Internal Lines Research Articles

Triangle mechanism in τ → f1(1285)πντ decay

We show that the τ− decay into f1(1285)π−ντ is dominated by a triangle loop mechanism with K⁎, K¯⁎ and K (or K¯) as internal lines, which manifests a strong enhancement reminiscent of a nearby singularity present in the narrow K⁎ limit and the near K¯⁎K⁎ threshold of the internal K⁎ propagators. The f1(1285) is then produced by its coupling to the K⁎K¯ and K¯⁎K which is obtained from a previous model where this resonance was dynamically generated as a molecular K⁎K¯ (or K¯⁎K) state using the techniques of the chiral unitary approach. We make predictions for the f1π mass distribution which significantly deviates from the phase-space shape, due to the distortion caused by the triangle mechanism and the K⁎K¯ threshold. We find a good agreement with the experimental value within uncertainties for the integrated partial decay width, which is a clear indication of the importance of the triangle mechanism in this decay and supports the dynamical origin of the f1(1285) as a K⁎K¯ and K¯⁎K molecular state.

Transient current similarity based protection for wind farm transmission lines

Large-scale wind farms are usually integrated into the transmission system. Applying traditional steady-state power-frequency based protection strategies in these transmission lines creates challenges such as: (1) the fault current of the wind farm might be dominated by non-power-frequency components caused by the activation of their own protection systems during fault ride through (FRT). The frequency of the dominant component is determined by the rotor speed at the fault inception and might vary from 0.7 to 1.3 times the power frequency. This will create errors in phasors calculated at the power-frequency. (2) The steady-state fault current angles of wind farms are fully controlled by their power converters. The variety of control actions of the different converters during FRT makes these phase angles greatly deviate from those of the synchronous generators. Protection systems that use double-ended phasors such as current differential schemes will suffer from low sensitivity or even malfunction when large-scale wind farms are integrated. Therefore, a novel full-time transient current waveform similarity based protection scheme is proposed to deal with these issues. The full-time current protection scheme uses both the power-frequency and non-power-frequency characteristics and can therefore reduce the influence of power-frequency phasor calculation errors to a minimum. The proposed method uses the transient current (within 10 ms after the fault inception) and is ignores the features of the steady-state fault current. In other words, the proposed protection is suitable for wind farms with a variety of controls. In the proposed method, the correlation coefficient index is used to calculate the similarity of the transient current signals at both ends of the line. Both experimental and field testing results show that using a common sampling frequency, the proposed protection scheme only uses current information and can correctly identify all types of external and internal line faults in a short period of time and can offer better performance for high fault resistance and noise, both for different types of wind farms. All these features and contributions make the new protection feasible for industry application.

Lemierre’s syndrome: cavitary lung disease caused by uncommon bacteria

A 32-year-old Asian man with a history of gastritis presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain, fever, cough and dyspnoea, one episode of haemoptysis. He also reported a sore...

AN UNEXPECTED FINDING BEFORE CENTRAL LINE PLACEMENT

We present an unexpected finding when preparing for a right internal jugular venous line placement. A 77 year old female admitted for sepsis was transferred to intensive care unit for circulatory shock. Soon she had a PEA arrest requiring 11 minutes of CPR. 2D echocardiogram showed large

Analysis of the stability control of the car with the admission to the infrastructure

The rolling stock and the railway track are a single stant tendency of the development of rail transport in relation to mechanical system. The running parts of the rolling stock and the the interaction of the power wheel-to-rail friction pair consists in track are interacting under difficult dynamic conditions. The con-increasing the axle load on the rails for freight rolling stock and further increasing the speed of the passenger trains. It takes a qualified approach to traffic safety issues and special attention to the stability of rolling stock to achieve these goals. An analysis of the stability control of the car with an admission to the infrastructure was carried out based on the regulatory documents that establish the main provisions and procedures for the operation of railways and railway workers. Authors proposed the elimination of existing shortcomings and ensuring the stability of the carriage motion by optimizing parameters of the placement of goods in the car. Calculations were made on the rollover stability conditions (stability loss) of the body and the criterion of the critical speed at which the carriage derailed due to the loss of contact of the wheels with the internal rail line of the curve. A method for controlling the stability of a car with a load by means of two-position weighing is proposed. The results obtained also make it possible to determine the height of the common center of gravity (CG), the magnitude of the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the center of gravity of the freight.

