Internal Landscape Research Articles

АБСТРАКТНАЯ МАШИНА ИСКУССТВА ХУДОЖНИКОВ «КРУГА ГЛАЗГО»

This article attempts to analyze and interpret the art of the artists of the “Glasgow circle” of the early 21st century in order to determine its unique features and originality. The philosophy of Gilles Deleuze, as interpreted by such authors as Simon O'Sullivan, Stefan Zepke and Manuel Delanda, was chosen as a possible theoretical framework. The first part of the article is devoted to introducing basic concepts and defining the key stages of our research. The main part of the article presents a general analysis of the works of artists of the “Glasgow circle”, identifies the main type of segmentation of matter in their works, and also examines the space they create. In the final part of the article we explore a number of territorial motifs in the work of specific artists from the Glasgow circle, such as Martin Boyce, Clare Barclay and Carla Black. This analysis allows us to see exactly how the abstract art machine of these artists works and how the effect of “mysterious sadness” and melancholy that their installations produce on the viewer is created. As a conclusion, we define the abstract machine of the art of these artists as a “internal landscape.”

The Racial Melancholia of Un-grieved Endings: A Felt Understanding of Teachers of Color Who Leave the Classroom

Educational researchers are quick to intellectualize solutions to teacher attrition without feeling what is in front of us and within us: overwhelming, unmetabolized grief. Blending online ethnography with somatic and critical understandings of grief and trauma, this study seeks to understand teacher attrition as a felt sense of loss. Focusing on the stories of four teachers of color, I use the concept of racial melancholia to describe a liminal stage of grief and a distinct form of racialized trauma, as participants wrestle with their internal landscapes, administrative responses to their departure, and decisions to bid farewell, or not, to their students. I conclude with ways for educators, researchers, and leaders to affirm the grief of teachers of color and speculate how doing so can disrupt teacher attrition and compounded racialized grief in schools.

Cooling island effect in urban parks from the perspective of internal park landscape

Urban parks can effectively reduce surface temperatures, which is an important strategic approach to reducing the urban heat island effect. Quantifying the cooling effect of urban parks and identifying their main internal influencing factors is important for improving the urban thermal environment, achieving maximum cooling benefits, and improving urban sustainability. In this study, we extracted data frobut this is often unrealisticm 28 urban parks in Zhengzhou, China. We combined multivariate data, such as Landsat 8 data, to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST), extract the park interior landscape, and quantify the cooling effect using three cooling indices: park cooling distance (L∆max), temperature difference magnitude (∆Tmax), and temperature gradient (Gtemp). Furthermore, the relationship between the internal landscape characteristics of the park and the average LST and cooling indices of the park was analyzed. The results showed that different buffer ranges affect the LST-distance fitting results of urban parks, and a 300-m buffer zone is the optimal fitting interval. However, specific parks should be analyzed to select the optimal buffer range and reduce the cooling index calculation errors. Additionally, the mean values of LST, ∆Tmax, L∆max, and Gtemp for the 28 parks in Zhengzhou were 34.11, 3.22 °C, 194.02 m, and 1.78 °C/hm, respectively. Park perimeter (PP), park area, internal green area (GA), and landscape shape index (LSI) were both significantly correlated with ∆Tmax and the main factors associated with maintaining a low LST in parks. L∆max was mainly affected by the GA, LSI, and perimeter-area ratio, whereas Gtemp was positively correlated with PP. Finally, the threshold value of efficiency for parks in Zhengzhou was 0.83 ha, and comprehensive parks showed optimal cooling in every aspect.

Optimizing Landscape Structure of Hybrid Land Use in Ecological Corridors Based on Comprehensive Benefit Index in Metropolitan Area

