Interior Elements Research Articles

High-cadence Dispersed Spectral Analysis of Supernova Remnant 1987A

Abstract We present an analysis of the dispersed spectral data from 11 epochs (2011 March–2018 September) of supernova remnant (SNR) 1987A observations performed with Chandra. These observations were performed with the High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) as part of our ongoing Chandra monitoring campaign of SNR 1987A, whose first-order dispersed spectrum provides a significantly greater energy resolution than the previously published zeroth-order spectrum. Our data sets with moderate exposure times of ∼50–70 ks per epoch cover the time period between deep Chandra HETG observations (with individual exposures >∼200 ks) taken in 2011 March and 2018 March. These data have a much higher cadence than the widely spaced deep high-resolution spectra, at the expense of total exposure time. While statistical uncertainties are large due to low photon count statistics in the observed first-order spectra, we find that spectral model parameters are generally in line with the shock wave propagating into the medium beyond the dense inner ring, as suggested by Frank et al. (2016). As the reverse shock begins ionizing the heavier elements of the supernova ejecta interior to the equatorial ring, spectral fit parameters are expected to change as the chemical makeup and physical properties of the shocked gas evolve. Based on our broadband spectral model fits, we find that abundance values appear to be constant in this time period. While our results are somewhat limited due to photon statistics, we demonstrate the utility of the dispersed HETG spectral analysis that can be performed with our regular Chandra monitoring observations of SNR 1987A.

Leading transformation techniques of the traditional Japanese decorative art in design of modern restaurants

This article is aimed at studying and systematization of key techniques in designing ethnic interior, namely in Japanese restaurants located in Russia. The research defines the difference in perception of space in Japanese and European culture, as well as determines usage of traditional and innovative solution methods of an artistic image. In practice, the conducted research may become an evaluation category in analysis of creative techniques of modern authors who implement Far Eastern theme in designing restaurant environment. The subject of this research is the artistic and decorative approaches in the context of interpretation of authentic Japanese environment. Within the framework of established approaches, the author determines the additional design solution methods. The object of this research is the restaurants of Japanese cuisine that are located in Russia and designed by European authors. The novelty consists in systematization of the key compositional techniques in design of modern restaurants with ethnic concept in Russia. It is established that the leading approach in design is the interpretation of components borrowed from authentic architectural objects and decorative art, as well as formation of associative impressions for reflecting the ethnic theme. The approach based on interpretation of the known by European recipient architectural and decorative techniques of object-spatial environment is dominant, which allows viewing the elements of interior and traditional decorative art as a leading component of authentic culture that undergoes stylization in formation of an artistic image of modern restaurants.  

Особенности внутреннего убранства жилища народов Среднего Поволжья конца XIX — первой половины XX веков

The article pays attention to the interior environment of the dwellings of the Middle Volga region at the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, which due to ethnonational and historical and cultural factors, may have some specific features. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the interior environment of the dwellings of the peoples of the Middle Volga region at the end of the XIX – the first half of the XX centuries. It is emphasized that the interior elements allow us to judge the spiritual and material spheres of life of their carriers. The methods of the article are based on a combination of cultural, historical (in combination with comparative) and systems approaches. As a result of studying the culture of the peoples living in the region as well as literature devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the organization of the internal space of the traditional dwellings of the peoples of the Middle Volga region during the study, various documents, data from field studies, as well as museum funds, it is concluded that, with the inevitable variety of interior environment the dwellings of the peoples of the Middle Volga region, the same type of internal layout of the living space is observed. It is noted that one can observe the interpenetration of national cultures, expressed in the presence of common features in the interior of the dwellings of diverse ethnic groups, which makes it possible to talk about the regional Middle Volga culture, which is manifested in the object-household environment and design of interior.

