Self-talk Research Articles

"Dialectics of soul" and other psychological techniques in the novel "The Last Day" by Mikhail Naimy

The object of the study is the novel "The Last Day" by the Lebanese writer Mikhail Naimy. The subject of the study was the "dialectic of the soul" and "stream of consciousness", that is, techniques for describing the human condition borrowed from Leo Tolstoy masterpieces. For one day, the soul of Musa al-Askari overcomes severe suffering, it dies and is reborn in a new form. A small person turns into a strong personality. Psychological techniques for describing borderline human states, taken from Fyodor Dostoevsky, also helped the Lebanese writer to reveal the depths of the hero's personality. The scientific novelty of the article is that the Russian writers' techniques are found in the little-studied Arabic novel "The Last Day" that is an illustration of the Russian literature influence on Arab culture. For the first time in Russian literary study, this novel is analyzed from the "dialectic of the soul" perspective. The research was conducted on the basis of historical, literary, comparative methods, using scientific methods of observation and description, analysis and synthesis. As a result, it is noted that the novel narrative is organized according to the psychological realism, in which there is a psychological analysis passed through the stream of consciousness, an internal monologue and the dialectic of the soul. The authors conclude that Naimy took a humanistic approach and a special psychological manner of narration from Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky's works, to convincingly prove that a person is a fine–tuned mechanism, that kindness will save the world, and the secret of happiness lies in serving people. The practical significance of the research is that its results develop the topic of cultural ties between Lebanon and Russia. The article contributes to the development of Arabic literature, which remains poorly studied by Russian literary study.

Civic reasoning depends on transcendent thinking: Implications of adolescent brain development for SEL

Accumulating evidence from developmental social-affective neuroscience and educational research reveals striking affordances for adolescents’ academic, psychosocial and neural development of transcendent thinking—the disposition to integrate concrete, context-specific thinking and emotions into deliberations on the abstract, systems-level, ethical and personal implications of information, ideas, and skills. Here, we highlight the coordinated psychological and neural processes by which adolescents leverage transcendent thinking for civic reasoning. From qualitative field data, we argue that civic reasoning in the context of academic learning supports the coordination of conceptual understanding with intellectual agency, identity and communal orientation, leading youth toward process-oriented, rather than outcome-oriented, approaches to learning. From longitudinal interview and neuroimaging data, we argue that civic reasoning drives developmental coordination among brain networks involved in agency, self-awareness, and consciousness; internal reflection, abstraction and narrative; emotional feelings; memory; executive functioning and attention. These brain changes longitudinally predict resilience, identity development, and wellbeing (Gotlieb et al., 2024b). This transdisciplinary research underscores the power of civic reasoning for adolescents’ healthy development into young adulthood, and the benefits of schooling designed to center civic reasoning and personal reflection. In today’s globalized society, civic reasoning may be among the most important core social-emotional dispositions for youth and community thriving. Impact statementCivic reasoning is among the most important capacities youth must develop to sustain a functioning and equitable democratic society, and hence should be among the central aims of education. New research is demonstrating that adolescents’ dispositions toward civic reasoning, and the emotionally motivated transcendent thinking that undergirds it, are associated with a cascade of beneficial brain and psychosocial developmental effects that extend into young adulthood. Organizing adolescent education around civic reasoning and reflection could provide a powerful opportunity to support youths’ deep scholarly learning and psychosocial development in a coordinated way.

The role and place of Ukraine in modern international information policy: modern challenges and strategic imperatives of cooperation

Introduction: the relevance of the study is determined by evident and paradigmatic change of global political landscape and corresponding international and nation-state information policy. At the same time, attention is drawn to the presence of theoretical gaps in defining the definition of “information policy”, its institutional structure, as well as the mechanisms for its formation and implementation in today realities, in particular against the backdrop of Russia-Ukraine war and challenges concerning the role and place of Ukraine in international information landscape of international relations. Objectives: the article aims to develop an array systematizing the processes taking place within Ukrainian media space during the war, which would allow comprehending them based on theoretical paradigms and today realities of information policy, information landscape, and information geopolitics.Method: the methodological basis for considering research problems is based on the methods of systemic, structural-functional and institutional analysis. The research combines the methodological achievements of several paradigms, constituting the basis of philosophical pluralism - the synergistic method and the paradigm of nonlinearity.Results: the political role of the information space in modern society and public policy is comprehended. This role lies in the ability of the information space to reflect and subsequently change social processes (including political processes), as well as the interests of the actors dominating the political process. The negative effects of populism in the information policy of Ukraine and the discrepancies between internal and external media narratives are noted. The increasing role of civil journalism and Telegram channels in the information field of Ukraine is shown and an understanding of the corresponding challenges for information policy is proposed