As an inherent part of the landscape ecological network (LEN), the ecological corridor is the bridge between ecological sources and also the key to ensuring urban ecological security. Existing studies on ecological corridors mostly stay in the large scale of landscape patterns and lack guidance for corridor structure design or optimization at the land use level. To provide a reference for the internal landscape structure adjustment of the ecological corridor composed of hybrid land use in the rapidly urbanized areas, first, we constructed the “Comprehensive benefit index of ecological corridors I” by using the three indexes of “Ecological benefit enhancement potential”, “Economic input cost” and “Social coordination cost”. Second, with the goal of maximizing the comprehensive benefits of the three aspects of ecological corridor construction, we established a functional relationship between the converted agricultural land area A, constructed land area C, and index I to determine the optimal proportion of agricultural lands and constructed lands converted into ecological lands within the planning scope of the ecological corridors. The results show that (1) according to the conversion ratio, the ecological corridors in the study area can be divided into three degrees of conversion rate: low, moderate, and high. (2) Among the 66 ecological corridors, the agricultural lands in 26 ecological corridors and the constructed lands in 35 ecological corridors need to be converted into ecological land at a high ratio to ensure the comprehensive benefits of the corresponding corridors. We also put forward suggestions for landscape structure adjustment and optimization for ecological corridors with different conversion degrees. This method can help balance the benefits of different stakeholders in the city and implement the results of ecological corridor planning on a large spatial and temporal scale at the land use level.

Inward VR: Toward a Qualitative Method for Investigating Interoceptive Awareness in VR.

Immersive virtual reality (VR) technologies can produce powerful illusions of being in another place or inhabiting another body, and theories of presence and embodiment provide valuable guidance to designers of VR applications that use these illusions to "take us elsewhere." However, an increasingly common design goal for VR experiences is to develop a deeper awareness of the internal landscape of one's own body (i.e., interoceptive awareness); here, design guidelines and evaluative techniques are less clear. To address this, we present a methodology, including a reusable codebook, for adapting the five dimensions of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) conceptual framework to explore interoceptive awareness in VR experiences via qualitative interviews. We report results from a first exploratory study (n=21) applying this method to understand the interoceptive experiences of users in a VR environment. The environment includes a guided body scan exercise with a motion-tracked avatar visible in a virtual mirror and an interactive visualization of a biometric signal detected via a heartbeat sensor. The results provide new insights on how this example VR experience might be refined to better support interoceptive awareness and how the methodology might continue to be refined for understanding other "inward-facing" VR experiences.

Factors Affecting the High-Intensity Cooling Distance of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Xi’an, China

Urban green space has a cooling effect and its cooling effect can extend to the surrounding environment, conspicuously decreasing with distance. Land surface temperature (LST) and cooling distance are generally researched based on remote sensing and temperature inversion algorithms; this distance is affected by internal and external environment factors, but the high-intensity cooling distance (HCD) is overlooked by using large scale datasets. In addition, the comprehensive relationship between internal and external factors with cooling distance and HCD is still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the HCD of green spaces by monitoring the changes of LST away from it and to quantify the influences of 12 internal and external factors on HCD. A multiple linear regression model is used to analyze the relationship between them. In the summer of 2022, we measured and calculated HCD for 59 urban green spaces in Xi’an, China. The analysis results show that the HCD is not only affected by the internal landscape factors of green spaces, but also closely related to factors associated with the natural environmental, urban attributes, and surrounding structures. These findings can rationally assist the planning of the allocation of urban green spaces and provide a scientific basis for mitigating the urban heat island effect.

Effects of the spatial patterns of urban parks on public satisfaction: evidence from Shanghai, China.

Urban parks need to meet the growing demand for activities vital to residents' well-being and urban development. A holistic understanding of public satisfaction with urban parks is a prerequisite for improving management. The spatial patterns and composition of urban parks vary greatly, and the objective of this study is to comprehensively investigate public satisfaction with urban parks and the impact of their structure. With the metropolis of Shanghai, China, as an example, we employed 111,814 social media data sets for 50 urban park sites to quantify public satisfaction via the long short-term memory model. We analyzed the internal, boundary and external dimensions of spatial patterns and described the internal landscape patterns from the perspectives of size, heterogeneity, aggregation, shape, diversity and landscape elements. Moreover, we used all-subset regression and hierarchical partitioning to quantify the relationship and mechanism of action between spatial patterns and public satisfaction. The results indicate that the mean value of public satisfaction with urban parks was 0.716 (ranging from 0 to 1), which is generally positive or neutral. Satisfaction was influenced by the internal, boundary, and external spatial patterns of urban parks. The independent contribution rates of external transportation facility density (51.49%) and internal edge density (48.51%) to satisfaction. We highlight the roles of spatial patterns, especially the degree of external transportation convenience and the edge density of urban parks at the landscape level. The findings provide guidance and recommendations for the planning and design of public satisfaction-oriented urban parks. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-023-01615-z.