Smart house technology and tendencies of life space transformations

The technology of «smart home», its components and ways of the development are analyzed in the paper. The authors study the correlation between «smart home» and human practices. The authors note the increasing functionality of devices that are correlated with the concept of a smart home, and at the same time they analyze the tendency to customize the space of life in general and the possibilities of customized creation of smart home elements. The authors consider the use of 3D-printing technology in creating of some interior elements and the possible use of this technology in the future in a broader aspect within the entire home space of interactions. The authors study some technologies within the framework of the smart home concept: such as «smart dust». Due to this «smart dust», a significant reduction in energy costs and completely new prospects for increasing the autonomy of the components of a smart home are possible (the transformation of the idea of device and network autonomy within the Internet of things and smart home).

MEMAHAMI INTERIOR SEBAGAI PENGHUBUNG


 
 
 Title: Understanding Interior as a Connector
 Interior design is a discipline that is very close to the complexities and the needs of human life. However, the intepretation and practice of interior design are often limited to decoration and contents within the physical boundaries of architecture. This paper aims to provide another perspective regarding the concept of interior that is, as a significant connector between humans and their living environment along with architecture, so that the methods and practice of interior design as well as architecture may expand more than what has been observed today. The paper is a result of a qualitative research through literature review and exploration of case studies. Results conclude to several interior and architectural design techniques based on the perception of interior as a ?connector? that could be used, such as the blurring of physical boundaries, programmatic manipulation, innovation of material continuity and configuration of architectural elements into interior elements. Through the physical as well as conceptual manipulation of space, the intepretation of interior design would no longer be limited to the contents within the physical boundaries of architecture but rather a truly important connector along with architecture, between humans and their living environment.
 
 

DESAIN RUANG DAN PENCAHAYAAN BUATAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG SUASANA KONTEMPLASI PADA GEREJA KATOLIK REGINA CAELI, JAKARTA


 
 
 Title: Space and Lighting Design to Support Contemplation Atmosphere in Regina Caeli Catholic Church, Jakarta
 The study examines how the light and space in the Church of Regina Caeli able to reinforce the presence of God?s impression and support contemplation?s atmosphere. The discussion reviewed by spatial elements (lobby/narthex, pulpit/nave, and sanctuary/chancel), enclosure elements (floors, walls, ceilings), and interior elements (furniture, decoration, and symbols). The lighting aspects explored are physical aspect (light source, technique, light distribution, colour, and level of light) and perception aspect (psychology of light). The study shows that the lighting support contemplation by emphasizing the sacred-secular space?s transition and strengthen the sacred space?s orientation. The contemplation is weakened due to the excessive number of liturgical symbols that blurring the people?s focus. As a pluriform church, Regina Caeli applying the combined effect of vertical and horizontal shape and space, but the lighting only emphasizes the horizontal effect that caused the impression of a church that is humane.
 
 

ELEMEN ARSITEKTUR, INTERIOR DAN SIGNAGE UNTUK MENEMUKAN JALAN DAN BRANDING UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA


 
 
 Title: Architectural, Interior Elements and Signage for Wayfinding and Branding in Petra Christian University
 Petra Christian University (PCU) is a leading private University in Surabaya. PCU possessed advantage in facility?s quality as well as educational service. This was clearly visible in the campus building design that played as architecture, interior and graphic wayfinding elements, especially in W Building (Radius Prawiro Building), EH Building (Entrance Hall) and T Building. Further these elements could also support the University?s Branding and were integrated in the PCU?s integrated wayfinding system.
 
 

