Intermittent Processing Research Articles

Investigation on intermittent flow characteristics in horizontal pipe by visualization measurement method

Accurate measurement and prediction of the intermittent flow characteristics in horizontal pipes is important for constructing multiphase flow models and ensuring pipe flow safety. In this paper, a quantitative image post-processing technique for intermittent flow characteristics based on gray histogram image similarity is proposed, which can realize the measurement of slug frequency. In addition, the technique also has the ability to classify a large number of images, and can quickly find the elongated bubble head, liquid film area and liquid slug area of intermittent flow. On the basis of this technique, combined with image post-processing methods such as gas–liquid interface feature analysis, a set of intermittent flow image processing technique with perfect route is formed. Based on this post-processing technique, the similarity image oscillation trajectories of plug flow and slug flow are obtained. There are differences in the similarity image oscillation trajectories of the two intermittent sub-flow patterns, and the similarity image of the plug flow has an obvious platform period and trailing rising line, which can be used as a basis for the classification of the two intermittent sub-flow patterns. A correlation for predicting the slug frequency of intermittent sub-flow patterns is developed. The accuracy of this slug frequency prediction correlation can be improved by about 10 % compared to not dividing the sub-flow patterns. When the mixture Froude number Frm is less than 5.0, the radial position of the elongated bubble head decreases linearly as the Frm increases. When the Frm is greater than 5.0, the elongated bubble head oscillates near the middle of the pipe. Prediction correlations for the radial position of the elongated bubble head and the slug velocity are established separately, and the maximum error is ± 10 %. The modified mixed Froude number is proposed, and based on this, a new prediction model for the transition from plug flow to slug flow is established.

Study on the Frying Performance Evaluation of Refined Soybean Oil after PLC Enzymatic Degumming.

It is known that phospholipase C (PLC) enzymatic degumming can hydrolyze phospholipids into diacylglycerol (DAG), which improves the efficiency of oil processing. However, it is unclear whether the presence of DAG and the use of enzymes affect the performance of the oil. This paper evaluated the frying performance of PLC-degummed refined soybean oil. Following the chicken wings and potato chips frying trials, results revealed that after 30 cycles of frying, free fatty acid (FFA) levels were 0.22% and 0.21%, with total polar compounds (TPC) at 23.75% and 24.00%, and peroxide value (PV) levels were 5.90 meq/kg and 6.45 meq/kg, respectively. Overall, PLC-degummed refined soybean oil showed almost the same frying properties as traditional water-degummed refined oil in terms of FFA, PV, TPC, polymer content, viscosity, color, foaming of frying oils, and appearance of foods. Moreover, FFA, TPC, polymer content, foaming, and color showed significant positive correlations with each other (p < 0.05) in soybean oil intermittent frying processing.

Performance of Intermittent Slow Sand Filter Processing Units in Treating Food Court Wastewater

Performance of Intermittent Slow Sand Filter Processing Units in Treating Food Court Wastewater

Effect of tool pin geometry and multi-pass intermittent friction stir processing on the surface properties of aerospace grade aluminium 7075 alloy

Multiple pass intermittent friction stir processing was conducted on the surface of an aerospace grade AA7075 alloy using pentagonal and hexagonal profiled pins and its microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed a defect-free cross-section with better material mixing for the specimens processed using pentagonal pin. Application of 6 intermittent friction stir processing passes reduced average grain size to 2.32 μm as a result of dynamic recrystallization. Texture index improved after 6 intermittent friction stir processing passes with a higher volume of deformation textures. Microhardness and tensile strength of the alloy increased to 125.5 HV, and 476 ± 10 MPa after 6 intermittent friction stir processing passes due to precipitation strengthening, grain refinement, and dislocation density. Fracture surface investigation revealed an intergranular mode of failure.

A bi-level model integrating planning and scheduling for the optimization of process operation and energy consumption of a PVC plant under uncertainty

PVC production by the calcium carbide method is a typical hybrid system consisting of continuous and intermittent processing, and the optimization of the whole process scheduling is of practical significance. Still, the existence of uncertain factors in the external environment and production process makes it challenging to continue to implement deterministic scheduling. This paper, therefore, proposes an integration model, the discrete-time method applied in the planning layer, and the chance-constrained programming used to deal with external uncertainties. The continuous-time modeling method based on event points is adopted in the scheduling layer, and the optimization of equipment-level operations with variable production rates is performed. Then, the data-driven robust optimization method is applied to deal with endogenous uncertainty based on the data-driven flexible uncertainty set. Finally, the results provide valuable guidance to improve the robustness and stability of the production system under uncertainty. The comparative results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model in total cost and energy consumption.