COVID-19 memorable messages as internal narratives: stability and change over time

COVID-19 memorable messages as internal narratives: stability and change over time

La figura del periodista en el nacimiento del film noir. Stranger on the Third Floor (1940, Boris Ingster)

This article summarises the results of an investigation into the figure of the journalist and the importance of journalism in early film noir in the United States. To this end, we analyse the film Stranger on the Third floor (1940, Boris Ingster), a low budget feature (a so-called B-movie) produced by RKO. This film should be considered the first full-blown example of the US film noir genre and in it, the press and the carácter of the journalist are key to understanding its plot, internal narrative, and even the structure of the film. Here, we propose a three-fold análisis encompassing the historical context, plot, and form of the film to examine how Boris Ingster and the RKO cinematic production team succeeded in making Stanger on the Third Floor into a stylistic model for US film noire in which journalism plays a key role.

A STUDY ON THE IDENTITY AND ROLE OF NARRATORS IN MAHAKABI ANGANGHAL’S KHAMBA THOIBI SEIRENG

The paper tries to examine the role of narrators in Mahakabi Anganghal’s Manipuri epic, Khamba-Thoibi Seireng with the intention to study the epic as a narrative text by analyzing it through the theoretical framework of narratology. In the epic, there is the presence of both the ‘primary external narrator’ and the ‘internal narrator’ who narrate the immortal love story of Khamba and Thoibi. The ‘primary external narrator’ narrates the events of things or situations from outside the world of the story as the narrator of the main story whereas the narrations of the characters serve as ‘internal narrators’ who maintain the continuity and flow of the story. The omniscient narrator of the epic serves as the primary narrator and narrates the story of the parentage of Khamba and Khamnu, the legendary story of Kunjamala in the form of a digression etc. the main characters like Khamba, Khamnu, Thoibi etc. serve as internal narrators who narrate the stories associated with their lives through analepsis.

PSYCHOLOGISM IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FEMALE IMAGES IN THE NOVEL “BLACKBERRY WINTER” BY S. JIO

The article examines Sarah Gio’s novel Blackberry Winter as an example of the use of psychologism in the construction of female characters. Psychologism in literature reflects the complex psychological states of characters and social contexts, helping to understand their emotions and motivations more deeply. The analysis of the psychological depth of characters in the literature of the second half of the twentieth century is one of the key aspects of literary studies: the psychoanalytic method proposed by Freud allows us to consider characters as living people, revealing their internal conflicts and motives. The protagonists, Vera Ray and Claire Aldridge, reflect complex psychological states and conflicts through internal monologues, interaction with other characters, and symbolism. Vera Ray is living during the Great Depression of 1933, struggling to survive and reflecting her deep maternal instincts, fear and anxiety for the future of her son Daniel. Her interactions with other characters, such as Mr Harrison and Lon Edwards, emphasize her determination and inner strength. On the other hand, Claire Aldridge, a contemporary journalist, is grieving the loss of a child and struggling with feelings of hopelessness and isolation. Her inner monologues reflect her depression and search for meaning in life. Her interactions with her husband Ethan, memories of happy times and her desire to find new meaning through work and therapy highlight her emotional pain and desire to overcome her grief. The analysis of Vera and Claire’s inner world shows how detailed internal monologues, interaction with other characters and symbolic gestures help to reveal the characters’ psychological depth. This allows readers to gain a deeper understanding of their emotions, motivations, and internal conflicts, making their characters realistic and multifaceted.

Обучаем школьников анализу языковой личности персонажа: подготовка к итоговому сочинению по литературе

