Internal Combustion Engine Valve Research Articles

Static and Thermal Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine Valves

Abstract: In this paper the 3D model of the internal combustion engine valves was realized using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2024 and finite element analysis, static and thermal was performed, in order to determine the state of stress, deformation and temperature evolution, by applying restrictions and loads conditions. Two materials were chosen, for internal combustion engine valves, in accordance with the specialized literature. The materials taken for static and thermal analysis was Stainless Steel AISI 446 and NiCr0TiAl. Following the comparative study for the two models, it can be specified the importance of the material for the construction of the internal combustion engine valves who depends on the material properties and their design.

Analysis of tribological aspects during operation and repair of internal combustion engine valve mechanism parts

Analysis of tribological aspects during operation and repair of internal combustion engine valve mechanism parts

METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING ACCURACY PARAMETERS
 IN THE PROCESS OF RESTORING THE VALVE SEATS

In this article a methodology for researching the parameters of forming in the process of processing valve seats
 of an internal combustion engine valve timing gear in an automobile repair industry was described.
 The practical implementation of this methodology was carried out using laser triangulation sensors based on the
 developed device for boring valve seats. Experimental dependences of the cutting tool displacement on various processing modes were obtained. Practical recommendations were made on the selection of cutting mode ranges to ensure
 the required precision parameters when restoring valve seats.

Improving the mode of induction surfacing of reinforcing rings on internal combustion engine valves made of austenitic steel.

Improving the mode of induction surfacing of reinforcing rings on internal combustion engine valves made of austenitic steel.

Investigation of laser remelting of hardening rings of internal combustion engine valves.

Investigation of laser remelting of hardening rings of internal combustion engine valves.

Modelling the Valvetrain of the Car Engine to Study the Effects of Valve Rotation

The valve performs an alternating translational motion along its axis of symmetry, which is accompanied by a rotation about its own axis, possibly due the valve body’s cylindrical geometry and due to the conjugate element, the guide, which is also a cylindrically shape body. By ensuring this rotational motion of the valve, a number of advantages are obtained, mainly related to the increase of the operating period of the valve and implicitly of the engine. Following the critical analysis of the current state of research on the valvetrain systems and the rotational motion of the valves, the advantages and the disadvantages of valve rotation during engine operation were established. To this end, it has been established that, in addition to the theoretical approach to the problem, it is necessary to create a virtual model of the valvetrain mechanism to do a thorough analysis of the problem. Based on the model, the influence of the camshaft speed, temperature and lubricating oil pressure were monitored by changing the coefficient of friction, the influence of the cam position relative to the tappet and the influence of the valve spring. In this paper, the authors want to determine the rotational motion characteristics of internal combustion engine valves and to suggest measures that can be taken to ensure valve rotation at all operating modes without the use of auxiliary devices for generating rotational motion.

Investigation of Thermal Behaviour of (Steel Alloy (44K2), Titanium Aluminide, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2) Materials on Internal Combustion Engine Valves

Investigation of Thermal Behaviour of (Steel Alloy (44K2), Titanium Aluminide, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2) Materials on Internal Combustion Engine Valves

Internal Combustion Engine Fault Diagnosis Method Based MICEEMD-PWVD

As to multi-signals, the figure of time-frequency distribution becomes difficult to understand due to cross-terms in the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD). At present time, cross-terms suppression of time-frequency analysis is one of the top interests in signal processing, and more and more research had been put on this topic, but the present research on cross-terms suppression exist conflicting problem that these methods couldn’t suppress the cross-terms while holding high time-frequency resolution. A novel method of cross-terms suppression in the WVD based on Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD) was proposed to solve the above problem. Firstly, multi-component signals were decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) which were single component signal by CEEMD; Secondly, the Mutual Information values of IMFS and original signal were calculated to judge and delete the CEEMD false components; Thirdly, these Wigner-Ville distributions of true component of IMFs were computed; Finally, WVDs of each single component signal were added linearly to reconstruct the WVD of original signal. Test on synthetic data shows the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can suppress the cross-terms while holding high time-frequency resolution. Apply MICEEMD - PWVD in internal combustion engine valve clearance fault diagnosis, useTD-2DPCA method to extract MICEEMD-PWVD time-frequency image feature, then classify the characteristic parameters with the nearest neighbor classifier. The results show that the IC Engine Fault Diagnosis Method Based MICEEMD-PWVD and TD-2DPCA can accurately diagnose IC engine valve fault.

