Interlayer Bond Research Articles

Effect of molecular weight on mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D printed poly(ether ether ketone)

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) has been successfully applied to the manufacturing of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) special engineering plastics. However, due to the unavoidable defects caused by FDM technology and the high melt viscosity of PEEK, 3D printed PEEK parts have poor mechanical properties. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructure of PEEK printed with different nozzle temperatures and having various molecular weights were researched in detail. The results showed that PEEK‐033G with medium molecular weight had good fluidity. With a nozzle temperature of 410 °C and using a high‐temperature chamber 3D printing system, the defects of 3D printed PEEK‐033G were reduced significantly, and the tensile strength and flexural strength could reach 96 and 115 MPa, which is close to the performance obtained using injection molding. In addition, the tensile strength in the Z‐axis direction was applied to characterize the interlayer bond strength. With a decrease of the viscosity of PEEK, an increase of interlayer bond strength ensued. It is expected that these findings could provide more insight for 3D printing of PEEK. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Effect of Structural Build-Up on Interlayer Bond Strength of 3D Printed Cement Mortars.

Understanding the relationship between the intrinsic characteristics of materials (such as rheological properties and structural build-up) and printability and controlling intrinsic characteristics of materials through additives to achieve excellent printability is vital in digital concrete additive manufacturing. This paper aims at studying the effects of material’s structural build-up on the interlayer bond strength of 3DPC with different time gaps. Structural build-up can indirectly affect the interlayer bond strength by affecting the surface moisture of concrete. Based on the structural build-up of 3DPC, a new parameter, maximum operational time (MOT), is proposed, which can be considered as the limit of time gap to ensure high interlayer bond strength. Slump-retaining polycarboxylate superplasticizer (TS) slightly slows down the physical flocculation rate, but increases the maximum operational time of the cement paste. Nano clay significantly increases the sort-term structural build-up rate and has the function of internal curing and water retaining. Composite with nano-clay and TS can reduce the loss of surface moisture of 3D printed layers, prevent the formation of interface weak layer, and increase the interlayer bond strength between printed layers. This contribution can provide new insight into the design of 3D-printed ink with good extrudability, outstanding buildability, and excellent interlayer bond strength.

Weak inter-layer bonding in extrusion 3D concrete printing: a comparative analysis of mitigation techniques

Recently, there has been meaningful progress towards the construction three-dimensional printing (3DP) of concrete (3DCP). However, weak inter-layer bonding (ILB) in extrusion 3DCP is a constraint that can critically influence the mechanical capacities, the stability of the structures, and durability. Various techniques have been proposed to mitigate weak ILB. Though, these techniques do not systematically address the basic causes of weak ILB and display inconsistency of the results. Additionally, the scope of the testing has been rather limited. Here, an approach for the mitigation of weak ILB is proposed, as part of ongoing research. It is based on stabilizer mortars (SMs) of varying mix compositions, according to the printing time interval (TI). This study compares mitigation techniques based on the statistical analysis (Chebyshev theorem, T-test, and standard error) of the test data against a 90% confidence interval. The proposed technique demonstrated peak mitigation of weak ILB with less variation in test results at extended TI up to 120 min. Besides efficacy, the simplicity of the technique i.e. practicality of the method and the materials cost, availability, safety, and sustainability remain ideal.

Outstanding elastic, electronic, transport and optical properties of a novel layered material C4F2: first-principles study.

Motivated by very recent successful experimental transformation of AB-stacking bilayer graphene into fluorinated single-layer diamond (namely fluorinated diamane C4F2) [P. V. Bakharev, M. Huang, M. Saxena, S. W. Lee, S. H. Joo, S. O. Park, J. Dong, D. C. Camacho-Mojica, S. Jin, Y. Kwon, M. Biswal, F. Ding, S. K. Kwak, Z. Lee and R. S. Ruoff, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2020, 15, 59–66], we systematically investigate the structural, elastic, electronic, transport, and optical properties of fluorinated diamane C4F2 by using density functional theory. Our obtained results demonstrate that at the ground state, the lattice constant of C4F2 is 2.56 Å with chemical bonding between the C–C interlayer and intralayer bond lengths of about 1.5 Å which are close to the C–C bonding in the bulk diamond. Based on calculations for the phonon spectrum and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the structure of C4F2 is confirmed to be dynamically and thermally stable. C4F2 exhibits superior mechanical properties with a very high Young's modulus of 493.19 N m−1. Upon fluorination, the formation of C–C bonding between graphene layers has resulted in a comprehensive alteration of electronic properties of C4F2. C4F2 is a direct semiconductor with a large band gap and phase transitions are found when a biaxial strain or external electric field is applied. Interestingly, C4F2 has very high electron mobility, up to 3.03 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1, much higher than other semiconductor compounds. Our findings not only provide a comprehensive insight into the physical properties of C4F2 but also open up its applicability in nanoelectromechanical and optoelectronic devices.