노인 치매와 가족 돌봄

This paper examines Christopher Hampton’s 2014 translation of Florian Zeller's 2012 play, The Father, and its 2020 film adaption. Both portray the loss of patriarchal authority and reversion to childhood from the perspective of the title character. The play uses episodic short scenes in a minimalist setting, whereas the film, with its screenplay by Hampton and Zeller, focuses on the protagonist’s claustrophobic inner vulnerability and the frustrations of his care-givers. Rather than opening out the mise-en-scène, the film adaptation maximizes the internal landscape, with its fear of senility and loss of identity, as experienced by an elderly dementia patient. This paper argues that the ‘insider’ portrayal of dementia in the play and the film promotes awareness-raising, encouraging audiences to engage with the representation of urgent social issues, and with mental health in particular.

Identifying priority areas for conservation in the lower Yellow River basin from an ecological network perspective

ABSTRACT Taking the lower Yellow River basin as the study area, this study aims to construct ecological networks to mitigate the negative impacts of rapid urbanization on the ecosystem. Ecological sources were identified based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), habitat quality and landscape connectivity. The ecological resistance surface was constructed and corrected by integrating natural and anthropogenic factors. The spatial range of ecological corridors and some of their key nodes were identified based on circuit theory. The ecological network (EN) was finally optimized using a similarity search and cost connectivity modules. The results show that the optimized ecological network structure is more stable than before. The EN includes 23 ecological sources with a total area of 5464.8 km2 and 30 ecological corridor clusters with a total area of 2205.92 km2. Through the internal landscape heterogeneity of the corridor, 28 ecological node areas and 75 barrier areas were identified as key protection and restoration areas, with a total area of 78.44 km2 and 372.79 km2, respectively. Through the construction and optimization of EN, this study identifies key areas for promoting ecological sustainability and provides a useful framework for coordinating regional ecological conservation and economic development.

Self-Reported Body Awareness: Validation of the Postural Awareness Scale and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (Version 2) in a Non-clinical Adult French-Speaking Sample.

Body awareness refers to the individual ability to process signals originating from within the body, which provide a mapping of the body’s internal landscape (interoception) and its relation with space and movement (proprioception). The present study aims to evaluate psychometric properties and validate in French two self-report measures of body awareness: the Postural Awareness Scale (PAS), and the last version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire (version 2, MAIA-2). We collected data in a non-clinical, adult sample (N = 308; 61% women, mean age 35 ± 12 years) using online survey, and a subset of the original sample (n = 122; 62% women, mean age 44 ± 11 years) also completed the retest control. Factor analyses and reliability analyses were conducted. Construct validity of the PAS and the MAIA-2 were examined by testing their association with each other, and with self-report measures of personality (Big Five Inventory), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and dispositional trait mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory). Factor analyses of the PAS supported the same two-factor structure as previously published versions (in other languages). For the MAIA-2, factor analyses suggested that a six-factor structure, excluding Not-Worrying and Not-Distracting factors, could successfully account for a common general factor of self-reported interoception. We found satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and reliability over time for both the PAS and the MAIA-2. Altogether, our findings suggest that the French version of the PAS and the MAIA-2 are reliable self-report tools to assess both components of body awareness (proprioception and interoception dimension, respectively).

