Intermediate Qualifications Research Articles

KAJIAN PELAKSANAAN KETENTUAN MINIMAL KONTRAK ANTARA PENGGUNA DAN PENYEDIA JASA KONSTRUKSI BERDASARKAN UUJK 2/2017

Construction contracts in Indonesia must meet the minimum regulatory points as mandated in Law No.2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services (UUJK 2/2017). The purpose of this regulation is to ensure that the structure of the construction service business in Indonesia guarantees equal rights and obligations between cooperating parties. The results of the preliminary study in UUJK 2/2017, did not find any form of supervision and sanctions for not fulfilling the minimum points so that it has the potential to cause insecurity of the parties' equality. This study aims to describe the efforts of the parties in drafting and the inclusion of minimum points in the contract. The method used is interviews with intermediate qualification contractors in Purbalingga and Banyumas Regencies (case study) and reviewing contract samples regarding the minimum points that must fulfill under UUJK 2/2017. The results showed that the efforts of the parties in drafting the terms of the contract were quite good with the contract drafting mechanism from service users. The service provider then observes and provides input in the form of corrections, deletions, or additional provisions and then negotiated with the service user to be decided together. The percentage of the inclusion of 16 points of the minimum contract provisions is 89.47% of the 19 contract samples. 2 regulatory points are not fulfilled as significant, namely related to building failure and environmental aspects with a percentage of 84.21%. The information obtained is supposed to provide an overview in applying the relevant regulations and theirderivatives.
 Keywords: construction contract; minimum contract provision; UUJK 2/2017

The relationship between the leadership role and the cultural variables of the natural leaders in the countryside of Qena governorate, Egypt

The research aims to identify the perceptive role of natural leaders on the importance of the problem of water pollution and work to solve it by disseminating a culture of modern treatments and using nanotechnology applications to solve that problem, and the nature of the variables studied, and the field study was conducted to search in the village of Kalahin Abnud in Qena governorate, Egypt and the population of the village is 334 thousand people The descriptive analytical method was used, and the mean, iterations, percentages and simple correlation coefficient were used in the statistical analysis. The most important results of the research were as follows: 1. The majority of individuals in the study sample fall into the category of (20-39) years, although they are opinion leaders, and 36.1% are over sixty years, while 23.3% of the total sample falls in the age group (40-59 years). 2. The vast majority of the respondents are married. 3. The highest percentage of natural leaders who hold an above average qualification is 26.7%, followed by a higher qualification by 20%, the intermediate qualification 20%, and the preparatory 18.7 followed by reading and writing 13.3%, and finally the illiterate 1.3%. 4. That most of the sample population 91.3% have a high degree of understanding and awareness of the meaning of leadership and service to the people, and that only 2% who do not have an awareness of the meaning of leadership. 5. About 37.4% of the total respondents fall in the high category to educate residents about the problems of water pollution. 6. That the degree of the leadership’s role in knowing and educating the people about water pollution was 37.4% of the leaders playing a highly conveyed role in communicating information to the people, and that 52.6% contribute a moderate degree, only 10% contribute a low degree and this is a satisfactory result.

إدارة الذات وعلاقتها بمهارات إتخاذ القرار لدى مدیرى المدارس فى ضوء بعض المتغیرات (النوع ، سنوات الخبرة ، المستوى التعلیمى)