Rheological, Microstructural Characterization and Interlayer Bonding of 3d Printed Cement Mortars with Slump−Retaining Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer

Rheological, Microstructural Characterization and Interlayer Bonding of 3d Printed Cement Mortars with Slump−Retaining Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer

СТРУКТУРА И ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА КРИСТАЛЛОВ 3-12 ФТОРОГРАФЕНА

The three-dimensional structure of crystals formed from 3-12 fluorinated graphene layers packed in stacks was found using the atom-atom potential method. Calculations of the electronic properties of CF-L3-12 crystals were conducted using the method of density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation. As a result of the calculations, it was established that the distance between the layers in crystals corresponding to the minimum energy of interlayer bonds is 5,7578 Å, and the absolute value of the shift vector of the adjacent layers is 1,4656 Å. The electronic structure of three-dimensional crystals differs from the electronic structure of 3-12 isolated fluorographene layers. The obtained value of the band gap in bulk crystals is 3,03 eV, which is about 12 % less than in a separated CF-L3-12 layer (3,43 eV). The calculated value of the specific sublimation energy of 3-12 fluorographene crystal is 13,83 eV / (CF), which is 0,06 eV higher than the sublimation energy of the isolated fluorographene layer.

Dispersion properties and dynamics of ladder-like meta-chains

Several natural and engineered systems may be idealized as sets of spring–mass structures that are coupled in parallel. These range from macroscopic structures such as buildings connected at story-levels with flexible elements, to microscopic systems such as stacked chains of atoms with inter-layer bonds. We realize two possible configurations of such systems by varying the frequency of coupling. One is a configuration where every mass in one chain is coupled to its corresponding mass in the other chain (full coupling). The other configuration consists of chains that are periodically coupled only at certain locations (partial coupling). We develop analytical dispersion relations for both cases, and reveal several interesting and unusual characteristics. Specifically, we show that wave propagation in fully-coupled meta-chains has a dual nature. Depending on problem parameters, the system may behave similar to an acoustic metamaterial (AM) with a locally-resonant band gap or it may allow for the simultaneous propagation of two independent waves. The partially-coupled system exhibits more complex behavior, including nearly flat and negative group velocity bands as well as several Bragg scattering and local resonance band gaps. Furthermore, we present two example devices for wave propagation control using finite prototypes of each meta-chain configuration; realizing a narrow-band pass filter in one of them and a low-frequency rainbow trap filter in the other. Finally,we discuss our findings within the framework of modular design of metamaterial building blocks.

ZigZagZ: Improving mechanical performance in extrusion additive manufacturing by nonplanar toolpaths