ЕКЛЕКТИКА, ФЬЮЖН ТА КІТЧ У ДИЗАЙНІ ІНТЕР’ЄРУ ГРОМАДСЬКИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

Outline and articulate the specifics of each of the listed interior styles. Create the ability to correctly set the interior to the style specified by matching the dominant characteristic. The method of field surveys of public institutions of the city of Lviv and general scientific methods were used. Literature sources on the topic of the study are considered in accordance with the methods of comparative analysis. The systematization of the material is based on the techniques of analysis, synthesis and analogies as well. Based on the literature review of approaches to the classification of interiors in considered styles have been identified; the lack of uniform interpretation of their features was established. At the same time, the existence of a peculiar identity of their perception in the scientific literature was confirmed. Samples of modern interiors of Lviv restaurants are considered and their style is demonstrated. The concept of the existence of a key characteristic for each of the styles is substantiated, which allows them to better determine their belonging to a particular style, in particular: fusion - a blend of modern and antique; eclecticism - a mixture of interior elements of historical styles without the use of modern elements; kitsch - an imitation of the essence of space and lack of environmental approach. It is to determine the dominant characteristic for attributing the interior to one of these styles. For greater efficiency, the focus is on the formation of one dominant trait, rather than a complex system of indicators and characteristics. The author's dominant attributes make it possible to classify the interior style more efficiently, which leads to better communication between the designer and the customer, and promotes better understanding in the environment of the professional community of interior designers.

PERANCANGAN INTERIOR TOKO OLEH-OLEH DAN KAFETARIA BRAWIJAYA UNTUK MEMPERKUAT BRAND PERUSAHAAN

One of Indonesian’s cultures is bring back souvenirs for their friends and relatives when they travel. Souvenirs usually present a specialty of a certain place. Brawijaya Istana Oleh-Oleh is a souvenir shop in Batu which sells souvenirs, such as snacks, clothes, and accessories. Brawijaya’s facilities are cafeteria, Islamic prayer room (musholla), hostel, rest area, parking space, and bathrooms with hot water. Cafeteria and clothes retail store are the areas that will be designed. Cafeteria in Brawijaya is leased for group of tourists. It doesn’t sell foods, the foods are provide by outsource local caterings. The featured products of clothes retail store are batik fabric and t-shirt that produced by local small and medium retailers. Brawijaya’s visions are to becomethe most complete and affordablesouvenir shop in Batu and also make cooperation with local small and medium retailers and artists. The design has to pay attention of circulation path and room organization to ease consumers finding products. Design of Brawijaya’s cafeteria and clothes retail store using “Connecthings” as the concept, which means, “connect things” connecting Brawijaya’s vision and consumer’s need into layout arrangement and interior design. The application concepts are by locating featured products, which produced by local and medium retailers, in the most strategic place. Graphics on the wall is designed by local artist, to support Braiwjaya’s vision. Products displays in retail store are arranged based on Market Segments Grouping, in order to ease the tourists with the short shopping time finding their needs. Logo application is visually and philosophically implemented in the interior elements to strengthen Brawijaya’s branding. 

Design of a one-way multichannel and wide-angle absorber based on the one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals with the cascaded quasi-period structure

In this paper, a one-way multichannel and wide-angle absorber based on the one-dimensional superconductor photonic crystals (SPCs) in the terahertz regime is realized via splicing the classical quasi-period sequences and manipulating the ambient temperature properly, whose characteristics and mechanisms are theoretically investigated by the transfer matrix method. The preeminent absorbing features of the proposed SPCs are ascribed to the temperature and frequency-dependent refractive index of the superconductor components, whose imaginary part plays a role in giving rise to the high dissipation. Additionally, when the thickness of the whole structure is of the order of the incident electromagnetic wavelength, the one-way absorption and the reflection in the opposite direction can be perfectly obtained. The calculated results demonstrate that the relative bandwidths of the one-way effective absorption regions in our proposed SPCs can reach to 51.94%, 30.18%, and 19.12%, respectively, and the maximum angle where the wide-angle absorption region can sustain is up to 84° for TM wave by controlling the related parameters. Moreover, the impacts of the external factors such as temperature and incident angle and the interior elements including the thicknesses of diverse layers and the recursive numbers of the cascading sequences on the absorbing performance are also taken into account. To explicitly verify the reliability of our model, the impedance matching and the average refractive index are introduced for explaining the splendid multichannel absorption. As a whole, our research offers effective guidance for the theoretical excogitation of the multichannel and wide-angle absorber in the optical field.