BSH Guideline: management of thrombotic and haemostatic issues in paediatric malignancy.

BSH Guideline: management of thrombotic and haemostatic issues in paediatric malignancy.

Bridging the divide between parent states and secessionist entities: a new perspective for conflict management?

ABSTRACTThis paper departs from the contested nature of the border that separates each side in secessionist conflict – the parent state considers this as an internal administrative line; the de facto state, conversely, sees this as an international border. The argument made builds upon the theoretical aspects of the bordering practices in the current literature, and then examines three cross-border cases – Mainland China-Taiwan, Cyprus-Northern Cyprus and Moldova-Transnistria, to demonstrate different patterns of cross-border interactions and their achieved outcomes. It questions why border-crossing practices have either brought about normalization in degrees, or with a questionable value? This paper makes the conclusion that although border-crossing practices have normalized relations between adversaries, they have also simultaneously brought along self-perpetuating separation as most of the divisions still persist today. Redefining borders and facilitating cross-border interactions has only had a limited contribution to conflict management.

Crystallization and Disturbance Histories of Single Zircon Crystals From Hadean‐Eoarchean Acasta Gneisses Examined by LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb Traverses

AbstractZircon U‐Pb geochronology is a very robust dating method but the accuracy of determined ages can sometimes be compromised. This is because, as commonly observed, the U‐Pb isotope system can be reopened during the post‐crystallization evolution of a zircon. The present manuscript investigates the capability of traverses by LA‐ICP‐MS to identify zones of well‐preserved U‐Pb isotope systematics within zircon crystals. The data for the different zones can be used to construct internal Discordia lines that provide age information about crystallization and metamorphism of single zircon crystals. To test our approach, we analyzed zircons from three ca. 3.96 Ga Acasta gneisses. Results demonstrate that such a method allows retrieval of original crystallization age in most of the studied zircons, even in those that experienced ancient U‐Pb disturbances resulting in discordant U‐Pb data. It was also possible to estimate disturbance ages, though not as precisely as for the igneous crystallization, in many of the studied crystals.

Vibration characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite rectangular plates on Pasternak foundation with arbitrary boundary conditions and internal line supports

Abstract This paper presents the first known vibration characteristics of moderately thick functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite rectangular plates on Pasternak foundation with arbitrary boundary conditions and internal line supports on the basis of the firstorder shear deformation theory. Different distributions of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) along the thickness are considered. Uniform and other three kinds of functionally graded distributions of carbon nanotubes along the thickness direction of plates are studied. The solutions carried out using an enhanced Ritz method mainly include the following three points: Firstly, create the Lagrange energy function by the energy principle; Secondly, as the main innovation point, the modified Fourier series are chosen as the basic functions of the admissible functions of the plates to eliminate all the relevant discontinuities of the displacements and their derivatives at the edges; Lastly, solve the natural frequencies as well as the associated mode shapes by means of the Ritz-variational energy method. In this study, the influences of the volume fraction of CNTs, distribution type of CNTs, boundary restrain parameters, location of the internal line supports, foundation coefficients on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the FG-CNT reinforced composite rectangular plates are presented.