This study investigates the effect of novel non-planar deposition methods in fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing. A range of non-planar geometries were developed including a ZigZagZ sequence in which filaments were deposited as the nozzle moved in the X or Y direction while simultaneously zigzagging up-and-down i.e. in the Z direction. As a result, repeating non-planar layers were generated throughout the specimen’s geometry. The use of the ZigZagZ toolpath to deposit the material significantly improved the mechanical performance of parts manufactured by FFF in the Z-direction by up to 62% in strength, 123% in strain-at-fracture and 245% in toughness compared to an optimised conventional planar geometry. All specimens in the study had only a single filament through their thickness; they were specially developed to enable precise mechanical characterisation. This is the first work to have developed and analysed nonplanar deposition with cyclic nonplanar nozzle movement of a geometric length scale similar to the nozzle diameter. Three novel toolpath designs were developed for this study: (i) zigzag (ZZ), based on the aforementioned ZigZagZ deposition; (ii) up-down (UD) involving vertically deposited nonplanar bulges with interconnecting planar sections; (iii) forward-back (FB) employing the nozzle’s movement forward and backward during planar deposition to enhance the nozzle’s contact and promote the ploughing of the deposited filament. These designs - along with the conventional planar toolpath designs (original (OR)) - were characterised and their mechanical properties compared to generate new understanding about the impact of deposition with the Z coordinate varying along the path on performance. The geometrical outcomes of these different deposition strategies were analysed microscopically to assess the effects of nonplanar toolpaths on the filament-scale geometry. It was established that the ZZ strategies resulted in higher extruded-filament thickness compared to OR. Additionally, various ZZ designs were developed to understand the impact of the zigzag height-to-width ratio and size not only on mechanical properties, but also geometry and fracture path. Fractographic analysis indicated that nonplanar FFF extrusion promoted through-filament fracture, suggesting a reduced concentration of stresses at interlayer bonds by redirecting the load into the filament; this could contribute to the increased level of toughness observed in ZZ specimens. The understanding developed in this study is readily adaptable for the use in both single-wall and infill geometries to provide their improved mechanical performance. A broad range of potential industrial applications and research relevance resulting from the findings is discussed in addition to future development opportunities. • Zigzag interfaces improved load-bearing capacity, strain-at-fracture and toughness. • Interfacial weakness is caused by filament-scale geometry, not the bond. • Nonplanar geometry overcame geometric vulnerabilities of the interface in FFF. • Zigzag nonplanar unit can be used for both thin-walled and infilled structures. • Zigzag geometry redirected the load into the filament, increasing plasticity.

Factors Affecting the Interlayer Shear Strength of Laboratory and Field Samples

Asphalt emulsion is the most widely used tack coat material in the U.S. The objective of this study is to investigate factors that may affect the interlayer bond shear strength of asphalt emulsion tack coats of both laboratory and field compacted samples. The laboratory study included six types of tack coat materials applied on two surfaces with two residual application rates. The field study phase involved validation of the interlayer shear performance findings using field cores extracted from paving projects. The field study included taking cores of the existing layer, emulsions used for interlayer bonding, and loose mixes of new asphalt layers. Materials were collected to produce the laboratory prepared specimens for comparison with the field cores. Results of the laboratory study demonstrate that there is a direct relationship between the roughness (texture) of the existing surface and the interlayer shear strength (ISS) between two surfaces. Statistical analysis provided a strong correlation and indicated that 79% of the data variance can be explained with surface texture, emulsion type, application rate, and replicate effects. Comparing field cores with laboratory produced samples showed no clear relationship between the shear strength of laboratory and field specimens. It is speculated that the difference in compaction of the upper layers in the laboratory and field, and effect of shearing during coring of the samples from the field, resulted in higher laboratory shear values relative to field core values. The study highlights major challenges in using laboratory prepared samples to predict field behavior of tack coats.

Improving the Description of Interlayer Bonding in TiS2 by Density Functional Theory

We investigate energetic and electronic properties of TiS2 , an archetypal van der Waals (vdW) material, from first principles, in the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT). In this system a recent experimental study showed a puzzling discrepancy between the distribution of the electron density in the interlayer region obtained by X-ray diffraction data and that computed by DFT, even adopting DFT functionals that should properly include vdW effects. Such a discrepancy could indicate a partial failure of state-of-the-art DFT approaches in describing the weak interlayer interactions of TiS2 and, possibly, of similar systems too. In order to shed light on this issue, we have carried out simulations based on different DFT functionals, basically confirming the mentioned discrepancy with the experimental findings. Subsequently, we have tried to reproduce the experimental interlayer electronic density deformation both by changing the parameters characterizing the rVV10 DFT functional (in such a way to artificially modify the strength of the vdW interactions at short or long range), and also by adopting a modified pseudopotential for Sulfur atoms, involving d orbitals. The latter approach turns out to be particularly promising. In fact, using this novel, more flexible pseudopotential, we obtain not only an electronic density deformation closer to the experimental profile, but also a better estimate of the interlayer binding energy. Interestingly, this improvement in the theoretical DFT description is not limited to TiS2 but also applies to other similar layered systems involving S atoms, such as TaS2 , HfS2 , and MoS2 .