Ecological Importance Evaluation of the Changzhutan Ecological Green Heart

The ecological source area is the basis of regional ecological security, clearing the important performance of the ecological source area in the region to provide targeted measures for ecological construction. Taking the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan ecological green core as an example, the ecological importance evaluation system was constructed from five aspects of spatial location, scale advantage, spatial layout, spatial connection, and ecological composition. For the spatial structure based on ecological networks, the ecological importance evaluation was carried out, and the ecological function was defined. It can provide a reference for the protection and construction of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan ecological green core. The results show the following: (1) The research method of inferring the ecological functions of ecological source sites based on the spatial characteristics of ecological networks and then completing the evaluation of ecological importance is feasible and effective, reflecting the macroecological functions played by ecological source sites in regional ecosystems and providing ideas for exploring the multiple ecological functions of ecological source sites from a combination of macro and micro perspectives. (2) The ecological importance of the Changzhutan Ecological Green Center is much higher than other ecological sources in Changzhutan Urban Cluster, and its main ecological function is the spatial structure strengthening function, followed by the spatial connection function, and the ecological service function is lower. The internal landscape pattern of interlocking arable land and woodland, with arable land blocking the ecological landscape, requires landscape pattern optimization. (3) The ecological green heart of Changzhutan is close to the regional mass center, and the ecological service area accounts for 14.57% of the area of Changzhutan urban agglomeration, which is connected to 55% of the ecological sources through ecological corridors, is the core hub connecting the north-south ecosystem of Changzhutan urban agglomeration, and is in a dominant position in the regional ecosystem. In the absence of the Changzhutan ecological green heart, the patch density, average proximity, cohesion, and aggregation all drop to the lowest, connectivity drops to the second lowest, and subdimensionality reaches the highest, highlighting the significance of the Changzhutan ecological green heart to maintain the ecological green volume of the Changzhutan urban cluster, enhance the overall ecosystem connectivity, and reduce landscape fragmentation. (4) There are five important ecological connection points between the Changzhutan Ecological Green Center and external ecosystem, which need to take different measures to strengthen ecological protection and construction.

On the Development of the Scientific Base of Quantum Technologies

The purpose of the article is to study the development of research in the field of quantum technologies, based on a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in databases from the Web of Science Core Collection from 1990 to 2020. The global output of publications, the productivity of individual countries and organizations, indicators of international scientific cooperation are considered. The characteristic features of world studies in the field are revealed: a high concentration in the group of leaders, a noticeable participation of corporations and military scientific structures, and growing international cooperation. Considerable attention is paid to the positions of Russia, which towards the end of the period returned to the top ten countries in terms of productivity. The Russian Academy of Sciences is the sixth among the world scientific organizations in the production of publications on quantum technologies for the entire period; Russian scientists actively cooperate with foreign scientists, including those from leading Western countries. The internal landscape is characterized by a significant predominance of the “Center”, where the country’s leading research institutes and universities are located, and the still small research contribution of the Russian commercial sector.

Spatiotemporal interaction between urban heat island and urban-construction indicators on the block scale in autumn in a humid and hot climate

Urban heat islands (UHI) have strong spatiotemporal variations. Despite surface UHIs (SUHIs) with fine spatial distribution, UHIs have many advantages, more continuous temporal patterns, more relevant to people's feelings, and better thermal interaction between adjacent areas. Furthermore, the incomplete overlap between SUHI and UHI patterns within a city likely causes inconsistent research results and even influences urban-planning decisions. This paper conducted a six-day gridding field measurement of UHI intensity (UHII) in Guangzhou in autumn to comprehend its spatiotemporal pattern, to determine its response radius with urban-construction indicators and the accordingly magnitude of their interaction, and to recommend critical urban-construction indicators on a block scale. Results show that the hourly UHII at a given period cannot reflect the daily UHII. The optimal interpretation radius of UHII was up to 100 m, thus implying strong interactions within these buffer zones. The larger the block scale, the more consideration should be given to the influence of configuration of the internal landscape on UHII; the smaller the block scale, the more consideration should be on the surrounding landscape. Based on regression analysis, concrete coverage and tree coverage were the most vital urban-construction indicators on the block scale, followed by sky view factor, site coverage, and waterbody coverage.