The article is devoted to the problem of preparing eleventh graders to write a final essay on literature. The focus is on the methodology of working on the topic “Language and linguistic personality”. In modern humanities, the term “linguistic personality” is studied by scientists from different angles: linguodidactic, linguoritorical, communicative, linguoculturological and linguocognitive approaches. A controversy arises around the methodology for analyzing the linguistic personality, both real (native speaker) and conventional (virtual) within the framework of a literary text, which determines the relevance of the study, the novelty of which lies in the development of an algorithm for analyzing the linguistic personality of a character in a literary text based on the material, adapted for schoolchildren story by A.P. Chekhov’s “Gooseberry”. The purpose of the article is to develop, based on the research of L.N. Churilina and Yu.N. Karaulov, a simplified algorithm for analyzing linguistic personality for schoolchildren, which can be used if you choose the appropriate topic when writing a final essay on literature as part of the Unified State Exam. The research is based on linguostylistic and comparative methods, as well as methods of citation and holistic analysis of a literary work. The subject of the study is the linguistic personality of the heroes of Chekhov’s story “Gooseberry”. Based on the analysis of the story, the author demonstrates the main aspects of revealing the linguistic personality of the characters: mental and speech activity determined by the worldview of the characters, their education and intellectual development, origin and social circle, the space-time continuum in which the text production of the characters is inscribed both in the mental (thought process, objectified by internal speech), and in real discourse (speaking) taking into account the addressee and the statements of others (dialogue, direct speech, improperly direct speech). The proposed work format develops students’ skills in analyzing the linguistic personality of a character and can be successfully used by philologist teachers in preparing for the final essay on literature at school.

The semantic potential of the concept "faith" in Maxim Gorky's novel "Foma Gordeev"

The purpose of the article is to identify the semantic potential of the concept "faith", to show its role in the disclosure of the ideological and philosophical layer of the story, in the system of characters. The subject of the research is the analysis of the functions of the concept "faith" and the ways of its actualization in the first major work of M. Gorky's novella "Thomas Gordeev". The main form of realization of the concept is the monologues of the heroes addressed to the main character in order to inspire their own idea of faith, as well as in his internal monologues and dialogues with opponents.The prospects for the study of the concept of "faith" are connected with the analysis of its functions in other genre forms created by the writer, which allows us to trace the evolution of the artist's worldview. The scientific novelty lies in the proof of the position that the concept of "faith" in the plot of the story expands the peripheral spectrum of meanings revealed in the process of educational monologues of characters addressed to the main character, his internal monologues and dialogues with opponents. The expansion of the peripheral zone of the concept occurs in its speech representation: the use of the concept under consideration by the actors allows us to judge the character of the hero, the moral atmosphere of the era.The result of the study showed that the use of typological, historical and functional methods, conceptual analysis allowed us to determine the associative space of actualization of semantic units characterizing the concept of "faith". The results obtained can be used in the course "History of Russian literature of the XX century", in special courses on Gorky's work.

КӨРКЕМ ШЫҒАРМАЛАРДАҒЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЗМНІҢ КӨРІНІСІ

The article discusses in detail the concept of "psychologism", which has not yet been fully studied in Kazakh literature. Psychologism is closely related to literature, because since the main object of a work of art is a person, it is obvious that human activity and psychology are also reflected in the work. Consequently, psychologism is the connecting link between literature and psychology. The article reveals the concept of psychologizm, its types, characteristic artistic and stylistic features, scienttifically systematized and analyzed on the basis of the works of scientists contributing to Razakh literary criticism. Based on the research works of Bakytzhan Maitanov "Kazakh novels and psychological analysis", "The spiritual world of Kaharman", Gulziya Prali "Problems of psychologism in fiction", aspects of psychologism in Kazakh prose are differentiated. Excerpts from the works of Mukhtar Auezov, Zhusupbek Aimautov, Magzhan Zhumabayev, Sherkhan Murtaza, Tolen Abdikov, Askar Altai are given, the ways of manifestation and transmission of psychology in a work of art are systematized. At the same time, using examples from specific works, the means of representing psychologism in a literary work are demonstrated, namely, the function of internal monologue and dialogue in revealing the charachter and mental state of the character. The proctssts of formation and development of literary psychologism are highlighted, its festhetic expression in a work of art is determined. The main features characteristic of psyhologichal prost are considered, and the issue of psyhological style in depictions of the hero's personality is also explored. The unique place of the dream motif, which takes its origins from folklore samples, in literary prose and the innovation of tradition is highlited. The issues of the flow of consciousness, psychological analysis, and split personality in a work of art are considered.

Representation of internal speech by single neurons in human supramarginal gyrus

Speech brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) translate brain signals into words or audio outputs, enabling communication for people having lost their speech abilities due to diseases or injury. While important advances in vocalized, attempted and mimed speech decoding have been achieved, results for internal speech decoding are sparse and have yet to achieve high functionality. Notably, it is still unclear from which brain areas internal speech can be decoded. Here two participants with tetraplegia with implanted microelectrode arrays located in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) performed internal and vocalized speech of six words and two pseudowords. In both participants, we found significant neural representation of internal and vocalized speech, at the single neuron and population level in the SMG. From recorded population activity in the SMG, the internally spoken and vocalized words were significantly decodable. In an offline analysis, we achieved average decoding accuracies of 55% and 24% for each participant, respectively (chance level 12.5%), and during an online internal speech BMI task, we averaged 79% and 23% accuracy, respectively. Evidence of shared neural representations between internal speech, word reading and vocalized speech processes was found in participant 1. SMG represented words as well as pseudowords, providing evidence for phonetic encoding. Furthermore, our decoder achieved high classification with multiple internal speech strategies (auditory imagination/visual imagination). Activity in S1 was modulated by vocalized but not internal speech in both participants, suggesting no articulator movements of the vocal tract occurred during internal speech production. This work represents a proof-of-concept for a high-performance internal speech BMI.

