International Experience Research Articles

How Does Government Information Access Interplay with Resources of Emerging Market Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises for Innovation? Evidence from Vietnam

This study integrates the (extended) resource-based view (ERBV/RBV) and non-market strategy (i.e., corporate political activity) to investigate the role of internal and external resources as drivers of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging markets (ESMEs). Using primary data from 192 Vietnam SMEs collected between 2014 and 2016, we adopted a partial least square estimation to examine our hypotheses, supplemented by ordinary least square and unobserved heterogeneity tests for robustness. Our PLS-SEM results reveal that firms with intangible resources, from human capital investment to political connections, are more likely to innovate. While the positive effect of human capital investment on innovation is not moderated by government information access, the impact of political connections as an extended resource is significantly enhanced by access to government information. On the other hand, international export experience is not related to innovation by itself, but it is positively moderated by government information access, suggesting that engaging in international markets alone is insufficient. This study contributes to the emerging market literature by examining the effects of intangible resources and political connections on ESMEs’ innovation and highlighting the role of government information as a non-market strategy access in enhancing these relationships.

Electronic medical information and analytical system (EMIAS) as a tool for the new level of understanding and diagnosis of medication adherence in patients with myocardial infarction in primary care practice in Moscow

Introduction. The global community is increasingly using patients' prescription claims data as a dominant method for assessing medication adherence, which encouraged us to conduct this study.Aim. To adapt the existing international experience of using digital technologies to measure medication adherence to the routine practice of domestic health care at the outpatient level.Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of adherence to statin therapy in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) at a large primary care clinic in Moscow, which included 2 stages: 1st stage — compilation of international experience on medication adherence studies using pharmacy dispensing records; 2nd stage — testing the method of electronic prescription refill record to measure adherence. We calculated the proportion of days covered (PDC) by statin therapy over a 12‑month period following MI. Data on demography, anamnesis, lipid profile, and statin prescriptions were obtained from the electronic medical records of patients with acute MI from January 1 — December 31, 2022. A total of 109 patients were included according to the prespecified selection criteria.Results. An analysis of international experience demonstrated that the pharmacy dispensing record method has become widespread in recent decades in foreign countries and has established itself as an objective, noninvasive, and inexpensive method for measuring medication adherence. The study of adherence to statin therapy in post-MI patients using the electronic prescription refill record method revealed a mean PDC = 63.0±29.7 %. Optimal adherence (PDC≥80 %) throughout the 12‑month follow-up period was noted in 38 % of patients. When PDC was calculated separately for the 1st and 2nd half year, it was found that the proportion of patients with optimal adherence decreased by 17.6 % (p=0.04). Adherence correlated with the efficacy of statin therapy — a more pronounced reduction of LDL–C was observed in patients with PDC≥80 % compared with those who were insufficiently adherent (–1.47±1.09 vs –0.96±1.16 mmol/L; p=0.043).Conclusion. This study demonstrated the efficiency and information value of an electronic prescription refill record system for domestic primary care. After operational tuning, the proposed method can be integrated into EMIAS for routine medication adherence assessment.

Thinking Style Preferences of Chinese and Western Physicians: A Mixed-Methods Study

IntroductionTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) stem from distinct cultural and regional contexts, with the primary difference in their approaches to clinical reasoning.This study aims to investigate the cognitive preferences of TCM and WM physicians in clinical diagnosis and treatment, providing valuable insights for the advancement of TCM. MethodsWe implemented a two-phase mixed methods approach comprising questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The Thinking Style Inventory (TSI) was used to evaluate the thinking styles of physicians through convenience sampling. Additionally, a total of six physicians (three practicing TCM and three WM) were selected by purposive sampling and open-ended responses regarding self-cognition and influencing factors were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsA total of 150 surveys and six interviews consistently indicated a preference among both TCM and WM physicians for Legislative, Executive, Hierarchical, Liberal, and External styles. In contrast, TCM physicians exhibited a tendency towards Legislative and Liberal styles, whereas WM physicians leaned towards Executive and Judicial styles. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four themes: self-understanding, thinking characteristics, influencing factors, and style changes. ConclusionOur study identified that within TCM and WM, a blend of shared characteristics and distinct individuality in thinking styles existed, exhibiting variations in the growth processes of physicians. Both TCM and WM physicians attributed the formation of their thinking styles to factors such as education, internship experience, Chinese social culture and personal disposition. Furthermore, empirical research methods emerged as effective tools for studying clinical reasoning in healthcare contexts.