Computational Prediction for Stable Structures of Graphene Van Der Waals Heterostructures Composed of Group-III-V Compounds

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with honeycomb structure such as graphene have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in nanoelectronics devices. [1] Furthermore, 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures can be formed by stacking different types of 2D layered materials through the weak interlayer vdW interaction, and have attracted interest due to unique functionalities which are impossible in homogeneous bulk materials. [2,3] For instance, various graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) related vdW heterostructures have been demonstrated and their physical properties have been discussed. On the other hand, a new class of 2D materials composed of traditional group III–V materials have been recently proposed. Lucking et al. predicted that the double-layer honeycomb (DLHC) structure where pair of single layer honeycomb structure forms interlayer bonds can be realized in various group III-V, II–VI, and I–VII materials, and some of these 2D materials exhibit exotic topological properties. [4] It has also been reported that most of group III–V and II–VI thin films are stabilized by forming the DLHC structure when the thickness deceases toward the 2D limit whereas a structure with alternating octagonal and square rings called a haeckelite structure is favorable beyond 3–15 monolayers depending on the constituent elements. [5] These findings suggest the realization of a new class of vdW heterostructures consisting of conventional 2D materials (such as graphene, h-BN, and transition-metal dichalcogenides) and DLHC structure. In this study, we explore new stable structures of vdW heterostructures composed of group III-V compounds on the basis of density functional calculations taking account of vdW interaction.The calculations for superlattices consisting of MoS2/AlAs heterostructure reveal that covalent Al-S bonds are formed between Al atoms of AlAs with zinc blende structure and S atoms of MoS2, which stabilizes zinc blende phase over the DLHC structure. This indicates that the combination of transition-metal dichalcogenides and group III-V compounds such as MoS2/AlAs hardly forms vdW heterostructures. On the other hand, we find that vdW heterostructures can be formed for the superlattices consisting of graphene and group III-V compounds (AlAs, AlSb, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb) when its thickness is two monolayers. Furthermore, the vdW heterostructure with DLHC structure in group III-V compounds is more stable than that with conventional zinc blende structure. Therefore, a stable structure whose atomic configurations are different from those of bulk phase is newly found for the combination of graphene and DLHC structure. The calculated biding energies are ranging from 0.22 to 0.30 eV/unit cell, indicating that this vdW heterostructures can be stabilized even at room temperature. The calculations of phonon dispersion also reveal that no imaginary frequencies are present for graphene/InAs with DLHC structure, suggesting its dynamical stability. This is due to nearly coherent in-plane lattice matching (misfit of ~0.1 %) between InAs with DLHC structure and graphene, as demonstrated in InAs nanowire growth by vdW epitaxy. [6] These calculated results suggest that diverse combinations and exotic electronic properties could be discovered in the vdW heterostructures consisting of graphene and group III-V compounds. Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant (JP20K05324, JP19K05268, and JP16H06418) from the JSPS, and KIOXIA Corporation (former Toshiba Memory Corporation).

Magnetic multilayer edges in Bernal-stacked hexagonal boron nitride

Single-layer $\it{h}$-BN is known to have edges with unique magnetism, however, in the commonly fabricated multilayer $\text{AA}^{\prime}$-$\it{h}$-BN, edge relaxations occur that create interlayer bonds and eliminate the unpaired electrons at the edge. Recently, a robust method of growing the unconventional Bernal-stacked $\it{h}$-BN (AB-$\it{h}$-BN) has been reported. Here, we use theoretical approaches to investigate the nitrogen-terminated zigzag edges in AB-$\it{h}$-BN that can be formed in a controlled fashion using a high-energy electron beam. We find that these "open" edges remain intact in bilayer and multilayer AB-$\it{h}$-BN, enabling researchers potentially to investigate these edge states experimentally. We also investigate the thermodynamics of the spin configurations at the edge by constructing a lattice model that is based on parameters extracted from a set of first-principles calculations. We find that the edge spins in neighboring layers interact very weakly, resulting in a sequence of independent spin chains in multilayer samples. By solving this model using Monte Carlo simulations, we can determine nm-scale correlation lengths at liquid-N$_{2}$ temperatures and lower. At low temperatures, these edges may be utilized in magnetoresistance and spintronics applications.

Mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete in hot temperatures

Concrete 3D printing is continuously studied as a new construction method. However, the use of concrete for this application is challenging in terms of workability and mechanical performance. Additionally, this technology is still lacking evaluation standards and guidelines. Furthermore, performance of printing concrete in hot temperature conditions is still generic. This study was conducted to assess the mechanical properties of a 3D printed fiber-reinforced concrete mix in two environmental conditions: ambient and hot. Compressive, flexural, and interlayer bond shear strengths were evaluated. A novel test setup was designed for bond strength evaluation at different printing time intervals. Compressive strength was evaluated to be 47 MPa in control cubes. Results from compression and bond tests indicated accelerated water evaporation and surface dehydration in hot conditions, and that the presence of joints in printed parts is detrimental to such parameters. Flexural strength was increased in hot temperatures compared to control and ambient specimens by 21% and 18% respectively. Flexural strength results demonstrated that fibers have a good orientation by the print process, and can be further improved in hot conditions due to lower material viscosities.

Fused filament fabrication of polymer materials: A review of interlayer bond

Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF), one of the most promising additive manufacturing (AM) methods has attracted considerable attention to date. Although FFF is evolving into a manufacturing tool with significant technological and material advancements, there remains a challenge to transfer FFF-printed parts into functional objects for practical applications. Polymer components fabricated by FFF technique exhibit weak and anisotropic mechanical properties compared to their counterparts by conventional processing. The limited mechanical property for the FFF-printed parts is a result of weak interlayer bond interface that develops during the layer-wise deposition process. This review documents recent advances on the bond interface in FFF-printed parts in aspects of its mechanisms, characterization and enhancement methods. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process-structure-properties of interlayer bond in FFF technique.

A compendious review on lack-of-fusion in digital concrete fabrication

Abstract Lack-of-fusion (LOF) in digital concrete fabrication is one of the paramount technical issues that must be elucidated before mass industry implementation of this emerging technology. This review paper initially accentuates the ramifications of poor interlayer bonding, which include impaired mechanical and thermo-mechanical performance in the hardened concrete state, durability issues pertaining to corrosion of reinforcing steel and the complexities associated with numerical modeling of 3D printed structures. Focus is then placed on the mechanisms that induce LOF, which constitute an intricate combination of mechanical interaction, chemical bonding and intermolecular forces between filaments. Comprehension of these mechanisms is required to develop appropriate solutions to this problem. The paper presents current interlayer bond strength (IBS) characterization tests and their associated (dis)advantages. Lastly, solutions employed in literature to reduce LOF are presented to give readers a holistic perspective of the current state-of-the-art surrounding LOF in 3D concrete printing.

Development of extrudable high strength fiber reinforced concrete incorporating nano calcium carbonate

Abstract The use of extrudable (3D printable) concrete in construction has attracted increasing attention, whilst the major obstacles to its wider application lie in the difficulties in materials design, particularly when fibers are added as an alternative to reinforcement. In this study, high strength fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) mixtures for extrusion were developed, and the influences of nanoparticles and carbon, steel and glass fibers on their extrudability, buildability and strength properties were investigated. It was found that the addition of nanoparticles and fibers would enhance the rheological properties for shape retention. It was also found that the addition of steel fibers would be more effective in improving the strength but less effective in improving the interlayer bond compared to the addition of carbon or glass fibers, whereas a suitable amount of nanoparticles would generally favor the strength and interlayer bond. Lastly, a conceptual model for the design of extrudable concrete mixtures and some explanations from the perspective of thixotropy were presented. This study shall advance the development of extrudable HSFRC.

Examining the significance of infill printing pattern on the anisotropy of 3D printed concrete

Additive manufacturing relies on the deposition of layers of material upon existing ones. The nature of this method disadvantages materials such as concrete due to the rheological changes of the material over time, the lack of standardization of the printing process, and the nature of the deposition process. This paper examines the significance of infill printing patterns on the anisotropic properties of 3D printed concrete. The rheological properties, the compressive strength, and the interlayer and interfilamentous bond strength of the 3D printed concrete were characterized. We show that there is a directional dependency on all the infill patterns. The specimens show lower compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity in the Z (extrusion) direction compared with the X and Y directions but insignificant difference of the strength and modulus between the X and Y directions. However, no directional dependency was found for the strain at failure. On the other hand, no significant difference in the mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete was observed or can be attributed to the infill printing patterns. The results also show that the 3D printed concrete shows higher compressive strength, for two out of the three testing directions (X and Y) than conventionally cast concrete. This is due to the compactness associated with the printing process that is strongly dependent on the printing parameters.