أهداف البحث : - التعرف على العلاقة بين إدارة الذات ومهارات إتخاذ القرار لدى مديرى المدارس. - التعرف على الفروق بين مديرى المدارس فى إدارة الذات التى تعزى (للنوع ، سنوات الخبرة ، المستوى التعليمى). - التعرف على الفروق بين مديرى المدارس فى مهارات إتخاذ القرار التى تعزى (للنوع ، سنوات الخبرة ، المستوى التعليمى). المنهج المستخدم : المنهج الوصفى الإرتباطى عينة البحث : (200) مدير ومديرة أدوات البحث : - مقياس إدارة الذات إعداد الدکتورة / هويدة حنفى محمود - مقياس إتخاذ القرارات إعداد / الباحثة التحليل الإحصائى : تم باستخدام برنامج الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم النفسية والتربوية ، لإستخراج النتائج وإثبات فروض البحث (spss). نتائج البحث : - توجد علاقة عکسية دالة إحصائيا بين الدرجة الکلية لإدارة الذات والدرجة الکلية لمهارات اتخاذ القرار. - وجود فروق دالة إحصائيابين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في إدارة الذاتفى إتجاه (الذکور) . - وجود فروق دالة إحصائيابين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في متغير إدارة الذات تعزى لعدد سنوات الخبرة (مرتفعة- منخفضة) فى إتجاه مرتفعي الخبرة. -عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في إدارة الذات تعزى للمستوى التعليمي (مؤهل عالي- مؤهل متوسط) . - وجود فروق دالة إحصائيابين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في الدرجة الکلية لإتخاذ القرار فى(المهارات الشخصية - المهارات الإجتماعية) فى إتجاه (الذکور). -عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيابين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في (المهارات الإدارية–حل المشکلات) تعزى للنوع (ذکور-اناث). - وجود فروق دالة إحصائيابين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في الدرجة الکلية لمهارات اتخاذ القرار و(المهارات الشخصية) فى إتجاه مرتفعى الخبرة . -عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في (المهارات الإدارية - المهارات الإجتماعية- حل المشکلات) تعزى لعدد سنوات الخبرة (مرتفعة- منخفضة). - عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات مديري المدارس في مهارات اتخاذ القرارتعزى للمستوى التعليمى (مؤهل عالى – مؤهل متوسط) . Research aims : - To reveal the relationship between self-management and decision-making among school principals. - Disclose the differences between the principals of schools in self-management that are attributed (for gender, years of experience, educational level). - Detecting the differences between school principals in the decision-making skills that are attributed to (gender, years of experience, educational level). -Design a tool to measure decision-making skills for school principals. The curriculum used: the descriptive approach Research sample: (200) male and female managers Research tools : -Self Management Scale prepared by Dr. / Huwaida Hanafi Mahmoud - Decision making scale prepared / researcher Statistical analysis: Using the statistical packages program for psychological and educational sciences, to extract the results and prove the research hypotheses (spss). Research results : -There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between the overall score for self-management and the overall score for decision-making skills. - There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in self-management towards (males). - There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in the self-management variable due to the number of years of experience (high - low) towards those with high experience. -There were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in the knowledge management of the educational level (high qualification - intermediate qualification). - There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in the total degree for decision-making in (personal skills - social skills) towards (males). - There were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in (administrative skills - problem solving) due to gender (male - female). - There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals. -There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in (administrative skills - social skills - problem solving) due to the number of years of experience (high - low). - There were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of school principals in decision-making skills due to the educational level (high qualification - intermediate qualification).

EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE TOURIST SECTOR AS AN INSTITUTION FOR RUSSIAN DESTINATIONS DEVELOPMENT

Adaptation of the best practices of the extensive and nationally specific European experience in the field of measurement of qualifications becomes particularly appropriate as there is some delay in the development of Russian scientific, practical and methodological approaches to the national qualifications framework. At the same time, the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the fast-growing tourist sector is becoming chronic, and the results of creating tourist clusters are ambiguous, with a large share of failures in the implementation of master plans for territorial tourism development. In this regard, the acceleration of the development of a structured measurement of qualifications in the form of a national qualifications framework becomes demanded not only to achieve greater maturity and effectiveness of the Russian educational and professional systems in the tourism sector, but also as a common institution for the strategic development of Russian destinations in training areas, technologies, competencies and the innovation potential of the tourism and hospitality industry. The projects of the European Commission ERASMUS+ are one of the effective network channels for the development of national and international expertise in structural measures to optimize educational systems, and in particular, to compare and develop systems, matrices frameworks for qualifications. The article represents an attempt to highlight how the implementation of a structured project in the field of qualifications can correspond both to general progressive trends in the evolution of educational systems and to the overall objectives of territorial tourist development. As a conceptual result, the authors identify six mid-term and six long-term effects of the developments of a national qualifications framework that directly and indirectly provide beneficial outcomes within the development of Russian destinations through improving the focus of retraining and advanced training programs, enhancing lifelong learning, promoting labor mobility in the tourism sector, successful validation of informal education, wider circulation of partial and intermediate qualifications in the tourism and hospitality industry. Adjacent to this issue is the problem of the relationship between the development of educational clusters in the tourism sector and the national qualifications framework, on the one hand, and tourism clusters, on the other, the consideration of which is also presented in this article.

EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE TOURIST SECTOR AS AN INSTITUTION FOR RUSSIAN DESTINATIONS DEVELOPMENT

Adaptation of the best practices of the extensive and nationally specific European experience in the field of measurement of qualifications becomes particularly appropriate as there is some delay in the development of Russian scientific, practical and methodological approaches to the national qualifications framework. At the same time, the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the fast-growing tourist sector is becoming chronic, and the results of creating tourist clusters are ambiguous, with a large share of failures in the implementation of master plans for territorial tourism development. In this regard, the acceleration of the development of a structured measurement of qualifications in the form of a national qualifications framework becomes demanded not only to achieve greater maturity and effectiveness of the Russian educational and professional systems in the tourism sector, but also as a common institution for the strategic development of Russian destinations in training areas, technologies, competencies and the innovation potential of the tourism and hospitality industry. The projects of the European Commission ERASMUS+ are one of the effective network channels for the development of national and international expertise in structural measures to optimize educational systems, and in particular, to compare and develop systems, matrices frameworks for qualifications. The article represents an attempt to highlight how the implementation of a structured project in the field of qualifications can correspond both to general progressive trends in the evolution of educational systems and to the overall objectives of territorial tourist development. As a conceptual result, the authors identify six mid-term and six long-term effects of the developments of a national qualifications framework that directly and indirectly provide beneficial outcomes within the development of Russian destinations through improving the focus of retraining and advanced training programs, enhancing lifelong learning, promoting labor mobility in the tourism sector, successful validation of informal education, wider circulation of partial and intermediate qualifications in the tourism and hospitality industry. Adjacent to this issue is the problem of the relationship between the development of educational clusters in the tourism sector and the national qualifications framework, on the one hand, and tourism clusters, on the other, the consideration of which is also presented in this article.

Interstate migration and human capital formation in Brazil

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of interstate migration of individuals with different qualification levels on human capital formation in the migrant’s place of origin.Design/methodology/approachA dynamic panel model with data from the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD)), between 2001 and 2013, is used.FindingsThe results indicate that the migration of high-skilled people boosts school attendance in fifth grade elementary school and first year high school, but it does not affect the levels of those entering first year in higher education. However, the migration of low-skilled workers discourages people from entering higher education, as those living in less developed areas do not need higher education qualifications to get higher incomes. Thus, they migrate to developed areas with the education levels they already have. The brain gain hypothesis is not, therefore, confirmed in the context of higher education attendance.Originality/valueThis paper’s contribution is its investigation into the effect of interstate migration on human capital formation in Brazil, through testing the brain gain hypothesis in a national context. In addition, it also analyzes the impact of the migration of people of low and intermediate qualification levels on human capital, with a view to verifying if the mobility of people with other levels of qualification could discourage the formation of human capital.