HORIZONS OF SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN IN THE WORLD ENERGY AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

Hydrogen energy is a promising direction in the field of the energy industry of the future. The article presents a review of research, analyzing the relevance in Kazakhstan and in the world as a whole, reveals the importance of hydrogen energy in the context of modern challenges, such as climate change, the need for sustainable development and diversification of the energy sector. The international experience of the introduction of hydrogen energy is analyzed, with a focus on the USA and the European Union. National programs and projects designed to stimulate the development of hydrogen technologies, create infrastructure, and attract investment are being considered. Based on the analysis, some problematic issues are highlighted that require further research and development. They include the development of more efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production technologies, the creation of a reliable storage and transportation system, as well as the development of appropriate legislation and policies. In conclusion, the article makes recommendations for the further development of hydrogen energy. They include the need to strengthen international cooperation, educational programs and information campaigns, as well as support from Governments and financial organizations.

Огляд та порівняльний аналіз перспективних систем індивідуального дозиметричного контролю для АЕС України

Individual dosimetric monitoring (IDM) of external exposure of the personnel of nuclear power facilities is a key element of the radiation protection system, is traditionally within the responsibility of NPP radiation safety shops and is carried out by appropriately equipped IDM laboratories. The equipment of the IDM at NPPs, which was commissioned in the mid-2000's, is coming to the end of its life cycle and the issue of equipment replacement is on the agenda now. New IDM systems that will operate for the next 10 - 15 years should meet modern requirements, take into account global trends in radiological protection and the latest developments of IDM instrumentation, while the choice of new systems should be based on international and domestic experience, adequacy of dosimetric performance and operational practicality. The review is devoted to the comparison of the characteristics of the potent passive personal dosimetry systems considered for IDM of Ukrainian NPP personnel. Based on the analysis of literature data, international standards and recommendations, information from manufacturers and authors’ own practical experience, a generalization of information on existing and future IDM systems is carried out, a vision of the most optimal choice of systems for re-equipping laboratories for dosimetric monitoring of nuclear power plants good for the next decade is proposed.

Electronic Document: Domestic and International Experience of Information Storage

Electronic Document: Domestic and International Experience of Information Storage

La internacionalización de la educación superior desde la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios

Introduction: Corporación Universitaria del Caribe-CECAR has been interested in creating internationalization spaces from academy, transforming its teaching-learning processes regarding the demands of the globalized world; this has allowed to develop and to strengthen, in these future professionals, the competences and abilities that fit the labor and social needs from the context they will work in. Objective: The current study aims at identifying practicum students’ perceptions towards higher education internationalization and describing the benefits of internationalization in such processes. Method: The applied methodology had a mixed descriptive approach; the data collection tools were the Likert scale to measure CECAR’s internationalization and the documentary revision. Results: Within results, it was evidenced that, in 2021-2, the 79% of practicum students has a positive attitude and only the 21% has a rejection attitude with regard to internationalization processes. Regarding its main benefits, is highlighted the critical thinking aspect that is developed on professionals which allow them to communicate assertively throughout diverse contexts and generating international academic networks. Conclusions: To conclude, undergraduates are interested in making part of internationalization activities, letting them to articulate their academic process with international experiences in their practicum requirement, in which they can strengthen their professional skills and competences

Организация труда среднего медицинского персонала как фактор повышения эффективности деятельности медицинских организаций.

The shortage of mid-level medical personnel is one of the most urgent problems of healthcare system in the Russian Federation and affects negatively the efficiency of hospitals. This deficit is partially caused by a high burden on mid-level medical staff and their necessity to provide a number of non-specific non-medical activities. This leads to the medical services quality reduction, negatively affects the motivation of employees and decreases employment in this area. Purpose of this study is to identify the key problems of the organization of labor of mid-level medical staff and the formation of a new concept of labor organization taking international experience into account. Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of existing academic literature, sources of official statistical data, regulatory documents, theoretical and practical aspects of labor management and organization in the field of healthcare, the study of relevant international experience in order to identify innovative approaches and methods of labor organization. Results. According to the research the main problems of organizing the work of mid-level medical personnel include shortage of this personnel, its high workload, problems of regulation etc. The reasons for the shortage of mid-level medical specialists are identified: low wages, dissatisfaction with working conditions, low prestige of the medical profession. A system for delegating non-medical duties of mid-level medical personnel to non-medical assistants is introduced as the most effective way to solve these problems based on examples from international experience. According to this approach the tasks of assistants should include non-medical care of patients, work with documents, communications, cleaning, preparing rooms, and so on. International experience shows that assisting staff increases the efficiency of medical organizations and reduces the burden on mid-level medical staff. Findings. The need has been identified for further elaboration of the concept of labor organization in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation based on the principle of delegating non-medical duties of mid-level medical staff to non-medical assisting staff.

Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL): Fighting Hunger During a Global Pandemic

Today, an increasing number of higher education institutions are recognizing the importance of preparing students to communicate, live, and work effectively with others from different cultural backgrounds (Appiah-Kubi, 2020; Eliyahy-Levi, 2020; Iuspa, 2019). Providing opportunities for students to travel abroad has been an integral part of the higher education experience for many years. However, with the global pandemic resulting in limited travel, universities are developing new and innovative ways to provide international experiences for students. The purpose of this cross disciplinary project was to explore an international virtual student collaboration between two universities, one in the United States and one in Southeast Asia. Twenty students were matched across universities to examine one of the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals: #2 Zero Hunger (https://sdgs.un.org/goals). Fighting hunger is not a new problem in our world, but the focus has been greater in the midst of a world-wide pandemic. Many people have lost jobs or had their income severely impacted. Students from both universities worked collaboratively to explore the issues of fighting hunger during a pandemic and focused on finding solutions that can last long after the end of this current pandemic.

Entrepreneurial competencies in vocational education and training: international experience

Entrepreneurial competencies in vocational education and training: international experience

Chronic suicidal ideations: a risk or a protection.

Chronic suicidal ideations can be consistently present as part of the individual's sense of identity and self-regulation or as a reoccurring pattern to control intense feelings and communicate and relate experiences or intentions. While they can be the precursor to self-harm and suicide attempts, requiring a thorough risk assessment, they can also represent a way to control, avoid, or contain intolerable feelings and experiences. In addition, suicidal ideations can be either deeply internalized and hidden or indirectly or directly conveyed to others. This article focuses on understanding and approaching chronic suicidal ideations that specifically relate to self- and interpersonal characterological functioning, i.e., sense of identity, self-regulation, emotion regulation, and interpersonal intentions. Suicidal ideations must be identified and assessed both in terms of intention, i.e., motivation, plans, and means to harm oneself or end one's life, as well as in terms of function, i.e., related to selfregulatory strategies for counterbalancing or protecting against overwhelming, painful, and frightening external, interpersonal, or internal experiences. Therapeutic strategies and challenges will be discussed, including engaging patients in the therapeutic alliance and building consistency, trust, and reliability.

Ketogenic Diet for Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Literature Review and Clinical Experience

To date, treating type I diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a difficult clinical task that is based, from the traditional point of view, exclusively on adjusting an insulin dose and monitoring a daily carbohydrate intake. Dietary changes are not considered a type of treatment in T1D patients yet, although this autoimmune disease is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The article explores the international experience in the use of a low-carbohydrate diet and the features of disease development when putting patients into ketosis on a ketogenic diet. Article discusses the clinical experience obtained during T1D patient management, including ketogenic diet and mitochondrial support, at the clinic “PlanetaMed”. In addition, the article describes the case reports and case studies. According to the clinical experience of “PlanetaMed” specialists, the use of a ketogenic diet results in a decreasing blood glucose level in almost all cases. The average dose of injected insulin was 22.8 units before the ketogenic diet and 6,625 units during the ketogenic diet. The absolute decrease was 16.205 units, and the relative decrease was 70.9%. At the same time, the concentration level of glucose decreased by 39.2%. The decrease in blood glucose level and the injected insulin dose were connected (correlation coefficient: 0.76). Therefore, the studies have shown a significant positive impact of a ketogenic diet on the treatment of T1D patients.