The page as place: how we enter into images as place

ABSTRACT Background Entering into an image is a familiar yet undefined term. In this art-based, heuristic enquiry into how we enter into images as place, the author considers what meaning the concept of place has in art psychotherapy and how we explore and express our inner worlds through imagined places. Aims Spatial ideas and metaphors are routinely used in art psychotherapy to conceptualise internal landscapes and relational space. The author aims to provide a complementary enquiry into the phenomenon of place on the page, and how this is entered into. Method The research involved the creation of sixteen images partnered with reflective writing following spatial, locating, and sensory prompts. The author’s artmaking involved heuristic ‘self-dialogue’ on place, adopting a meditative frame of mind, creating two-dimensional artworks on paper and reflective writing. The dataset was analysed through response illustration and ‘revisiting’ via the prompt questions. Results Entering into was considered comparable to active imagination, dialoguing and suspension of disbelief. Themes of connection and solitude, expanse and enclosure and sensory experience illuminated the experiential nature of place and the page as a site of experience. Conclusions Entering into an image is shown to involve imaginatively engaging the senses and reflection on the felt sense. A place must exist to be entered into and it is found that imaginative experience creates that place. Implications for practice/policy/future research As an imaginative process, entering into has significance to art psychotherapy through the page experienced as place into the potential space. Plain-language summary Entering into an image is a familiar yet undefined term. The author enquires what it means to enter into an image as an imagined place on the page. This research uses art-making, self-inquiry, and personal reflection on the topics to answer this question. Art Psychotherapy uses metaphor and imagined places to describe how we explore and express our inner worlds and the relationship between psychotherapist and client. The author explores what this means if the page, and images on it, are a place. Sixteen images were created and reflected on by writing. Images, on paper, were made with the intention to explore the phenomenon of place, without specific plans for composition, so that themes and ideas could freely emerge from the self-inquiry and artmaking to inform the research. Themes from that process were chosen by looking again and further reflective writing and illustrations were made on those themes. Through this process the core themes were narrowed down and selected. Themes of connection and solitude, expanse and enclosure and the sensory experience were identified. This showed that place and space are linked to relationships and growth and that a place is somewhere we experience. When we imagine these experiences, both visually and in imagining our senses, we are entering into an image. This may help art psychotherapists and those in therapy by giving us understanding of how we use imagination and access unconscious ideas, and about how we create space for growth in the therapeutic relationship.

FDI in the ASEAN States: The Engine that Roared

executive summary: This essay examines how Southeast Asia's economic fortunes are at risk as the climate for trade and investment sours. main argument FDI is the engine that has propelled economic growth in Southeast Asia over the last few decades. The region, grouped together as ASEAN, has astutely used foreign investment and know-how to upgrade technology and skills and to transition from a low-cost manufacturing model to high-value goods and services. This openness to trade and investment has transformed the region's economic fortunes, with front-runners such as Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Thailand at the vanguard of global manufacturing in fields as diverse as electronics, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. ASEAN's success as a manufacturing hub would not have been possible without both an openness to trade and the presence of regional supply chains that favorably position Southeast Asia as an essential supplier of raw materials and key components for final assembly in China. But this defining economic model is confronting headwinds that could upend its continued success. The region's policymakers face a difficult set of challenges as they navigate an increasingly disruptive external and internal landscape. policy implications • ASEAN is at the epicenter of growing trade and geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and China, which raises the threat of decoupling and supply chain reconfiguration and potentially places the region in a difficult position of having to take sides. • Deglobalization and reshoring also pose a risk to manufacturing and investment, which ASEAN states depend on. Protectionist policies are resurging in Europe and the U.S., and the Covid-19 pandemic highlights the fragility of just-in-time supply chain management, encouraging instead a just-in-case approach. This will test the region's ability to sustain its high pace of economic growth to meet rising public aspirations and concerns about stalling social mobility. • Southeast Asia is already facing climate-related devastation due to rising ground temperatures and sea levels. The region is challenged to adjust its economic model to build a more sustainable future.

Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet: Ghosts and Monsters of the AnthropoceneAfter Extinction

Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet: Ghosts and Monsters of the AnthropoceneAfter Extinction

