Internal Carotid Artery Trunk Research Articles

Standalone Flow Diversion Therapy Effectively Controls Rebleeding of Acutely Ruptured Internal Carotid Artery Trunk (Nonbranching) Microaneurysms.

Flow diversion is a promising option in selected patients with acutely ruptured microaneurysms. In this article, we reviewed our experience. Patients with acute spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after rupture of a blister-like or saccular microaneurysm (≤2 mm maximal diameter) at a nonbranching ICA site treated from January 2016 to June 2019 using flow diversion as standalone therapy were included in this study. An EVD was usually placed preventively. Antiplatelet effects of pre-procedure DAPT were evaluated (target PRU, 80–160). After the intervention, DAPT was continued for ≥6 months, aspirin—indefinitely. Angiographic controls were obtained. Fifteen patients (12 female; mean age, 46.4 years) with 15 ruptured ICA microaneurysms (mean diameter, 1.8 mm) were included. An EVD was placed in 12 patients (75%) before DAPT administration and stenting. PRU values immediately before FDS were 1–134 (mean, 72.1). One patient died 27 days after flow diversion due to a suspected fulminant pulmonary embolism. Aneurysms were completely occluded at the 6–12-month angiographic follow-up in 14/14 surviving patients, with no rebleeding at a mean of 14 months. Late mRS was 0–2 in 13/14 patients and 3 in one due to sequelae of the original hemorrhage. Flow diversion provided robust aneurysm rebleeding control. Angiographic follow-up confirmed complete aneurysm occlusion in all the cases.

Clip-wrapping of ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.

To evaluate the safety and validity of microsurgical Gore-Tex clip-wrapping for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Single-surgeon series. Retrospective study. Data analyzed were patient age, sex, Hunt and Hess grade (H&H), Fisher grade, time from rupture to hospitalization, aneurysm size and location, collateral capacity of the circle of Willis, time from hospitalization to aneurysm repair, aneurysm obliteration, complications, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at follow-up. Six patients (2 males, 4 females) with ICA BBAs underwent clip-wrapping between 2011 and 2016. Median age was 50.0years (range 31.7-54.0). H&H was grade 1 or 2 in 5 patients and grade 4 in 1 patient. All aneurysms were small (≤ 0.3cm), without relation to vessel bifurcations, and located anteromedially, anterolaterally, and superomedially on the ICA trunk. Right side was most frequent (66%). All aneurysms could be clip-wrapped without intraoperative ruptures and all parent arteries could be preserved in the acute phase. Clip-wrapping completely eliminated the BBAs in five patients, whereas one patient underwent additional stent-assisted coiling. There were no re-ruptures, delayed infarctions, or deaths postoperatively. After a median follow-up of 57months (range 20-90), outcome was favorable (mRS score 0-2) in all patients without radiographic signs of recurrences. Using the Gore-Tex clip-wrapping technique for ruptured ICA BBAs, the aneurysm could be treated without intraoperative ruptures or parent artery sacrifice in the acute phase. The outcomes were similar to other SAH patients and on follow-up, there were no aneurysm recurrences, indicating a durable long-term outcome.

Comparison of Dolenc and pterional approach in the microsurgery for blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of internal carotid artery

ObjectivesBlood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) were considered a great therapeutic challenge with high morbidity and mortality. A variety of microsurgical techniques to treat BBAs had been proposed, but few had investigated the optimal surgical approach toward the exposure of BBAs. In this study, we aimed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of Dolenc and pterional approach in the microsurgery of BBAs. Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical and surgical records of ICA (internal carotid artery) blister-like aneurysms that had been treated by microsurgery at our hospital during 2012 to 2017 and compared postoperative complications and outcomes between Dolenc and pterional approach. ResultsSeventeen BBAs of 16 patients with complete information were identified from our database based on intraoperative findings. All 17 BBAs were treated with direct clipping successfully with no death or re-bleeding occurred. Six patients were performed with Dolenc approach and 10 with pterional approach. No significant difference was found regarding the incidence of intraoperative rupture (42.9% vs 0.0%, P = 0.051) or postoperative complications (ocular complications:33.3% vs 0.0%, P = 0.125; ischemic events: 33.3% vs 10.0%, P = 0.518) between the two groups. ConclusionDolenc approach and pterional approach were both applicable craniotomies for supraclinoid BBAs of ICA. Dolenc approach provided more exposure of ICA trunk, which ensured reliable proximal control but might also bring higher risk of oculomotor paralysis. Choice of approach should be based on the location of BBA and the available form of proximal control.