Constructing smart cities through the use of public-private partnerships: The case of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates

This article analyses the case of Dubai’s smart city from a public policy perspective and demonstrates how critical it is to rely on the use of the public-private partnership (PPP) model. Effective use of this model can guarantee the building of a smart city that could potentially fulfill the vision of the political leadership in Dubai and serve as a catalyst and blueprint for other Gulf states that wish to follow Dubai’s example. This article argues that Dubai’s smart city project enjoys significant political support and has ambitious plans for sustainable growth, and that the government has invested heavily in developing the necessary institutional, legal/regulatory, and supervisory frameworks that are essential foundations for the success of any PPP project. The article also points to some important insights that the Dubai government can learn from the international experience with the delivery of smart cities through PPPs.

РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА МИОДИСТРОФИИ ДЮШЕННА: АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an orphan neuromuscular progressive genetic disease that causes muscle breakdown and subsequent loss. Provided early diagnosis, complex standard and pathogenetic therapy significantly changes the trajectory of the disease, making it more benign. Diagnosis of DMD is a two-pillar system with creatine kinase (CK) level measured at the first stage followed by molecular genetic study in case the enzyme threshold values. The quality of genetic diagnostics in Russia has reached the best worldwide standards recently though identifying children with elevated CK levels is yet difficult. The number of diagnosed DMD patients in Russia is significantly lower than the statistically estimated global amount. The average age for diagnosis is not decreasing either. Thus, the median age for DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) molecular diagnosis is 7 years and 8 months old. The number of identified children below the age of 2 y/o in Russia has remained consistently low over the past three years. According to the results of a familial cases survey, the correct primary diagnosis of DMD was established in less than half of all cases, 47.1%. The most common incorrect diagnoses were as follows: asymptotic hepatitis (25.1%), perinatal damage to the central nervous system (6.4%), cerebral palsy (2.7%), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (2.7%) and flat feet, hallux valgus etc. (16% in total). The median duration between the initial DMD manifestation and molecular diagnosis is 3 years and 8 months as yet whilst the age-specific guidelines suggest prescribing standard and pathogenetic therapy during the 2 to 5 y/o period of life. Therefore, the Russia’s average age of DMD diagnosis above 7 y/o lies far beyond the optimal age for initiating of the DMD therapy with the purpose of gaining its maximum possible clinical benefit. The accumulated international and Russian experience demonstrates the possibility for improving of the primary DMD and BMD diagnosis in early preschool age and therefore requires its nationwide introduction.

Blinatumomab in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: one center experience

Background. Despite the successes achieved in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), overcoming the toxicity of standard chemotherapy regimens and the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) forms of the disease remains relevant. The most promising option is to use immunotherapy (IT), including a monoclonal antibody blinatumomab (BM). The purpose of the study. To analyze indications of using, as well as efficacy and tolerability of BM in children with V-ALL. Materials and methods. From April 2016 to January 2024 a retrospective assessment of using of BM in children with B-ALL in the chemotherapy department of oncohematological diseases and TCM for children in Almazov National Medical Research Centre was performed. Results. The study included 53 patients, including 28 (53 %) girls and 25 (47 %) boys with median age of 7,7 (2,08–19,8) years. Indications for using of BM were as follows: (1) consolidation of remission (CR) with primary ALL (n = 17, 32 %); (2) persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) (n = 23, 43 %) after completion of chemotherapy (CT) induction or before the stage of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT); (3) replacement of the standard CR due to the previous toxicity of СT or other contraindications to its implementation (n = 12, 23 %); (4) salvage therapy for r/r ALL (n = 1, 1,9 %). The status of MRD-negative remission after the 1st course of IT was achieved in 89 % of cases. Therapy using BM in a patient with the r/r ALL and total blast infiltration of the bone marrow was effective and facilitated reducing the tumor population to 7,2% by day 15 of therapy, however, there was a fatal outcome due to development and progression of preexisted severe infection. The most common variants of grade III–IV toxicity were leuko-/neutropenia (28 %) and neurotoxicity (3,7 %). BM dose reduction for the purpose of relieving toxicity was required in 19 % of patients, while the median days of therapy with dose reduction was 4. Corticosteroids were used for this purpose in 11 % of cases, antibacterial therapy — in 13 %. At the time of results evalution, there were no relapses of the disease in the study group. The article analyzes the international experience of using BM in patients with B-ALL.Conclusion. Our experience and the presented literature data demonstrate a reasonable expansion of indications for using of BM in children with B-ALL with high efficacy and satisfactory toxicity profile.