Development of a tool module for external intermittent grinding with the activation of the cutting fluid

An instrumental module for external circular grinding has been developed, using methods of intermittent processing with replaceable abrasive bars with a combined supply of coolant through the pores of the bars and through the channels between them, with its activation in special cavitation nozzles. Is to develop a method for circular external inter-mittent grinding and a tool module that ensures stable operation of the wheel and efficient supply of cutting fluid to the cutting zone. The tool module of the assembling grinding wheel has been developed, which provides the effect of intermittent grinding with the supply of cutting fluid through the abrasive bars and the gap between them.

New Insights into the Importance of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer: Future Clinical Approaches.

In mammals, a large part of the gene expression products come from the non-coding ribonucleotide sequences of the protein. These short and long sequences are within the range of tens to hundreds of nucleotides, encompassing more than 200 RNA molecules, and their function is known as the molecular structure of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNA molecules are unique nucleotides that have a substantial role in epigenetic regulation, transcription, and post-transcriptional modifications in different ways. According to the results of recent studies, lncRNAs have been shown to assume various roles, including tumor suppression or oncogenic functions in common types of cancer such as lung and breast cancer. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a pivotal role in activating transcription factors, managing the ribonucleoproteins, the framework for collecting co-proteins, intermittent processing regulations, chromatin status alterations, and maintaining the control within the cell. Cutting-edge technologies have been introduced to disclose several types of lncRNAs within the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which have accomplished important achievements that are applicable in medicine. Due to these efforts, various data centers have been created to facilitate and modify scientific information related to these molecules, including detection, classification, biological evolution, gene status, spatial structure, status, and location of these small molecules. In the present study, we attempt to present the impacts of these ncRNAs on lung cancer with an emphasis on their mechanisms and functions.

Design and research of uranium-containing wastewater treatment equipment based on new organometallic framework materials (MOF-808)

With the significant increase in the amount of natural uranium mining in various countries around the world, a large amount of waste rocks are piled up in the tailings pond. If the uranium-containing wastewater is not treated, it will bring serious environmental problems. After related experiments in the laboratory, it is measured that the adsorption rate of high-tech products-MOF-808 material to uranium ions can reach 97% (the optimal pH=7.0, and the optimal dosage is 0.2mg/L). It can be used as a good adsorption material. Based on the high-efficiency selective adsorption of this material to uranium, a set of equipment using MOF-808 was designed in this paper. This device adopts improved intermittent processing, high integration and automation level, and small floor space. According to the desorption characteristics of the material, a simple membrane cleaning method is designed to recover high-concentration uranium-containing cleaning liquid, which greatly reduces the amount of mud and can produce considerable economic benefits. In addition, cleaning and operation can be carried out at the same time, realizing continuous uranium-containing wastewater treatment, which meets the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, and is beneficial to the construction of green mines.

A Multilayer Neural Networks Supervised Learning Algorithm Based Energy-Efficient VLSI Processor Design

Neural networks are abstract structures modeled by the brain to store evidence in the form of spikes. When introduced in VLSI circuits, neural networks are supposed to have new computer processing methods and economically viable computer simulations. We suggest a novel set of training examples for neural nets spatial and temporal coding in this article. In just this procedure, going through the roof neuronal is programmed to promote analogue VLSI applications with resistor analogue memory, from which incredible energy consumption can be accomplished. Can also suggest many strategies to boost efficiency on a model training and prove that the proposed method’s SVM classifier is as high as it was for the retrained dataset’s province temporal coding Computational Intelligence algorithms. Incorporating the developed framework can even recommend very massive circuit boards. The frequency analogue circuits utilize intermittent processing to reimburse capacitance processes, unlike the traditional analogue voltage and current type circuitry being used compute-in-memory circuits. Even though connectors lacking operating amps can still be constructed, it can also be controlled with incredibly low energy consumption. Finally, the preservation of the designed highlights algorithms toward alterations from the system’s production phase and is inevitable in analogue VLSI deployment.

Relationship between acoustic indices, length of recordings and processing time: a methodological test

Ecoacoustic approaches have the potential to provide rapid biodiversity assessments and avoid costly fieldwork. Their use in biodiversity studies for improving management and conservation of natural landscapes has grown considerably in recent years. Standardised methods for sampling acoustic information that deliver reliable and consistent results within and between ecosystems are still lacking. Sampling frequency and duration are particularly important considerations because shorter, intermittent recordings mean recorder batteries last longer and data processing is less computationally intensive, but a smaller proportion of the available soundscape is sampled. Here, we compare acoustic indices and processing time for subsamples of increasing duration clipped from 94 one-hour recordings, to test how different acoustic indices behave, in order to identify the minimum sample length required. Our results suggest that short recordings distributed across the survey period accurately represent acoustic patterns, while optimizing data collection and processing. ACI and H are the most stable indices, showing an ideal sampling schedule of ten 1-minute samples in an hour. Although ADI, AEI and NDSI well represent acoustic patterns under the same sampling schedule, these are more robust under continuous recording formats. Such targeted subsampling could greatly reduce data storage and computational power requirements in large-scale and long-term projects.