Chromium nitride-coated copper beryllium as a cam tappet material candidate

Copper beryllium (CuBe) with good mechanical and high electrical conductivity properties is used in metalworking, electronic devices, automotive systems, and aerospace systems. Having low hardness limits its usage in tribosystems such as internal combustion engine valve train systems. In this study, heat-treated CuBe material was coated with CrN under a micron thickness by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (arc-PVD) to improve wear resistance not only at unlubricated condition but also at the lubricated condition for tribosystem, especially a material candidate for cam tappets. Therefore, CrN-coated CuBe, CuBe, and AISI52100 steel samples were tested by a tribometer at unlubricated and lubricated sliding conditions. Surface morphological changes and tribochemical formation were investigated by optical microscope, optical profilometer, atomic force microscope, and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that CrN increased the wear resistance of the CuBe significantly, and it can be used as cam tappet material both on unlubricated and boundary lubrication regimes.

Study on Fretting Wear Properties of High Speed Diesel Engine Roller Tappet Material Cr12W Steel

The cam and tappet are key components of the internal combustion engine valve train system. Due to the alternating high-frequency cyclic of high contact stress, the cam and tappet are prone to abnormal wear and failure. In this work, Cr12W steel was selected as the material of the roller tappet in valve train. Then, it was treated by ion nitriding treatment. The fretting wear tests were carried out under laboratory conditions. The wear mechanisms of nitrided and untreated specimens which rubbed with GCr15 steel were investigated under dry friction and oil lubrication, respectively. It is found out that the predominant wear mechanisms of nitrided specimens under dry friction are slight abrasive wear and adhesive wear, whereas under oil lubrication, it is mainly spalling. The wear mechanisms of untreated specimens under dry friction are identified as adhesive wear and oxidative wear, while it is mainly abrasive wear under oil lubrication.

Determination of the Internal Combustion Engine Valve Gear Characteristics

Method of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) valve gear characteristics determination by using the numerical differentiation of tappet movement law is submitted. The method of converting these characteristics for different valve types is proposed. Based on the methods of calculation of the motion law of the follower, characteristics of the timing and conversion of the data during the transition from one kinematics to another developed computer software included in the software complex for synthesis of the characteristics of the valve timing. Their use allows to identify resources for improving timing mechanism of an internal combustion engine.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE ION-PLASMA DUSTING METHOD OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES’ VALVES BASING ON THE TOPOCOMPOSITE COVERINGS’ MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS

Introduction. Digital image and calculation of multifractal dimension spectra are carried out in the research basing on the investigation of the coatings’ topology, which are created by ion-plasma spraying on steel surfaces and used for internal combustion engine (ICE) valves. Results . Quantitative assessment of the structural changes received on the different power modes of ion-plasma dusting is executed in the article. Discussion and conclusion . It is concluded that complex indicators of multifractal dimensions could be used for forecasting and optimization of the ion-plasma processing modes for the purpose of anti-wear coatings on automobile parts at the repair process forming.

Design of Epoxy based Resin Composites for Automotive Applications: A Case Study on IC Engine Valve Guide

The present attempt in this project is to reduce the vibrations, temperature due to friction, noise and weight of I C engine valve guide by replacing conventional metal valve guide with composite valve guide. Composite materials have been used in automotive components because of their properties such as low weight, high specific stiffness, corrosion resistance, ability to produce complex shapes, high specific strength and good impact energy absorption etc. The Internal combustion engine valve guides are the parts that support the valves in the cylinder head, besides this it keeps lubricating oil from getting sucked into the combustion chamber past the intake valve stem, it keeps exhaust gases from getting into the crankcase past the exhaust valve stem and it also keeps the valve face in perfect alignment with the valve seat. A valve guide test rig is indigenously fabricated. Valve guides are manufactured using the developed composite material (Resin ARL-136, Hardener AH-126 and 4 vol% WS2), on a CNC lathe. The performance of the developed composite guide under varied conditions of speeds, that is, fixed change in rpm and modulated changes in rpm is assessed. Noise, temperature and vibrations are measured. The experimental data revealed that contribution of composite guide in respect of acceleration, velocity and displacement components of vibration is not substantial. A substantial reduction in noise levels is seen. As far as temperature rise due to friction is concerned maximum components fail at elevated temperatures, with composite guides the temperature generated due to friction at higher speeds is less, a considerable weight reduction is also observed.

Numerical cam profile design with tappet constant speed section in internal combustion engine valve gear and fuel system

In modern internal combustion engines the drive of valves of the mechanism of gas distribution and a plunger of the fuel pump of high pressure is carried out by the cam mechanism. The functional requirement imposed to gas distribution mechanism cams is receiving the greatest valve “time-section” when ensuring working capacity and reliability of the valvate drive. One of the main directions of improvement of fuel pumps of high pressure of diesel engines is increase in the maximum pressure of injection. In this work it is offered to improve a numerical method by imposition of the restriction on the first derivative of movement of the pusher on a cam angle of rotation, that is a pusher speed analog. This restriction allows to receive a cam with the site of constant maximum speed of the pusher. It allows to increase the maximum pressure of injection.