Chants of Indictment

Chants of Indictment Patricia Laurence (bio) My German Dictionary Katherine Hollander The Waywiser Press https://waywiser-press.com/product/my-german-dictionary/ 80 Pages; Print, $17.00 Katherine Hollander is both a poet and historian and this twinning shines through in her first collection of poems, My German Dictionary. In this volume that won the 2019 Anthony Hecht prize, she wears a "good travelling coat" and invites us to travel and dream back and forth in English and German with her. She begins, I couldn't be a good Jew, so I triedTo be a good historian. I couldn't beA good historian, so I wrote poems. Her poems hover over a historical landscape—the Great War, the Somme, World War II, Shoah, and Weimar Berlin, and are intertwined with an internal landscape of memory, loss, death and hope. The "travelling coat," she tells you, had … a fat gold tassel at the shoulderPull on it, and from the wide sleeve a littlecedar ladder nudges out, ready to take you away. And climbing down that ladder you are taken away to places that exist on maps—"Germany is green and Russia is pink and gold" as well as to spots of memory, feeling and history that ripple with a disquiet beneath. These are poems of conviction and bravery. In "Answers to the Question in Europe" in the first section of poems, we are presented with a narrator, "I," who is made of patches of Europe, "My mother was a Polish Catholic. / My father was a Russian Jew. … When I was sixteen, I was sent away / to the south of France." She travels, sleeps, dreams through the creation and destruction of nations, and is anointed by a poet in the poem to be a living voice and to "write a letter home." She does this throughout the collection and re-imagines the terrors of history in Europe. IV.I slept under a blanket of nations… At the foot of the bed, a ladywas sewing. How the borders achedwhere her needle pierced them! Disquiet enters, After a while, I couldn't sleep. The patchworkwas coming apart, letting in the coldFrom the wide-open window…Tiny eagles and airplanes Circled the airspace over my head. VI.I met a man in a café…He said I am every poetslaughtered, every revolutionary starved.… Now you are marked with my own seal,and every wordyou write will be a letter home…to my heart like a white valentine, my sister. Throughout the collection, she welds together an outer and inner landscape that has actual geography and history as well as a transcendental reality. In the moving poem, "Sophie and Escha, 1929," two sisters living in Berlin after the Great War lead quiet working lives. Hollander beautifully captures their appearance as they emerge from a certain cultural period: "They both wear black dresses and white / dickeys. They each have a pair of maryjanes the color of black / cherries, with a mother-of-pearl button on the strap /… They are both partial to the / feuilletons [part of newspaper devoted to literature] of Joseph Roth and the cartoons of Georg Grosz. Käthe / Kollowitz makes them cry." But history sits at their table where they take opposite sides and have great arguments, Esche reads Der Jude. Sophie reads Das Tagebuch. Yet tenderly, Hollander, brings the sisters together—their brother after all having died in the Great War—and in the end they link arms and go out to the movies or zoo or theater in Weimar. But the sorrows of war, the Great War, continue and are highlighted, as Hollander recounts how the young men going off are "anointed," … sleep nowin one another's arms in the damp trenchesdrugged with death.…And the dead come in, dragging their nextwar behind them. This is the theme of Section II that amplifies the futility of death in war, and the first poem, "War Suite" strikes a personal note with its dedication, "to my brother." The image of the brother, personal or historical, continues to surface. The narrator questions "Shouldn't we have families too," and...

深圳近海公园植物群落结构特征及其与景观格局的相关性

城市公园植物群落为城市生态系统提供重要的生态服务。对深圳最具代表性的6个近海城市公园进行实地调查，同时结合高分辨率的遥感图像，分析其植物群落结构特征及其与公园内部景观格局的相关关系。结果表明：（1）共调查到近海公园植物108科310属471种，其中乡土植物82科169属231种。草本植物中乡土植物比例较高，而木本中乡土植物占比较低。（2）TS-4和H-1分别是近海公园最常见的乔灌群落类型和草本群落类型，其样地量分别占总量的39%和26%。常见群落的指示种多数具有热带性质并占据主体地位。（3）公园中灌木植物种数低于乔木和草本植物，但群落稳定性较高。（4）半自然型和人工型近海公园各类植物的相似性，以灌木层植物最低。（5）公园整体景观格局中，斑块密度与林地面积比、林地最大斑块面积比呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。（6）各层植物多样性也受到景观格局显著影响：草本层植物多样性与草地、林地的斑块形状复杂程度分别呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；灌木层植物多样性与林地、水体的景观破碎度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；乔木层植物多样性与草地最大斑块指数呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。公园景观破碎度的增大可能会导致植被景观面积减少。建议在公园植物造景初期就要重视对灌木的运用，尤其是一些生态本底比较脆弱的公园，以提高植物群落的稳定性和低维护性。同时应尽可能保留大面积的核心植被生态斑块，更好地发挥其生态功能。研究结果可为城市公园的规划设计、植物群落的优化配置与城市生物多样性保护提供依据。;Plant communities in urban parks provide essential ecological services for the urban ecosystem. Based on the field survey of six most representative coastal urban parks in Shenzhen, and combined with high-resolution remote sensing images, the characteristics of plant community structure and its correlation with the internal landscape pattern of the parks were analyzed. The features of plant community structure and its relationship with the internal landscape patterns of the parks were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) A total of 471 plant species belong to 108 families and 310 genera were investigated, among which 231 species were native plants from 169 genera and 82 families. The proportion of native plants is higher in herbaceous plants, while the proportion of native plants is lower in woody plants. (2) TS-4 and H-1 were respectively the most common arbor-shrub community type and herbaceous community type, with their sample plots accounted for 39% and 26% of the total plots, respectively. Most indicator species of frequent communities were tropical and dominant species. (3) The species richness of shrub plants in the parks was lower than arbor and herbaceous plants, but the community stability was higher. (4) The lowest similarity of plants appeared in shrubs between semi-natural and artificial offshore parks. (5) In the overall landscape pattern of the parks, patch density was negatively correlated with the ratio of forest area and the area ratio of the maximum patch for forest land (P<0.05). (6) The plant diversity of each plant layer was also significantly affected by landscape patterns. The plant diversity in the herb layer presented a significantly negative correlation with the patch shape complexity of grassland and woodland, respectively (P<0.05). That in the shrub layer had a significantly negative correlation with landscape fragmentation degree of woodland and water, respectively (P<0.05). In the tree layer, a significantly negative correlation appeared between the plant diversity and the maximum patch index (P<0.05). The increase in the landscape fragmentation of parks may lead to the reduction of vegetation landscape area. It is suggested that the use of shrubs should be emphasized in the early stage of plant landscaping in parks, especially in some parks with relatively fragile ecological background, so as to improve the stability and low maintenance of plant communities. At the same time, a large area of core vegetation ecological patches should be preserved as much as possible to give better play to its ecological function. The research results provide a reference for the planning and designing of urban parks, the optimal allocation of plant communities, and the conservation of urban biodiversity.