Career challenges of international female faculty in US universities: from a linguistic profiling perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review how international female faculty experience linguistic challenges and bias in their US university careers.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing related literature, the authors explore the career challenges of international female faculty including hiring, promotion and tenure and leadership opportunities from a linguistic profiling perspective.FindingsInternational female faculty have relatively few hiring opportunities, specifically when institutions and fields openly accept linguistic profiling and bias and are less likely to hire non-native English-speaking international faculty. In the promotion and tenure process, international female faculty have struggled with standard academic English criteria and poor teaching evaluations from students because of the faculty’s different English usage such as word choice, grammar and pragmatics. In terms of leadership opportunities, international female professors have faced linguistic bias that non-native English faculty members are not competent, credible, intelligent or skilled because they speak accented English.Originality/valueThis study can help researchers and career development practitioners by adding linguistic profiling specific diversity and inclusion perspectives to existing literature. The findings expand the perspectives and practices related to the career challenges of international female faculty due to linguistic profiling.

Unveiling the synergy: entrepreneurial effectuation and alliance-driven SME diversification

PurposeInternationalisation is a complex and uncertain process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), characterised by challenges such as limited resources, lack of international experience and uncertainty in foreign markets. This study aims to explore the impact of entrepreneurial effectuation on the diversification of products and market expansion. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of alliance capabilities in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed five hypotheses based on an extensive and relevant literature review. Data were collected using nonprobability judgemental and snowball sampling techniques from 202 software exporting firms in Bangladesh to measure the relationship. Data collected from the survey were then analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results of this study show that all five hypotheses developed in this study are supported. This study found a positive impact of entrepreneurial effectuation on product and market diversification. Study results also show that alliance capabilities mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial effectuation and product and market diversification.Research limitations/implicationsIn the face of internationalisation uncertainties, SMEs use effectual decision-making logic and form strategic alliances to enhance their competitive positions. This research contributes to understanding how SMEs use effectuation in navigating international markets and expanding their product portfolios and market reach.Originality/valueThis study pioneers a mediation approach to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial effectuation, alliance capabilities and diversification in SME internationalisation. Examining the interplay of decision-making logic and collaborative ventures, this study offers insights into the complexities of SME internationalisation in uncertain environments.

Will undergraduate students pursue a career in the tourism and hospitality industry in the post-COVID-19 era?

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted employment within the tourism and hospitality industry. Students have witnessed employment instability during the pandemic, thus shaping their attitudes toward their careers and perceived job security risks in the post-pandemic era. This study therefore explored the key factors influencing the students’ attitudes and intentions toward pursuing a career in the tourism and hospitality industry in Thailand. Data collected from 394 participants were analyzed, and the results underscore the significant role of internship experience in enhancing students’ motivation to work in the industry while reducing their perceived job insecurity. The results also indicate that career attitudes were influenced by motivation and perceived job insecurity but not by internship experience. Furthermore, students were likely to pursue a tourism and hospitality career when they possessed positive career attitudes and perceived lower job insecurity. The study highlights the mediating role of career attitude in linking motivation and the intention to pursue a career. These results provide insights for guiding the formulation of strategies to enhance undergraduate students’ career perceptions and intentions to pursue a career, contributing to filling job vacancies, sustaining business performances, and supporting the recovery of the tourism and hospitality industry in the post-COVID-19 era.

QUBA BRANCH OF ADPU: THE COMBINED PLACE OF DEVELOPMENT, ATTENTION AND CARE

The reforms carried out in the education system of our republic and the use of international experience in this field are bearing fruit. The higher education institutions operating in the regions have a great role in the successes achieved in this direction. The article also talks about the rich experience of one such educational institution – the Guba branch of ADPU, where the main directions of comprehensive activities in the field of international cooperation, starting with the organization of the educational project, are clarified.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ОПЫТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СИСТЕМОЙ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ЕГО ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ДЛЯ РОССИИ

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in the management of the higher education system. It will examine the experience of foreign countries in managing the higher education system in the context of each individual country, as well as its significance for the Russian Federation. A comprehensive analysis of the international experience in the management of higher education systems was carried out. For the first time, a comparative analysis of management models in different countries has been carried out, which allows us to identify general trends and specific features of the management of the higher education system.