Microstructural Aspects of TBC`s Deposited on Internal Combustion Engine Valve Materials

The discs of the intake or exhaust valves are vital organs of internal combustion engines, being subjected to extreme operating conditions, thermal, mechanical and chemical types. One of the goals of researches in this area is related to thermal insulation of the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines, which could enhance their performance in operation. In this article we analysed the microstructural aspects of some coatings obtained from powders with thermal barrier role on specific materials for internal combustion engines valves. There were used as substrate samples of low alloy steels with Si and high alloyed steels with Cr, Ni and Mn. Using the facility SPRAYWIZARD 9MCE for atmospheric plasma spraying, two types of thermal barrier coatings were produced, from powders based on zirconia and alumina. The samples were analyzed in terms of microstructure using the QUANTA 200 3D scanning electron microscope and the X`PERT PROMD diffractometer. Observations were made both on the longitudinal surface of the coating in order to evaluate it and on the cross-section to evaluate the substrate-coating interface, the influence of deposition temperatures on the substrate and aspect/microstructure on its depth. XRD analysis revealed a cubic structure of aluminum oxide, respectively zirconium oxide. The identified morphology is a specific "splat" one for the ceramic coatings. Surface appearance shows tiny pores and cracks specific to the spraying method. The resulted coatings present a significant compactness and adherence to the substrate, which recommends them for further thermal behaviour testing.

Wear aspects of internal combustion engine valves

Because the surface engineering is becoming an increasingly viable alternative to the constructive changes made to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines, have been proposed and tested various types of coatings of some organs of internal combustion engines. One vital organ is the engine valves, which is subjected during operation to combined thermal, mechanical, corrosion and wear solicitations, which are leading to severe corrosion and complete breakdown. In this paper were analyzed aspects of valves wear and the active surfaces were coated using the atmospheric plasma spraying method (APS) with two commercial powders: Ni-Al and YSZ. Microstructural analyzes were made on these layers and also observations regarding the possibility of using them as thermal barrier and anti-oxidant coatings.

Determination of wear in internal combustion engine valves using the finite element method and experimental tests

A methodology for the analysis of wear in internal combustion engine valves is proposed, which is the result of the combined use of numerical and experimental techniques. The numerical solutions are obtained using a specialized Finite Element Method, where a mortar contact algorithm is used to model a flexible–flexible contact along with an adhesive wear law. The experimental results are obtained in a wear testing rig specifically designed to evaluate wear parameters in valve operating conditions. A good agreement was found between the experimental worn profiles and the numerical computations of wear at the contact surfaces.

Dynamics Simulation Model for the Internal Combustion Engine Valve Gear

The paper sets forth the refined estimation technique of internal combustion engine valve train stress loading on example of VAZ engine, obtained by means of developed simulation model of valve train dynamics research. The experimental research of valve spring coil oscillations by high-speed motion-picture technique is being considered as well.

Fault detection and diagnosis of diesel engine valve trains

This paper presents the development of a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system for use with a diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) valve train. A novel feature is generated for each of the valve closing and combustion impacts. Deformed valve spring faults and abnormal valve clearance faults were seeded on a diesel engine instrumented with one accelerometer. Five classification methods were implemented experimentally and compared. The FDD system using the Naïve-Bayes classification method produced the best overall performance, with a lowest detection accuracy (DA) of 99.95% and a lowest classification accuracy (CA) of 99.95% for the spring faults occurring on individual valves. The lowest DA and CA values for multiple faults occurring simultaneously were 99.95% and 92.45%, respectively. The DA and CA results demonstrate the accuracy of our FDD system for diesel ICE valve train fault scenarios not previously addressed in the literature.

Failure Analysis of Diesel Engine Exhaust Valve by Using Ansys Software

The failure of valve affects the engine performance and as a result importance is given to the failure analysis of internal combustion engine valves. The valve may fail by valve face recession, wear failure, fatigue failure, thermal fatigue, erosion / corrosion of valves, overheating of valves and carbon deposits on valves. Mostly valves fail due to high pressure and temperature. This paper presents a failure analysis of diesel engine exhaust valve used in a passenger car. The analyzed exhaust valve failed after a very short period of usage of the car. To determine the cause of failure stress analysis is carried out by finite element method which shows the highly stressed region on the valve. A proper CAD model is developed by using CATIA software and saved in 'iges' format. It is then imported into ANSYS 14 software which gives the von mises stress, strain and deformation. The stress analysis shows that maximum stress is developed near the head of valve when piston crashed to the valve and material analysis shows that the strength of valve decreases due to decarburization of material and as a result the valve was bent.