Effect of sand particles on the Erosion-corrosion for a different locations of carbon steel pipe elbow

Erosion combined with corrosion becomes the most problem in the seawater desalination plant due to the fast deterioration of the internal line pipe. Corrosion products were characterized for surface morphology, phase composition and element concentration. In this paper, the prediction of erosion of solid particles in geometry of the elbow is performed by means of a numerical simulation. Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with FLUENT software are performed to study erosion prediction in 3-D, 90∘ elbow for phase (liquid and solid particles), For a range of particle sizes from 2 mm, 0.4mm and 4µm for different valve opening angles in order to obtain the real tool failure reasons of erosion. The obtained conclusion by analyzing the reasons, applies in the middle make downhole tools to control and prevent erosion failure phenomenon.

Numerical integration and extrapolation for finite and UV-divergent 3-loop Feynman integrals

Automatic numerical integration attempts to alleviate the detailed application of solution methods to the problem. We use automatic multivariate integration with PARINT combined with numerical extrapolation for classes of 3-loop UV-divergent self-energy diagrams with massive internal lines, and finite or UV-divergent massless vertex diagrams. The extrapolation is performed with respect to the dimensional regularization parameter. It is shown that the PARINT software handles the integrations accurately and efficiently.

Loop expansion around the Bethe approximation through the M-layer construction

For every physical model defined on a generic graph or factor graph, the Bethe M-layer construction allows building a different model for which the Bethe approximation is exact in the large M limit, and coincides with the original model for . The perturbative series is then expressed by a diagrammatic loop expansion in terms of so-called fat diagrams. Our motivation is to study some important second-order phase transitions that do exist on the Bethe lattice, but are either qualitatively different or absent in the corresponding fully connected case. In this case, the standard approach based on a perturbative expansion around the naive mean field theory (essentially a fully connected model) fails.On physical grounds, we expect that when the construction is applied to a lattice in finite dimension there is a small region of the external parameters, close to the Bethe critical point, where strong deviations from mean-field behavior will be observed. In this region, the expansion for the corrections diverges, and can be the starting point for determining the correct non-mean-field critical exponents using renormalization group arguments. In the end, we will show that the critical series for the generic observable can be expressed as a sum of Feynman diagrams with the same numerical prefactors of field theories. However, the contribution of a given diagram is not evaluated by associating Gaussian propagators to its lines, as in field theories: one has to consider the graph as a portion of the original lattice, replacing the internal lines with appropriate one-dimensional chains, and attaching to the internal points the appropriate number of infinite-size Bethe trees to restore the correct local connectivity of the original model.The actual contribution of each (fat) diagram is the so-called line-connected observable, which also includes contributions from sub-diagrams with appropriate prefactors. In order to compute the corrections near to the critical point, Feynman diagrams (with their symmetry factors) can be read directly from the appropriate field-theoretical literature; the computation of momentum integrals is also quite similar; the extra work consists of computing the line-connected observable of the associated fat diagram in the limit of all lines becoming infinitely long.

A Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) Quantitative Analysis Method Based on the Auto-Selection of an Internal Reference Line and Optimized Estimation of Plasma Temperature.

The quantitative analysis accuracy of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) is severely affected by the self-absorption effect and estimation of plasma temperature. Herein, a CF-LIBS quantitative analysis method based on the auto-selection of internal reference line and the optimized estimation of plasma temperature is proposed. The internal reference line of each species is automatically selected from analytical lines by a programmable procedure through easily accessible parameters. Furthermore, the self-absorption effect of the internal reference line is considered during the correction procedure. To improve the analysis accuracy of CF-LIBS, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to estimate the plasma temperature based on the calculation results from the Boltzmann plot. Thereafter, the species concentrations of a sample can be calculated according to the classical CF-LIBS method. A total of 15 certified alloy steel standard samples of known compositions and elemental weight percentages were used in the experiment. Using the proposed method, the average relative errors of Cr, Ni, and Fe calculated concentrations were 4.40%, 6.81%, and 2.29%, respectively. The quantitative results demonstrated an improvement compared with the classical CF-LIBS method and the promising potential of in situ and real-time application.

