reputation as an explanatory factor, a finding we attribute to the salience and observability of charisma to followers. Lastly, our results also indicate a leader identity × charisma interaction. The pattern of moderation suggests followers respond to leader charisma in ways that encourage a leader and thereby buffer the otherwise inimical consequences of a Dark Triad identity. Overall, our research suggests that leaders’ subjective quality of work life is shaped by an interplay between internal propensity and acclaim from followers in the form of attributed charisma. Implications for organizations and evolutionary leadership theory are discussed.

Digital twins of objects in the solution of control problems

The paper includes the development analysis for digital representation of objects and processes in the field of production. Authors pay special attention to a description of digital twins (DT) as a key element in a structure of digital transformation tools for production management. The narration covers creation of DT and their groups with known techniques for entity conceptual simulation. There are the new approaches shown as to pressing problems in the comprehensive assessment of a state and administration of production facility’s functioning using digital twins. The considered approaches relate to the comprehensive assessment of an object’s state at any time (in the past, present, future) throughout its life cycle. Authors show that to solve tasks in digital transformation of production processes and management of complex industrial facilities, it makes sense to use the indicators proposed in the paper: system’s internal propensity towards conflicts, its update potential and remaining lifetime. Besides, they conclude that a qualitative analysis of a real entity’s behaviour and its control based on the DT model involve collection and accumulation of all of the available historical data about it, which, in turn, necessitates the creation of special-purpose software for big data processing that support the multidimensional temporal model for organisation of integrated information storages.

Reluctant to learn? The use of evaluation to improve EU cohesion policy implementation in Polish and Spanish regions

For many European Union (EU) member states, the Cohesion Policy (CP) was the channel through which the practice of evaluation was transmitted into domestic administration. Studies have shown that the EU member countries differ in terms of their evaluation capacity and activity. None of those studies, however, addresses regional governments, which are important actors in CP management systems. Our article presents the first cross-state comparative study on the evaluation activity and use by regional authorities in Poland and Spain. We explain the observed differences in evaluation using the concept of internal propensity and external pressure on evaluation, which in the case of regions, is imposed by the EU as well as national authorities.

Neighborhood co-offending networks, structural embeddedness, and violent crime in Chicago

Neighborhood disparities in crime are a persistent feature of U.S. cities. Scholars have documented that both local structural conditions and characteristics of spatially proximate communities influence neighborhood crime rates. Previous studies on neighborhood inequality in crime, however, are limited by their focus on identifying average spillover effects between pairs of spatially contiguous neighborhoods, and have neglected to consider how the broader social organization of the city influences local outcomes. This study examines the role of neighborhood-level criminal networks in shaping the distribution of crime throughout cities. Employing arrest records and survey data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we construct a neighborhood-level co-offending network for Chicago for 2001. We use this network to investigate how a focal neighborhood’s homicide rate is influenced by its structural embeddedness within the larger inter-neighborhood co-offending network. Results indicate that a neighborhood’s embeddedness increases the local homicide rate, even after controlling for the neighborhood’s internal propensity toward crime and accounting for unobserved spatial processes.

Barriers to Innovation and the Innovative Performance of Portuguese Firms

This paper aims to identify and analyze the main limiting factors of innovation performance in terms of product and process innovation. The limiting factors to innovation make the innovation process of a firm difficult, which influences its innovation performance. The goal of this essay is to develop a theoretical support based on current reference approaches, corroborated by empirical support, which allows for the identification and analysis of the factors that restrict innovation activity and innovation performance. The database is extracted from the Community Innovation Survey - CIS 2010, which was conducted under the responsibility of the Office of Planning, Strategy, Evaluation and International Relations/Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (GPEARI/MCTES), in collaboration with the National Statistics Institute (INE), under the supervision of EUROSTAT. We have developed a logistic regression model that highlights the barriers to innovation and identifies the factors that limit innovation performance. The analysis suggests that several barriers to innovation influence the Innovative performance of Portuguese firms. These results may be attributed to the fact that perceived barriers stimulate the firm to overcome these difficulties, which promotes the internal propensity to innovate. The most significant barriers identified in the study are the following: high innovation costs and perceived uncertainties in both the demand and market for new goods and services. This study shows that firms that do not have either qualified personnel to carry out innovation activities or sufficient market information are less likely to innovate than firms that do not experience these difficulties.

Self-identities and durability of biosystems via their abstracting capacity.

Any surviving organism is unique in abstracting and holding its self-identity as experiencing and processing different individual events of a concrete nature. The organism that can survive maintains its self-identity as abstracting its own durability as a class property out of those different individual events to be met and processed. Rather, the organism has the internal propensity of making its own actualization durable while processing the material resources available that are individually distinguishable. Biology is distinctive as compared to physics in availing itself of the synthesis of organization with use of the material act of measurement as a form of abstraction.