Simulation of the Stationary Nonisothermal MHD Flows of Polymeric Fluids in Channels with Interior Heating Elements

Basing on the rheological mesoscopic Pokrovskii–Vinogradov model, the equations of nonrelativistic magneto-hydrodynamics, and the heat conduction equation with dissipative terms, we obtain a closed coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations that describes the flow of solutions and melts of linear polymers. We take into account the rheology and induced anisotropy of a polymeric fluid flow as well as mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic impacts. The parameters of the equations are determined by mechanical tests with up-to-date materials and devices used in additive technologies (as $$3D$$ printing). The statement is given of the problems concerning stationary polymeric fluid flows in channels with circular and elliptical cross-sections with thin inclusions (some heating elements). We show that, for certain values of parameters, the equations can have three stationary solutions of high order of smoothness. Just these smooth solutions provide the defect-free additive manufacturing. To search for them, some algorithm is used that bases on the approximations without saturation, the collocation method, and the relaxation method. Under study are the dependences of the distributions of the saturation fluid velocity and temperature on the pressure gradient in the channel.

Design Consideration for Window Placement to Provide the View within the Patient's Visual Range

This study argues on the importance of considering the visual capacity of the observers in the placement of the windows to provide views to the natural outdoor environment. In particular, this study explores the mechanism of seeing that involves foveal and peripheral view in defining the patients’ visual capacity in experiencing the spaces of the healing environment. The placement of windows to connect the inside with the outside becomes irrelevant when their placement is not within the patient’s visual range. To examine the patient’s view toward the windows, we performed a 3d simulation of a hospital inpatient room and captured the scenes representing the foveal and peripheral views of the openings from various positions of bed-ridden patients. The region calculation of the opening elements within the captured image reveals the presence of opening within the peripheral range of patients’ view. This study suggests that the design of healing environment should not be based merely on the physical arrangement of interior elements, but should also consider how the elements are experienced within the view of the patient.Seeing

VOLUMETRIC COLOR APPROACH AS APPLICATION OF VISUAL COLOR IN SPACE ZONING CONCEPT

In the development of interior design, many are applied to create an atmosphere that can create aesthetics and convenience for users. A design can develop through interior elements, especially through color and shape. In a space design with various functions it creates its own zoning at various activities. The emphasis on zoning can be developed through an interior design with the concept of distinct space, by applying various elements that can distinguish space, such as color elements. Volumetric Color approach which uses colors to create a volume of space in an area by using the same color in all interior elements. The difference in color and shape of space creates zoning and function in space to be more specific. In addition to zoning, the use of different and striking colors can provide vocal points and aesthetics in space. The purpose of this descriptive-analysis research is to make a systematic, factual and accurate description, picture, or painting of a case study producing a space with attractive volumetric colors, and as an identity in space. The results of this study can play a role in interior design in the use of color not only as aesthetics of the space, also can provide convenience for users to recognize areas that exist with different functions. In addition, the use of colors in accordance with the function of the area can also be adjusted to affect the psychological space that can have a positive impact on space.
 Keywords: Volumetric Color, Zoning of Space, Limitation of Space Functions

Spatial Color Efficacy in Perceived Luxury and Preference to Stay: An Eye-Tracking Study of Retail Interior Environment.

Color is a significant interior element with the power to influence emotions and behaviors in a particular environment. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of a single color on emotion; however, the collective emotional, cognitive, and behavioral effect created by combinations of colors applied to a space has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study involving both a survey as well as eye-tracking technology, we explored shaping the concept of spatial color efficacy by examining different applications of the same color combination in a space to determine whether they may cause different emotional responses, thereby impacting viewers’ perception of luxury and intention to stay. A total of 26 interior design students at a university in Korea participated in the study. An environment simulating a hypothetical retail store was developed using a 3D rendering program, and six variations of spatial applications were created for each high luxury color combination and low luxury color combination to be used as stimuli. While viewing the images, participants were asked to identify which image looked most luxurious and in which space would they most want to stay. Results show the following: (a) the same color combination, if applied differently in a physical environment, can create different emotional responses, thereby affecting perceived luxury and preference to stay; (b) even a low luxury color combination can enhance perceived luxury and preference to stay depending on the spatial application; (c) gaze bias exists when selecting the most luxurious space and stating preference to stay as shown in the high correlation between dwell time and choice; in addition, differences in emotional response across images were also observed in the variations of pupil sizes measured during viewing various applications; (d) dark colors used in large amounts of surface were perceived as more luxurious than light colors when the same color combination was applied; and (e) appropriate contrast among colors was more influential in preference to stay than extreme or minimal contrast. Results expand the understanding of human behavior in relation to spatial color efficacy based on the spatial color combination and potential decision-making process in a retail setting.