AN ECONOMIC STUDY ON THE USE OF TREATED WASTEWATER IN FOREST FARMING - AN APPLIED STUDY ON SARABIUM FOREST, ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE

The study aims to study a proposed economic study for the use of treated wastewater cultivation of wood forests and to benefit from their production in many industries. The treatment of wastewater and its use for irrigation is an important option for the water source, The nutrients needed by plants are fertilizer, and the re-use of treated wastewater is one of the most widely used water-use methods due to the decline in fresh water. The use of non-traditional water resources is one of the main tasks of all those interested in development in Egypt, through the expansion of agriculture in the Sahara Desert for the production of timber to increase the burden on the import bill and add new land outside the valley and delta without using traditional water sources for irrigation. The researchers followed the descriptive method in the analysis by means of data, information and statistics related to the subject of the study. The sample items were distributed according to gender (males,females), Educationallevel (university qualification above, intermediate qualification, intermediate and lower qualification, illiteracy),age group and administrative level (higher, middle, executive), And the number of (150) single. The statistical method was used to select the measuring tools and verify the validity of the hypotheses using the appropriate statistical methods and to derive the results by interpreting them. The main Results of this study are: 1. Utilization of treated water in the field of woodland forestry produces economic, social and environmental benefits that contribute to the sustainable development of marginal and untapped desert areas. 2. Wastewater management can be improved through improved institutional policies and financial mechanisms. The main recommendations of the study: 1. Encouraging investment in the cultivation of woodland forests and presenting the proposed models to investors. 2. The need to expand the establishment of purification plants and treatment of wastewater for reuse as a non-conventional source of water in accordance with their quality and so as not to cause any health or environmental damage so as not to be affected by human health and then its productivity.

Iseult/INUMAC Whole Body 11.7 T MRI Magnet

A new innovative whole body 11.7 T MRI magnet is currently being manufactured at Belfort as part of the Iseult/Inumac project, a French–German initiative focused on very high magnetic-field molecular imaging. It will be installed in a neuroscience research center with other very high field MRI equipment, operating in France at CEA Saclay since November 2006. This actively shielded magnet system, manufactured from an NbTi superconductor, will generate a homogeneous field level of 11.75 T within a 90-cm warm bore. The design was cross checked and verified by Siemens Healthcare MR. After six years of activities, the fabrication is nearly completed at Belfort. The Iseult magnet will be delivered to CEA in the coming months and the commissioning phase will start in the beginning of 2017. The manufacturing steps recently completed are presented. This especially includes intermediate qualification tests, superconducting coils integration in the cold mass structure, and closure up of the helium vessel. Finally, an overall status of the commissioning and tests of the ancillary equipment at the site is presented.

A quick and efficient measurement technique for performance evaluation of thermoelectric materials

Evaluating the performance of thermoelectric (TE) materials is critical for developing an efficient long lasting thermoelectric generator. Various parameters like resistance, TE power, TE efficiency as a function of temperature and time play an important role in developing and optimizing TE materials and legs. If one needs to evaluate the TE legs for performance or contact metallization optimization, study of a brazed or packaged device everytime could prove to be an expensive, time consuming process especially as a quick intermediate qualification. In this work, a simple approach that uses eutectic Gallium Indium (Ga–In) paste as a metallizing substitute with good electrical/thermal contact is employed which also avoids the need for brazing/welding (or any permanent joining) and provides a reliable platform for a quick leg qualification. Using open circuit voltage (Voc) and device voltage (Vd), one can evaluate important TE quantities like peak power, material resistance changes, peak current and power versus current characteristics to understand the leg performance. The proposed approach is successfully demonstrated with three different TE material systems namely Bismuth Telluride, Skutterudite and Half Heusler systems.

Skilled German Migrants and Their Motives for Migration Within Europe

German migration within Europe has so far received little attention from researchers. This is especially true of migrants with intermediate qualifications (vocational training, technical school, master craftsman’s certificate). The present contribution is devoted to this phenomenon and examines the reasons why people belonging to this particular group migrate. To do this we pick up on central theoretical arguments in migration research, on the basis of which we examine the relevance of economic and social factors for Germans who migrate within Europe. It emerges that, empirically, for Germans with intermediate qualifications, economic factors are crucial. In particular, unemployment, low or falling wages, as well as poor working conditions in Germany constitute important push factors, while job offers, higher wages and better working conditions in the destination countries constitute the main pull factors. In comparison, social networks are less important factors in migration, since only in a few cases did the interviewees have solid contacts abroad. The empirical results of the study are based on the analysis of available population statistics and 40 problem-centred, biographical interviews carried out between October 2006 and April 2007 in various regions of Germany (Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen, Lower Saxony, Berlin).