Brain-machine-interface device translates internal speech into text.

Brain-machine-interface device translates internal speech into text.

The British (and International?) Music Society: Australian Identity and Musical Internationalism in Interwar Sydney

Abstract In the aftermath of the First World War, Henri Verbrugghen founded the first Australian branch of the British Music Society. The BMS – a product of post-First World War cultural renewal – was established in London to ‘champion the cause of British composers at home and abroad’. In Sydney, these aspirations extended to promoting music from Australia, and through affiliation with the International Society for Contemporary Music, music of the rest of the world. This article explores the activities of the Sydney BMS, situating these within contemporary discourses of nationalism and internationalism in the construction of interwar Australian cultural identity. It argues that the sometimes conflicting aims of the society reflect a wider political and social ambivalence about Australia's place in the international landscape. While its primary goal was to champion local composers, this was held in uneasy balance with a desire to promote British music ‘proper’.

THE SPEECH PROCESS AND ITS NOMINATIVE ASPECTS

This article investigates with linguistic aspects of speech process and its nominative aspects, including all units of language and speech while taking into consideration of intersections. As their number of unlike viewpoints, the syntax of external speech is diverse from internal speech syntax, because the internal speech is for the speaker and external one is pointed at someone. Final outcomes and shortcoming of the research may lead to better investigation as whole.

The Construction of the Narrative Self: Applying the Internal Multi-Actor Performance Method for Children (IMAP-C) to Help Children Cope with Emotional Distress

Currently, young people are confronted with a rapidly changing world filled with uncertainty, which often triggers negative emotions such as fear or sadness, ultimately leading to emotional distress. This article demonstrates a method that structures practitioners’ work and helps young people to cope with emotional distress. Known as the dialogical Method of Internal Multi-Actor Performance (IMAP) (Gkantona, 2023), this method was founded on the Dialogical Self Theory (DST) and has been developed for therapeutic and counseling procedures. The IMAP is a narrative method which aims to analyze the client’s multi-voicedness and its methodology follows four evolving dialogical stages (Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis, and Meta-thesis), which facilitate the reorganization of clients’ internal narratives. Thus, the Internal Multi-Actor Performance Method for Children (IMAP-C) is presented, as modified to meet the needs of counseling and therapeutic procedures for children and adolescents experiencing emotional distress. Its adjustment to children’s needs focuses on developmental issues and the dialogical features of working with children as well as the use of art therapy techniques (i.e., role plays, drawings and therapeutic puppetry). A clinical case example illustrates the dialogical processes underlining the application of the IMAP-C in the treatment of a nine-year old boy who suffers from fears and post-traumatic stress. The child’s first attempts to form an integrated narrative identity are also highlighted.

Gender and Professional Title Use in Internal Medicine Resident Narrative Assessments.

Background: Residency is a time of personal and professional growth. Resident assessment and feedback are an integral part of that process. However, assessment may be influenced by various types of bias, including gender bias. Women are less likely than men to be identified by their professional titles in many settings. The use of professional titles for residents in written assessments is unknown and may be a marker of bias. Objective: To assess for differences and trends regarding the use of professional and personal titles in formal resident assessments related to gender-based resident-faculty pairs. Methods: Electronic assessments of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) internal medicine residents from the 2019-2020 academic year were used. Professional title use was analyzed, as it relates to resident-faculty gendered dyads, among other variables. The primary outcome of professional title usage was split into a binary variable by professional versus other titles and analyzed using logistic regression and random-effects model. Results: We analyzed 1,363 unique electronic assessments (37.8% from female faculty). Female residents were more likely to be addressed by a professional title than their male colleagues (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.4; p = 0.02). We found no difference in professional title usage based on resident-faculty gendered dyads. After adjusting for repeated faculty and resident encounters with random-effects model, secondary analysis found no significant difference in evaluation of word count between gendered dyads. Conclusions: The analysis found no significant difference in professional title usage based on resident-faculty dyads. In our analysis, female residents were significantly more likely to have their professional title used on assessments than male residents.