160 Validation of a Procedural Checklist for Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Central Lines for Ongoing Evaluation of Attending Emergency Physicians

Practicing physicians have been required by the Joint Commission to demonstrate procedural competence on an ongoing basis as part of the Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluation (OPPE) since 2009. Checklist tools have been developed for procedural training and initial demonstration of competence or mastery in emergency medicine, but these have been developed for and studied in resident physicians. Selecting a single tool for ongoing assessment of attending emergency physician competence presents unique challenges in that physicians may develop variations in practice patterns or changes in procedural technique that while still safe for patients may deviate from the selected evaluation tool. The authors sought to determine the reliability of a central line checklist in assessing attending physician skill. Study participants were practicing emergency medicine attending physicians. Twenty-three of thirty eligible physicians consented to take part in the study. A simulated scenario was developed to assess skill in placing triple lumen central line catheters. An emergency physician simulation expert rater utilized a checklist previously developed using the Delphi method and validated in emergency medicine resident physicians. The rater also completed an adapted global rating score (ranking 1-5) comprised of six items regarding procedural proficiency and an overall procedural score. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to compare checklist completion to overall global rating score for each participant. Participants correctly completed an average of 26 (87%) out of 30 (SD 2.65) items on the checklist. The average global rating score for all participants was 4.33, SD 0.90. The correlation between these items and global rating scores was 0.71 (p<0.01) (figure 1). Based on regression analysis, for every 1 additional item completed on the central line checklist there was 0.24 increase in the overall global rating scores. When applied in the evaluation of attending physicians, the checklist and global rating scale are highly correlated. This suggests that the checklist may be a reasonable measure of ongoing physician procedural skill that objectively correlates with the subjective impression of the expert rater. Such evaluations are useful in an environment where the ability for objective continuing assessment is increasingly valued.

Analysis of Internal Cullet Line Operation in Sheet Glass Production

The operation of internal cullet lines in the production of sheet glass is analyzed. Different variants of the arrangements of technological equipment used for transporting and crushing cullet are presented, and some technical solutions for storing and batching cullet are given. Measures to increase the dust-catching efficiency in crushing sheet glass wastes are determined.

Topic Detection Based on Weak Tie Analysis: A Case Study of LIS Research

Abstract Purpose Based on the weak tie theory, this paper proposes a series of connection indicators of weak tie subnets and weak tie nodes to detect research topics, recognize their connections, and understand their evolution. Design/methodology/approach First, keywords are extracted from article titles and preprocessed. Second, high-frequency keywords are selected to generate weak tie co-occurrence networks. By removing the internal lines of clustered sub-topic networks, we focus on the analysis of weak tie subnets’ composition and functions and the weak tie nodes’ roles. Findings The research topics’ clusters and themes changed yearly; the subnets clustered with technique-related and methodology-related topics have been the core, important subnets for years; while close subnets are highly independent, research topics are generally concentrated and most topics are application-related; the roles and functions of nodes and weak ties are diversified. Research limitations The parameter values are somewhat inconsistent; the weak tie subnets and nodes are classified based on empirical observations, and the conclusions are not verified or compared to other methods. Practical implications The research is valuable for detecting important research topics as well as their roles, interrelations, and evolution trends. Originality/value To contribute to the strength of weak tie theory, the research translates weak and strong ties concepts to co-occurrence strength, and analyzes weak ties’ functions. Also, the research proposes a quantitative method to classify and measure the topics’ clusters and nodes.

Anatomic variations of neck vessels and the course of pediatric internal jugular veins