The Necessity of New Designed Device for Ruptured Internal Carotid Artery Trunk Blood Blister-like Aneurysms

The Necessity of New Designed Device for Ruptured Internal Carotid Artery Trunk Blood Blister-like Aneurysms

Treatment of ruptured internal carotid artery trunk aneurysms: Feasibility of endovascular trapping or proximal obliteration of the ICA

Objective Ruptured aneurysms arising from non-branching sites of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are often difficult to treat by neck clipping or endosaccular coiling. We discuss the feasibility of simple endovascular ICA ligation or trapping to treat aneurysms. Methods Data from eleven patients were retrospectively analyzed regarding Hunt and Hess grade on admission, angiographic collateral capacities during digital carotid compression, results of balloon test occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA, type of treatment, and Glasgow outcome scale at discharge. Results First endovascular treatments were performed by day 5 in four cases. Two patients with good clinical grade and good collateral capacity underwent endovascular ICA trapping in the acute stage and showed good outcomes. Two patients displaying poor clinical grade but good collaterals underwent endosaccular embolization. These aneurysms recurred later and the ICAs were trapped by coils in the chronic stage. Four cases underwent first endovascular treatments in the chronic stage. Three patients with good collaterals underwent endovascular ICA trapping or ligation and showed favorable outcomes. Conclusions Seven of eleven patients could be treated by endovascular ICA trapping or ligation, which offers a simple, safe method for ruptured ICA trunk aneurysms, if collateral capacity is good and neurological condition is not serious.

Bony Protuberances on the Anterior and Posterior Clinoid Processes Lead to Traumatic Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Following Craniofacial Injury

Traumatic intracranial aneurysms are rare, comprising 1% or less of all cerebral aneurysms. The majority of these aneurysms arise at the skull base or in the distal anterior and middle cerebral arteries or their branches following direct mural injury or acceleration-induced shearing force. We present a 50-year-old patient in whom subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was developed as a result of traumatic aneurysm rupture after a closed craniofacial injury. Through careful evaluation of the three-dimensional computed tomography and conventional angiographies, the possible mechanism of the traumatic internal carotid artery trunk aneurysm is correlated with a hit injury by the bony protuberances on the anterior and posterior clinoid processes. This traumatic aneurysm was successfully obliterated with clipping and wrapping technique. The possibility of a traumatic intracranial aneurysm should be considered when patient with SAH demonstrates bony protuberances on the clinoid process as a traumatic aneurysm may result from mechanical injury by the sharp bony edges.

Non-saccular aneurysms of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery trunk causing subarachnoid hemorrhage: acute surgical treatments and review of literatures

Non-saccular aneurysms (NSAs) of the internal carotid artery trunk include blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) and dissecting aneurysms (DAs), which are susceptible to disastrous intra- and postoperative bleeding. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical features of NSAs and the results of early bypass and trapping. Nineteen ruptured NSAs were identified in 937 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The principal treatment was to trap the aneurysm following bypass surgery as soon as possible after SAH onset. Angiography revealed nine BBAs and ten DAs. Eight patients (four BBA and four DA) were treated in the chronic stage because of delayed arrival (n = 3) or lack of aneurysm on initial angiography (n = 3), or other reasons (n = 2). The remaining 11 patients underwent early surgery using trapping after bypass, except for one BBA-type (clipped). During surgery, corresponding intraoperative findings were confirmed for each aneurysm type. There were six preoperative reruptures; five were determinant of patient outcome. In 14 patients without preoperative rerupture influencing outcome, 11 patients were independent at discharge and three patients dependent due to surgical complication. There was one case of minor intraoperative bleeding; no postoperative rerupture occurred. There was no delayed vasospasm-related deficit, although temporary symptomatic spasm occurred in three patients. Early bypass and trapping appeared to be an acceptable treatment strategy for these NSAs eliminating intra- and postoperative bleeding and not increasing a chance of delayed vasospasm.