Determinants and Pathways of Progression to Level 2 Qualifications: Evidence from the NCDS and BHPS

The commitment of the government to improving the education of the workforce has been emphasized both in the Five Year Strategy for Children and Learners of the Department for Education and Skills (DFES, 2004) and in the recently published Leitch Review, which calls for the UK to be a world leader in skills. However, our understanding of the characteristics and motivations of individuals who participate in level 2 courses is limited. This report aims to address this issue, describing the characteristics of people who return to learning to take level 2 qualifications and their pathways to progression. The research draws on two nationally representative longitudinal studies, the National Child Development Survey (NCDS) and the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Our results showed that adults who gained a level 2 qualification were more likely than those who did not to have been engaged and relatively successful in a range of learning activities at earlier ages, including learning during childhood, staying in education during adolescence and undertaking courses leading and not leading to qualifications during adulthood. We further found that socioeconomic constraints in adulthood may be less of a barrier to progression than is often believed, and less influential than other factors. Finally, pathways to progression are extremely varied. While the majority of those who achieved level 2 in adulthood did so by obtaining lower level qualifications prior to, or simultaneously with, level 2, not all did so. In particular, it is notable that a large proportion of those achieving level 2 from a base of no qualifications did so without obtaining any intermediate qualifications.

Temporary Help Agencies and Occupational Mobility*

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects of Temporary Help Agencies (THA) on occupational mobility by performing an empirical comparison of the job‐to‐job upgrading chances of agency and regular (non‐agency) workers in Spain. We estimate a switching regression model to allow for self‐selection into agency work because of, for instance, more motivated workers being more likely to search for jobs through a THA. We find evidence in favour of the existence of self‐selection in all qualification groups considered. Concerning mobility, we find that agency workers in intermediate qualification levels are less likely to experience demotions than regular workers. THA increase the probability of high‐skilled workers achieving a permanent contract in Spain.

Physicians’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards erectile dysfunction in Saudi Arabia

We aimed to test the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of physicians towards erectile dysfunction in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. At a scientific meeting about erectile dysfunction, 159 physicians from both government and private sectors answered a 34-item questionnaire in private. The mean total KAP score for the group was below the expected standard of 60%. Male physicians scored significantly higher than females. Urologists scored the highest, followed by andrologists. Surprisingly, physicians with higher qualifications scored lower than those with intermediate qualifications and even less than general practitioners. Those who had practised for > or = 10 years scored better than those with < 10 years practice. The role of cardiologists in the diagnosis and management of erectile dysfunction is discussed.

A Postgraduate Clinical Pharmacy Programme in Ghana

We describe pharmacy training in Ghana with an emphasis on postgraduate clinical pharmacy education in the country. The Ghanaian clinical pharmacy programme was compared with the Robert Gordon University pre-1999 clinical pharmacy course because of the historical links between the two programmes. The course is delivered by distance learning over two years supplemented with one day residential tutorial pro- grammes conducted by practising pharmacists and physicians. The course is open to pharmacy graduates with at least three years work experience. Successful candidates are awarded M.Sc degrees in clinical pharmacy. There are no exit points for intermediate qualifications. Baseline data is being collected to be used to measure the impact of our programme on pharmacy practice. Clinical pharmacy practice can only make a significant impact on health delivery in Ghana if there are enough working clinical pharmacists. Continuous staff development, recruitment and functional links with other schools of pharmacy are priorities in our efforts to keep pace with current trends in pharmacy education.