Effect of Microwave Heating on Inter-Layer Bonding and Build-Ability of Geo-Polymer 3D Concrete Printing

The emerging concept of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) by the laminate stacking of layers without form-work has major issues of poor inter-layer bond adhesion and inadequate build-ability of printed layers. This paper explores microwave heating technique as a set-on-demand method to increase the structuration rate of geo-polymer concrete for 3DCP applications. The microwave heating was applied just before the placement of layers (i.e. at the nozzle head) and the effect of heating duration on the inter-layer bond strength and build-ability were assessed. Moreover, the loss of surface and bulk moisture and the bond strength enhancing mechanism were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimum microwaving duration of 10s has increased the inter-layer bond strength by 132%. The inter-layer temperature and surface moisture loss has shown an increasing trend with the heating duration. Despite the increased surface moisture loss with microwave heating, the observed increment in inter-layer bond strength (for up to 10s of heating) was due to the acceleration in poly-condensation reaction between the filaments having adequate stiffness for maximum mechanical interlocking with minimum deformation after stacking. On the other hand, the build-ability of printed filaments, as measured from the rate of particle re-flocculation and structuration, has showed a major improvement. Findings from this study propose incorporating “set-on demand” technique using electromagnetic radiations in construction 3D printing. This initiates a new era of print heads, designed to solve problems faced by current concrete printing industry.

Effect of microwave heating on interlayer bonding and buildability of geopolymer 3D concrete printing

The emerging concept of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) by the laminate stacking of layers without formwork has major issues of poor interlayer bond adhesion and inadequate buildability of printed layers. This paper explores microwave heating technique as a set-on-demand method to increase the structuration rate of geopolymer concrete for 3DCP applications. The microwave heating was applied just before the placement of layers (i.e. at the nozzle head) and the effect of heating duration on the interlayer bond strength and buildability were assessed. Moreover, the loss of surface and bulk moisture and the bond strength enhancing mechanism were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimum microwaving duration of 10 s has increased the interlayer bond strength by 132%. The interlayer temperature and surface moisture loss has shown an increasing trend with the heating duration. Despite the increased surface moisture loss with microwave heating, the observed increment in interlayer bond strength (for up to 10 s of heating) was due to the acceleration in polycondensation reaction between the filaments having adequate stiffness for maximum mechanical interlocking with minimum deformation after stacking. On the other hand, the buildability of printed filaments, as measured from the rate of particle re-flocculation and structuration, has showed a major improvement. Findings from this study propose incorporating “set-on demand” technique using electromagnetic radiations in construction 3D printing. This initiates a new era of print heads, designed to solve problems faced by current concrete printing industry.

Research on correlation of mechanical behavior of multilayer in-plane graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures in the presence of Stone-Wales defects and interlayer sp3 bonds with multiple physical fields

The integration of vertical and in-plane heterostructures will generate unexpected structures that may trigger novel physical properties. By introducing interlayer sp3 bonds, the multilayer in-plane graphene/h-BN heterostructures are gradually changed to “quasi three-dimensional” structure. Different cases of mechanical properties of quasi three-dimensional structure have been investigated by MD simulations, including the different orientations of SW defect, different sp3 bonds fraction and distance between sp3 bond and SW defect. The results show the delamination failure and in-plane failure appear in multilayer staggered stacked heterostructure subjected external force due to complex out-of-plane stresses (interlayer bonds and vdW interaction) and in-plane stresses. The adverse coupling effect of SW defects and sp3 bond on mechanical properties of quasi three-dimensional structure can be expedited by the interconnection of multiple physical fields (tensile strain and temperature). SW defect has no effect on the Young’s modulus of the quasi three-dimensional but can affect greatly the tensile stress and strain. The sp3 bond will produce a “defect amplification effect” on SW defects, and the “defect amplification effect” decreases with the increase of the distance between them. Our findings suggest a feasible approach to control performance and stability graphene and other two-dimensional materials by introducing defect coupling method and changing spatial configuration angle.