Adults diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and their relationship with their body: A study on the supportive role of yoga using interpretative phenomenological analysis

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and perceptions of adults diagnosed with gynecologic cancer on their body, and the role of yoga in shaping these aspects. A phenomenological research design was used. Fifteen women (Mage=50.1 ± 13.5 years, range=28–66) who practice yoga at least once/week completed a sociodemographic survey online, two semi-structured interviews, and a 30-day journal online. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants’ responses and the authors’ interpretations were summarized into four main superordinate themes: (1) internal monologue of the changed body, (2) balancing act between acceptance and improvement, (3) value of taking time to prioritize oneself by practicing yoga, and (4) transformative catalysts of expectation and mindset on body-related self-perceptions after yoga. Body functionality and appearance, and their sexual health were often deeply interconnected, and impacted participants’ self-perceptions and behaviours. Yoga was a vehicle for growth and acceptance; however, participants’ expectations and mindsets before and during yoga could lead to negative self-perceptions after yoga. The findings underscore the importance of integrating yoga – a holistic practice – into survivorship care programs, while emphasizing the need to address expectations and attitudes that could hinder positive outcomes.

Qatari student writers’ metalinguistic understanding of transitions in L2 English written argument

Research in metadiscourse has foregrounded the multiple ways in which writers build a relationship with readers through internal discourse. Yet, few studies consider the relationship between the texts writers create and the metalinguistic thinking which informs their decision-making as writers. This paper draws on data from a larger study which sought to address this gap by investigating both the occurrence of metadiscourse in students’ writing and their metalinguistic understanding of metadiscourse usage in their own texts. The sample comprised 195 students who wrote argument texts in both L1 Arabic (first language) and L2 English (second language), generating a corpus of 390 texts. Interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 41 students to determine their metalinguistic thinking. In this paper we focus on transitions – the internal devices which mark the steps and connections in the discourse. The analysis evidences a limited metalinguistic understanding of the metadiscoursal function of transitions but a strong understanding of the linking function of transitions. This understanding tends to foreground transitions’ textual rather than interpersonal role, emphasising the semantic and ideational. The paper argues that developing students’ metalinguistic understanding of this interpersonal role would empower them to make more strategic, informed use of transitions in their own writing.

Inner Voice in Silent Reading and Speaking

Current research reveals that individuals use two languages: external language and internal language. The external language is a loud, noisy language that everyone can hear. The internal language is a silent, mysterious, personal language that merely the individual hears. This phenomenon, called inner language, inner voice or inner speech, is a mental activity seen in most people. This activity plays important roles in language and cognitive processes, helps the processes such as reading, writing, understanding, questioning, learning, thinking, controlling emotions, motivation, and so on. The inner voice emerges during silent reading and contributes significantly to understanding words, sentences, and text. Expert readers read and understand the words by hearing the small inner sound of the words in their brain. Controversy, internal speech is when an individual talks silently to himself. Inner speech is referred when planning daily tasks, making decisions, solving problems, and leading social and emotional issues. Nonetheless, research on the inner voice and inner speech, which are effective in the development of the individual, is yet insufficient. There is a need for clearer and more comprehensive research on the role and function of inner speech in processes such as reading, speaking, understanding, and thinking. It is recommended that this phenomenon, which exists in every individual, be handled scientifically and used to develop language and cognitive skills.

Intelligence and operational warning: lessons from Ukraine

ABSTRACT This paper examines the challenges of operational analysis as displayed in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Despite the tremendous success of strategic warning, analysts grossly over-estimated conventional Russian military capabilities and under-estimated the Ukrainians’ capability and will. Even after observing Russia’s operational capabilities and tactics, analysts again over-estimated Russia’s ability to secure Eastern Ukraine. This study finds that poor understanding of military campaigns is the result of six contributing factors. One, risk management requires tradeoffs based on competing priorities and finite resources inevitably creating blind spots. Two, there can be insufficient collection for operational details due to a focus on strategic requirements or tactical intelligence. Three, an insufficient number of analysts required to cover a breadth of topics leaving them susceptible to challenges like mirror-imaging or single source bias, culminates in poor analysis. Four, Russian and Western external and internal strategic narratives were filled with deception. Fifth, despite ‘need to share’ policies, information stovepipes continue to plague Western intelligence agencies. Finally, a lack of professional wargaming can lead to an analysis-centric view that ignores the valuable expertise of operators and logisticians. Each of these factors contributed to analysts’ poor understanding of the operational level of war in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.