Tempura

Incremental processing is widely-adopted in many applications, ranging from incremental view maintenance, stream computing, to recently emerging progressive data warehouse and intermittent query processing. Despite many algorithms developed on this topic, none of them can produce an incremental plan that always achieves the best performance, since the optimal plan is data dependent. In this paper, we develop a novel cost-based optimizer framework, called Tempura, for optimizing incremental data processing. We propose an incremental query planning model called TIP based on the concept of time-varying relations, which can formally model incremental processing in its most general form. We give a full specification of Tempura, which can not only unify various existing techniques to generate an optimal incremental plan, but also allow the developer to add their rewrite rules. We study how to explore the plan space and search for an optimal incremental plan. We evaluate Tempura in various incremental processing scenarios to show its effectiveness and efficiency.

The mixed production mode considering continuous and intermittent processing for an energy-efficient hybrid flow shop scheduling

Abstract Energy-saving scheduling in forging production has attracted increasing attention because of the advances in sustainable manufacturing technologies. The unit energy consumption of forging production equipment is significantly higher than that of other general manufacturing equipment. Employing efficient and energy-saving scheduling methods can significantly reduce the energy consumption in forging production. However, the relationship between heating furnace and other equipment in forging production is complicated, resulting in few studies on energy-saving scheduling problem for forging production line. Thus, the energy-efficient hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with forging operations (EHFSP-FO) was investigated in this research. First, the production mode considering multiple time factors and mixed production was established. The mixed production mode consisted of continuous processing with variable parameters and intermittent processing. Then, a novel mathematical model considering makespan and energy consumption was constructed based on the mixed production mode for the proposed problem, and a new rule to identify the optimum transportation sequence and time was formulated. Furthermore, the population and major operators were designed and applied to an evolutionary algorithm by weighted sum approach. The scheduling results were achieved based on the real-world process data for different types of ring forgings to verify the feasibility of the established mathematical model. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed mathematical model can be used to identify the optimal schedule considering makespan and energy consumption simultaneously.

A theta rhythm in macaque visual cortex and its attentional modulation

Theta rhythms govern rodent sniffing and whisking, and human language processing. Human psychophysics suggests a role for theta also in visual attention. However, little is known about theta in visual areas and its attentional modulation. We used electrocorticography (ECoG) to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from areas V1, V2, V4, and TEO of two macaque monkeys performing a selective visual attention task. We found a ≈4-Hz theta rhythm within both the V1-V2 and the V4-TEO region, and theta synchronization between them, with a predominantly feedforward directed influence. ECoG coverage of large parts of these regions revealed a surprising spatial correspondence between theta and visually induced gamma. Furthermore, gamma power was modulated with theta phase. Selective attention to the respective visual stimulus strongly reduced these theta-rhythmic processes, leading to an unusually strong attention effect for V1. Microsaccades (MSs) were partly locked to theta. However, neuronal theta rhythms tended to be even more pronounced for epochs devoid of MSs. Thus, we find an MS-independent theta rhythm specific to visually driven parts of V1-V2, which rhythmically modulates local gamma and entrains V4-TEO, and which is strongly reduced by attention. We propose that the less theta-rhythmic and thereby more continuous processing of the attended stimulus serves the exploitation of this behaviorally most relevant information. The theta-rhythmic and thereby intermittent processing of the unattended stimulus likely reflects the ecologically important exploration of less relevant sources of information.

Wearable blood flowmeter appcessory with low-power laser Doppler signal processing for daily-life healthcare monitoring.

A new appcessory for monitoring peripheral blood flow in daily life consists of a wearable laser Doppler sensor device and a cooperating smart phone application. Bluetooth Low Energy connects them wirelessly. The sensor device features ultralight weight of 15 g and an intermittent signal processing technique that reduces power consumption to only 7 mW at measurement intervals of 0.1 s. These features enable more than 24-h continuous monitoring of peripheral blood flow in daily life, which can provide valuable vital-sign information for healthcare services.

An Theoretical Study of the EDM Electrolytic Intermittent Grinding Compound Processing

Based on processing speed and processing accuracy for difficult-to-machine materials, this paper presents a new MEEC processing method, is based on the basic of MEEC increase on-process dressing grinding wheel, grinding wheel non conductive parts won't jam pore, the abrasive dust adhered to the grinding wheel continues to be removed, the grinding wheel always remain sharp, strengthened the grinding effect, greatly improving the grinding efficiency.