Qualifications in the German construction industry: stocks, flows and comparisons with the British construction sector

The paper provides an overview of qualifications in the German construction workforce and draws comparisons with the situation in the British construction industry. The German system of general education and vocational training is outlined. Data from a variety of sources are used to describe both the stocks and the flows of qualifications in the German construction workforce. Particular attention is paid to vocational qualifications, such as apprenticeships and the Meister qualification. Key findings are that the majority of German construction workers are qualified up to apprenticeship level, and that most of these employees have achieved a general schooling certificate from at least a lower secondary school prior to their vocational training. These factors are taken as signs of strength of the German construction workforce. Comparisons between the stocks of qualifications in the construction industry in the two countries suggest that intermediate qualifications of the apprenticeship type are far less prevalent in the British construction workforce.

Development of Education and Continuing Professional Development Strategy

SUMMARYThis report outlines proposals for the development of the Education and CPD strategy of the profession.The first part of the report gives an introduction to the key issues which have been considered in developing the strategy. The main part of the report describes the proposed model and the rationale behind various aspects of the proposed model. In particular, there is a commentary on how key issues have been addressed.The report has been discussed at a joint meeting of both Councils, and has received support for further development along the broad lines indicated. The key emphasis is on evolution from our present strategy. The report is now being issued for wider discussion by the profession.Comments are particularly sought on the following issues:(1) Is it necessary to specifically assess detailed country-specific legislation and regulation in any subject prior to Fellowship, or is it appropriate to assess this at Stage 3 through the problem solving activity as proposed in the paper?(2) How useful will it be to members to seek intermediate qualifications from the Privy Council?(3) Should the profession look to increasing the range of assessment methods used?(4) The Fellowship qualification is defined as the level of an embryo actuary. How do we encourage actuaries to gain enhanced skills during the CPD stage?(5) Is the approach to specialisation appropriate?

Proposals for an Associate Degree ‐ the search for the ‘missing link’ of British higher education

Abstract This paper revisits debates about the place of an intermediate qualification in British higher education and suggests that arguments can be revitalised to meet the criticisms of earlier proposals. The paper maintains that a suitably defined interim award remains necessary for the establishment of a national qualifications framework facilitating student choice and progression, and as a vehicle to deliver the next stage of expansion in higher education and beyond. Support for an ‘Associate Degree’ is likely to depend on characteristics which offer advantages to students and their employers, making it different from previous proposals and other international versions.

Topics

An additional qualification in a spectrum of qualifications available throughout continuing education,’ is the diploma of higher education as envisaged by the study group set up by the CNAA, Open University and the Committee of Vice‐Chancellors and Principals to prepare guidelines for the proposed new award. Chaired by Dr Walter Perry of the Open University, the study group last month reported emphasising the increasing need for flexibility in higher and further education so that the individual can move in and out of the system to suit himself and his career needs, ‘The growth and development of modular teaching programmes and the extension of opportunities for intermediate qualifications are necessary steps in progressing towards this goal,’ says the report.

Secondary Specialized Education under the New Conditions

Abstract The September (1965) Plenary Meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU not only replaced forms of industrial management which had exhausted their possibilities, but also put a new content into them and instilled in the new form Leninist principles of material stimulation and genuine cost accounting. The Plenary Meeting simultaneously touched on a large range of other complex economic, social and political questions. One of them is the problem of training personnel with intermediate qualifications.

A Chapter on Limits

The course of study pursued by very many boys in secondary schools who take an advanced course after matriculation is governed by the syllabus of the intermediate examination of a degree in a university other than those of Oxford and Cambridge. In London those boys who intend to specialise in mathematics generally take physics and chemistry as well. It is clear that physics is a valuable complementary study for the mathematical specialist, but it is not so clear that chemistry is. It is a pity that the intermediate qualification cannot be obtained on a syllabus in mathematics a good deal more advanced than the present one, coupled with the present syllabus in physics.