Influence of spatiotemporal pattern changes of impervious surface of urban megaregion on thermal environment: A case study of the Guangdong – Hong Kong – Macao Greater Bay Area of China

The rapid development of urban megaregions has changed the regional thermal environment by raising the land surface temperature (LST) in a continuous area. The thermal environment problem in urban megaregions has become a research focus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the LST and the external expansion and internal spatial patterns of impervious surfaces area (ISA) in Guangdong – Hong Kong – Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The Landsat and MODIS data, as well as various geospatial approaches, including buffer-based zoning, impervious surface density gradients and landscape-based metrics statistics, were used to facilitate the analysis. We found that the areas of ISA increased from 1697.293 km2 in 2000 to 9754.936 km2 in 2015 in the GBA, expanding to the east, southeast and south. The mean LST increased by 7.41 °C and 10.23 °C in the daytime and nighttime, respectively. The internal density of ISA had increased significantly in the past 15 years. The highest ISA density and the highest LST appeared in the 15 km buffer zone closest to study area's center. And the LST was decreased by 0.15 °C for each 15 km increased in the distance to the study area's center. There was a significant strong positively correlation between the LST and the density of the ISA. The LST of the very-high-density area of the ISA was about 2.85 °C higher than that of the very-low-density area. The internal landscape pattern of ISA was strongly correlated with the LST. The study highlight that the center of urban megaregion had the larger ISA patches, which were simpler in shape, more aggregated and connected, and less fragmented seemed to exacerbate elevate in the LST in successive regions. In particular, the study found that the nighttime LST were affected by the environmental characteristics of urban megaregion. The correlation between the LST and the ISA was higher at daytime than at nighttime.

Humboldt, Romantic Science and Ecocide: a Walk in the Woods

Psychology as a science has focussed on internal landscapes at the expense of external ones, a fact that becomes increasingly problematic as we struggle to accept and respond to the climate crisis and its psychoterratic sequelae. This paper, written at the time of the 2019/2020 summer bushfires in Australia, takes inspiration from the Romantic Science of von Humboldt to document our affective response to our natural environment. We aimed, through a method of Flaneurie, to focus and respond and in doing so advocate for this kind of meandering as psychogeographic research. We were inspired also, in presenting our findings, by contemporary post-qualitative methodology, weaving together our observation and introspection in bricolage, to access knowledge beyond the nosology of presumptions, codes and themes. This paper links mental health and well-being to the natural environment, today a political objective. Showing that the human-nature relationship has crucial leverage for the subjects psyche and thus is highly relevant for psychology and psychological science.