Tutty Fruity Carrot by the Thermal Processing and Osmotic Dehydration – Standardization of Technology

Carrot is one of the most important staple vegetable. Carrots are known by champion scarlet horn, early gem, new red intermediate, long orange, half long scarlet and chant nary etc… carrot is a good source of Vitamin-A. And the most important elements are  - carotene, Alpha carotene and phytochemicals from these 3 elements are present in carrot and Therapeutics of carrot benefit the human health. The present study is an attempt to standardize the technology for developing vitamin- A rich carrot 'tutty fruity' through osmotic dehydration process using high sugar concentration and with intermittent thermal processing procedures such as blanching and hot air oven drying. Carrot tutty fruity developed was highly acceptable, as assessed from the organoleptic evaluation of the product by a group of trained panel members. Carrots are available throughout the year. It is easily digestible both as cooked and raw form and provides  - carotene which is precursor for the synthesis of vitamin-A that prevents eye diseases and it is a food available at moderate cost. Carrot tutty fruity with its attractive colour can have great utilitarian value in desserts, confectioneries, sweets and special cuisine. Being a preserved food, tutty fruity has increased shelf life and does require refrigeration conditions for storage.

Wavelet analysis of passive temperature in a turbulent cylinder wake(Retracted Article)

A wavelet multi-resolution technique is applied to analysing the temperature field simultaneously obtained by a rake of 16 cold-wires in the turbulent near-wake of a slightly heated circular cylinder with a diameter of d = 12.7 mm in a range of x/d from 3 to 20, where x is the downstream distance from the cylinder axis. This technique enables us to decompose the fluctuating temperature field into a number of wavelet components based on different characteristic frequency bandwidths or scales, which are representative of the temperature fields of different scales. The turbulent mixing characteristics of various fluctuating scales are examined in terms of instantaneous temperature contours of each wavelet component. The flow structures and intermittent processing of various scales are visualized. The streamwise evolutions of temperature variance of various scales suggest that the intermediate-scale structures make larger contribution to the total temperature than the large- and small-scale structures. The wavelet auto-correlation function indicates that the large- and intermediate-scale structures display larger correlation and the wavelet component of higher frequency loses coherence quickly.

Effect of microstructural inhomogeneity on superplastic behaviour of multipass friction stir processed aluminium alloy

Microstructures required for superplasticity were fabricated by intermittent multipass friction stir processing (FSP) in a 6mm 5086 aluminium alloy plate. Two processing parameters corresponding to two different heat inputs were used. Multipass FSP created a gradient microstructure with fine and coarse grain-depth features on the processed plates. Three sheets of 1.5mm thickness with different microstructural features were extracted for deformation testing under superplastic conditions: a layer with only fine grains from the nugget layer (NL), a layer with a thermomechanical-/heat-affected layer containing coarse grains (TL), and a composite layer (CL) having both fine and coarse grains in equal proportions. High temperature tensile testing was conducted for different layers between 450–550°C with strain rates ranging from 5×10−4s−1 to 1×10−2s−1 to determine the optimum superplastic conditions. The NL and CL were comparable in terms of ductility with a high m value of 0.44. The maximum ductility values were 325% for NL, 355% for CL and 230% for TL. The high ductility of the composite layers, despite their microstructural inhomogeneity, establishes multipass FSP as an effective bulk processing technique.

Study on the High-Efficiency Smoothness Grinding of Soft Magnetic Powder Cores

Soft magnetic powder cores are materials manufactured by pressing pure iron powder covered with insulating film into shape. These are widely known soft magnetic materials which are used as essential electromagnetic conversion parts in automobiles and household appliances. In recent years, demand for higher magnetic properties and dimensional precision has been growing with respect to soft magnetic powder cores. It has therefore become necessary to develop a high-efficiency, high-precision finishing method. The issues to be addressed with regard to this kind of method are: (1) the pure iron used in these materials displays ductility resulting in burring and cohesion to machining tools, (2) these materials are green compacts with low binding forces between powder particles and high tendencies towards cracking and gouging, and (3) these materials possess residual pores at levels of several percent thus resulting in microscopically intermittent processing which causes heavy machining tool wear. We have solved these issues through the development of a super-smooth finishing method designed for soft magnetic powder cores.

Multipass Friction-Stir Processing and its Effect on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 5086

Twelve-pass friction stir processing (FSP), with 50 pct overlap was carried out on aluminum alloy 5086-O rolled plates to obtain total area of 40 × 150 mm2. Two methods of friction-stir processing, intermittent multipass friction stir processing (IMP), and continuous multipass stir processing (CMP) were carried out, and their effect on the mechanical properties of the processed material was studied. The results revealed that material subjected to IMP showed better mechanical properties compared with the material subjected to CMP. Also, a variation in mechanical properties was observed with an increase in the tool traverse speed for single-pass, CMP, and IMP types of processing.