Blood blister–like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery trunk causing subarachnoid hemorrhage: treatment and outcome

The object of this study was to evaluate cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) trunk. The authors performed a single-center, retrospective study. Data analyzed were patient age, sex, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade, time from SAH to hospitalization, aneurysm size and location, collateral capacity of the circle of Willis, time from hospitalization to aneurysm repair, type of aneurysm repair, complications, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at follow-up. A total of 211 patients suffered SAH from ICA aneurysms. Of these, 14 patients (6.6%) had ICA trunk BBAs; 6 men and 8 women. The median age was 47.8 years (range 29.9-67.7 years). The Hunt and Hess grade was IV or V in 7 cases, and SAH was Fisher Grade 3 + 4 in 6. All aneurysms were small (< 1 cm), without relation to vessel bifurcations, and usually located anteromedially on the ICA trunk. Three patients were treated with coil placement and 11 with clip placement. Of the 7 patients in whom the ICA was preserved, only 1 had poor outcome (GOS Score 2). In contrast, cerebral infarcts developed in all patients treated with ICA sacrifice, directly postoperatively in 2 and after delay in 5. Six patients died, 1 survived in poor condition (GOS Score 3; p < 0.001). Internal carotid BBAs are rare, small, and difficult to treat endovascularly, with only 2 of 14 patients successfully treated with coil placement. The BBAs rupture easily during surgery (ruptured in 6 of 11 surgical cases). Intraoperative aneurysm rupture invariably led to ICA trap ligation. Sacrifice of the ICA within 48 hours of an SAH led to very poor outcome, even in patients with adequate collateral capacity on preoperative angiograms, probably because of vasospasm-induced compromise of the cerebral collaterals.

Aneurysms at Nonbranching Sites in the Supraclinoid Portion of the Internal Carotid Artery: Internal Carotid Artery Trunk Aneurysms

Aneurysms at Nonbranching Sites in the Supraclinoid Portion of the Internal Carotid Artery: Internal Carotid Artery Trunk Aneurysms

Aneurysms at nonbranching sites in the surpaclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery: internal carotid artery trunk aneurysms.

Aneurysms at nonbranching sites in the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA), known as blood blister-like aneurysms or ICA anterior or dorsal wall aneurysms, are not well understood. To clarify this clinical entity, 7408 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who were treated during a 5-year period were analyzed. Forty-eight patients had aneurysms that were intraoperatively confirmed to be located at a nonbranching site in the supraclinoid portion of the ICA. Neuroradiological and clinicopathological features and outcomes were studied. The aneurysms were divided into the "blister type," with a blood blister-like configuration and fragile walls, and the "saccular type," with a saccular configuration and a relatively firm neck, like ordinary berry aneurysms. The most frequent origin was the anteromedial wall for both types. ICA dissection was associated only with the blister type, and hypertension was more frequent with the blister type (P = 0.0978). The preoperative conditions of the patients were the same, but the outcomes for patients with blister-type aneurysms were worse, because of frequent intra- and postoperative aneurysmal bleeding. Saccular-type aneurysms were safely clipped. Treatment of blister-type aneurysms by clipping on wrapping material achieved good results, but ICA trapping (P = 0.0952), clipping (P = 0.0146), and wrapping (P = 0.0110) were associated with much worse results. Blister-type and saccular-type aneurysms have different shapes and wall characteristics. The saccular type can be treated by clipping, whereas the blister type requires clipping on wrapping material. ICA trunk aneurysms may be a better designation to express the diversity of these aneurysms, rather than ICA blood blister-like or anterior or dorsal wall aneurysms.