Individual and contextual factors: An interactionist approach to understanding employee self-development

While prior research has identified several individual characteristics and contextual factors influential on an employee’s quantity of self-development participation, no research has examined multiplicative effects among these factors. This study investigated person-situation interactions among five individual characteristics (e.g., openness to experience) and the contextual factor of workplace support for self-development. This study also sought to investigate the link between proactive personality and self-development participation, a promising individual characteristic that has received little attention in the self-development literature. Data collected from 136 employees demonstrates significant interactions between workplace support with learning goal orientation, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. As hypothesized, workplace support is more strongly, positively linked to quantity of self-development participation for employees lower in these traits. In contrast, the provision of external support is rather inconsequential for those high in these traits, as these employees demonstrate an internal propensity to engage in voluntary development regardless of the support available. Regarding proactive personality, a significant positive relationship was observed with self-development quantity. Further, although the expected interaction between proactive personality and workplace support did not reach statistical significance ( p = .056), it was in the hypothesized direction.

War, Democracy, and Internal Conflict: Israel in a Comparative Perspective

Many scholars of international relations still aim to conceptualize the phenomenon of war as a predominantly international event. This article shifts the analytical outlook. It looks at wars from the perspective of domestic politics, where war is perceived not only as a result of internal propensities but also as a cause of internal upheavals, dissent, or consent. How is internal political order in democracies influenced by wars? The relevant dilemma is how dissent and consent are formed in wartime. I examine how contrasting political dilemmas and attitudes regarding military force interact with characteristics of wars and military operations, state apparatuses, fear responses, threat concepts, cultural values (mainly those affecting political behavior), and political institutions (primarily ruling coalitions). My main concern is not how wars are conducted militarily, but rather how a society is mobilized, managed, and affected by adverse security conditions. I combine an analysis of the Arab-Palestinian-Israeli conflict with studies about conflicts and order to show

Autocrine motility factor and the extracellular matrix. II. Degradation or remodeling of substratum components directs the motile response of tumor cells.

Autocrine motility factor is a tumor-secreted cytokine which regulates cellular growth and motility by a receptor-mediated pathway. In the accompanying report (Part I of II), it was demonstrated that high (K1735-M1) and low (K1735-C1.11) metastatic murine melanoma cells display distinct adhesion and spreading characteristics which correlate with their differential spontaneous and stimulated migrations on the extracellular matrix components fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. These parameters were further related to discrete profiles of focal adhesion plaque integrity and reorganization. Here we describe unique migration patterns observed in these murine melanoma cells which reflect differences in degradation and/or remodeling of the cellular substratum. These profiles of matrix interaction were influenced distinctly by autocrine motility factor and dictated by both substrate composition and cellular phenotype. Since activation of the autocrine motility factor receptor stimulates invasion of a reconstituted basement membrane and enhances experimental metastasis by high- but not low-metastatic K1735 cells, differences in the invasive phenotypes of these cells may be due in part to their differential responses to external stimuli coupled with internal propensities toward either matrix degradation and migration (high-metastatic cells) or matrix remodeling and stasis (low-metastatic cells).

Individual Dirences in the Generation and Processing of Performance Feedback

This article describes the development of three domain-specific measures of individual differences in feedback propensities. In a series of studies, the authors identify the primary dimensions, psychometric characteristics, and construct validation evidence for internal ability, internal propensity, and external propensity for feedback. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the three dimensional representation. Correlations between the new scales and existing measures of personality are consistent with theoretical predictions. Theoretical and practical extensions of the current work are discussed.

Hume on Our Notion of Causality

1. In his recent 'David Hume and Necessary Connections' (Philosophy 62 (1987), 49-58), T. F. Lindley has suggested that Hume's subjective explication of necessary connection has been designed 'to weaken our notion of causality' (57). Citing a well-known passage from Hume's Enquiry in support of his suggestion, Lindley goes on to claim that we need not accept Hume's explication of the term 'necessary connection', and by implication, his (negative) assessment of the notion of causality. For as Lindley puts it: I have argued that there is a least one use of 'necessary connection' that refers to an objective relation. And if Hume had taken note of it, he would have had to distinguish, at the very least, between it and some more nebulous idea for which he had no antecedent impression (58). Now Lindley may, or may not, be correct in his specification of an objective use of 'necessary connection'. I shall not take issue with him on this score: this is something that others may want to decide on. However, where his interpretation of Hume's account of necessary connection is concerned, as I see it, Lindley is wide of the mark. For it appears that Hume does not maintain that the idea of necessary connection lacks an impression. Rather than argue that the idea of necessary connection is a 'nebulous idea for which he [i.e. Hume] had no antecedent impression' (58), my contention is that Hume endorses the quite different view according to which the idea of necessary connection is associated with an impression, and that this impression is a specific internal propensity, or determination of the mind. Before we consider the case for my interpretation, consider the basis of Lindley's version of Hume's views on necessary connection.