Landmark-guided internal jugular vein cannulation is difficult for pediatric patients but useful, especially when ultrasound equipment is unavailable. Therefore, it is important to define the adjacent anatomic characteristics of the pediatric internal jugular vein. In 210 children the course of the internal jugular vein, and common carotid and vertebral arteries was measured from the level of the cricoid cartilage to the supraclavicular area using ultrasound. From the level of the cricoid cartilage to the supraclavicular area, vessel diameter increased with internal jugular vein increasing by 12%, and common carotid and vertebral arteries increasing by 5% each. From the level of the cricoid cartilage to the supraclavicular area, the number of patients with a medial common carotid artery position relative to the internal jugular vein increased, whereas those with a lateral position decreased; the number of patients with nonoverlapped common carotid artery-internal jugular vein increased, and those with totally overlapped decreased. In contrast, the overlapping status of vertebral artery-internal jugular vein changes oppositely. More than 97.14% of the vertebral artery lies lateral to the internal jugular vein at these levels. The minimal vertebral artery-internal jugular vein depth decreased from 0.46±0.20 to 0.37±0.19 cm. The angle from the internal jugular vein line to the horizontal line of the body was 83.35±9.04 degrees. The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein are farther apart as one moves down the neck, whereas the vertebral artery and internal jugular vein are getting together. Additionally, the diameter of the internal jugular vein increased.

Identification of vulnerable lines in power grids with wind power integration based on a weighted entropy analysis method

Vulnerable overhead electricity lines are a cause of serious risk to power distribution grids as damage can be the cause of large scale blackouts and cascading failures. With the integration of large scale wind power into generating capacity, both the topology structure and the distribution characteristics of power flow in distribution grid have undergone various changes that have increased line vulnerability. A novel approach to identify vulnerable lines based on the weighted entropy analysis method is proposed in this paper. In this approach, an assessment index, named the incremental power flow entropy, is first developed, which is used to describe influences caused by variation of the lines' capability of carrying power flow transfers on the vulnerability of the lines themselves at the same aggregation level. A second assessment index, named structural importance, describes the structural changes of a power grid that are caused by the integration of wind-generated electric power. The two assessment indices then are merged into one index by using the entropy weight analysis method, which can assess the vulnerability of the lines from the two aspects of power flow transmission and structural links. Vulnerability analysis under different situations, such as with and without the integration of the wind farm, and sharp fluctuations in wind speed at the wind farm, were carried out on an IEEE 39-bus system integrated with a 75 MW wind farm. Simulation results verified that the proposed assessment index not only can identify the vulnerable lines in a power grid with wind farm integration but also accurately reflected the vulnerability of the internal lines of the wind farm itself.

Role of a triangle singularity in the πΔ decay of N(1700)(3/2−)

We show the important role played by the $\pi\Delta(1232)$ channel in the build up of the $N(1700)(3/2^-)$ resonance due to the non-trivial enhancement produced by a singularity of a triangular loop. The $N(1700)$ is one of the dynamically generated resonances produced by the coupled channel vector-baryon interaction. The $\pi\Delta$ channel was neglected in previous works but we show that it has to be incorporated into the coupled channel formalism due to an enhancement produced by a singularity in the triangular loop with $\rho$, nucleon and $\pi$ as internal loop lines and $\pi$ and $\Delta$ as external ones. The enhancement is of non-resonant origin but it contributes to the dynamical generation of the $N(1700)$ resonance due to the non-linear dynamics involved in the coupled channel mechanisms. We obtain an important increase of the total width of the $N(1700)$ resonance when the $\pi\Delta$ channel is included and provide predictions for the partial widths of the $N(1700)$ decays into $VB$ and $\pi\Delta$.

Influence of Antisymmetrical Actions at Reinforced Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridge

Calculation of the cross-sectional properties of the concrete box-girder with two-cells using Vlasov`s theory and Generalized Beam Theory. Calculation of the internal forces of the St. Venant torsion, the warping torsion, the antisymmetrical and the symmetrical distortion on the basis analogy with beam on the elastic foundation loaded by transverse actions and tension force at the end of the beam. Creating of influence lines of torsion, antisymmetrical distortion and symmetrical distortion internal forces of large concrete cable-stayed bridge with continuous box-girders with two spans. The application for real reinforced concrete Harp bridge over pond Jordán near Tábor in Czech Republic is investigated. Evaluation of internal lines for action according to Eurocode EN 1991-2.