Design and Analysis of PMSM Traction Motor for Passenger Car Applications

In recent years, owing to the severity of global warming and deduction in petroleum resources quicken the researches to move on sustainable energy resources. Thereby E-mobility has been picturized and fully electric vehicle technology is the major research area nowadays. This paper presents the design methodology of electric traction motor requirement by considering vehicle dynamics and passenger car parameters. Pertaining to the vehicle desired performance, the maximum optimal power is computed. Followed by that power, torque Vs speed profile is determined and the same is compared with the urban and extra-urban drive cycle to estimate the average power and torque. Then the Interior PMSM 2D Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis is planned to carry out with the geometries obtained from analytical calculations for two different slot-pole combinations. The performance differences such as torque Vs speed profile, No-load Back EMF and torque ripple are investigated.

AUTOMATIC SYSTEM OF LIGHTING CONTROL IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

This work is devoted to the automation of residential buildings lighting systems. Analysis of existing lighting systems was held to find the ways of further improvement. A structure of proposed system was developed. All the elements of the experimental installation, including drivers, photosensors, lighting fixtures, microcontroller, were chosen. Algorithm of system operation was created and software for microcontroller was designed. Proposed algorithm allows to take into account the reflective properties of interior elements and to provide the higher quality of lighting.

The extent of reliability for vehicle-to-vehicle communication in safety critical applications: an experimental study

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication using Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology promises to help drastically reduce vehicle collisions. DSRC allows vehicles in a highly mobile and complex network to send and receive safety messages with more reliability and lower latency compared with other wireless technologies used for automotive communications. However, there are many factors that could cause a safety-critical automotive application to become unreliable due to communication failures. While the reliability of V2V communication has been a subject of study by several researchers, there are still open questions regarding how the placement of the DSRC devices (inside or outside the host vehicle), the vehicle’s interior elements and the differences in altitude can affect the V2V communications. This article provides experimental testing data and analyses in order to quantify the impacts of relative vehicle speeds, altitude differences between vehicles, and interior obstacles on V2V communication range and reliability for opposite traffic, in both city and highway environments. We discuss how these results can adversely affect the design parameters of safety critical applications by considering the V2V application “Safe Pass Advisory” on two-lane rural highways.

Nostalgic element to support the sustainable reasons for architecture preservation – case study Metropole XXI, Jakarta

There are some reasons as a background for preserving the architecture building, one of them is nostalgic reason, “Old buildings have intrinsic value and are reminders of a city’s culture and complexity [1]. The nostalgic reasons is refer to a feeling or inspiring nostalgia [2]. The architecture and interior elements are among that create the nostalgic reasons of one place. Using mixed methodology between qualitative and quantitative, this research aims to overview the architecture, interior and some famous food that people remember about Metropole XXI building in Jakarta. The research found that some architecture and interior elements are among of what people remember about Metropole XXI as nostalgic reason that could help for future research on preserving this building as one of the oldest and well maintain historical building in Jakarta. The research also found that the nostalgic reason would lead to sustainable design for architecture and interior works because of its strong bond to the people who has their emotional closeness.

Urban Interiority in the Anthropocene

This paper explores how interior design could amplify the current discourse on sustainability within urban public space. The consideration of a number of contemporary authors that are questioning the traditional notion of interiority situates this paper within an expansive understanding of interiority in the context of the Anthropocene. Interiority is considered as a transferable condition based on modes of interior occupation, that can take place on the outdoors, and is often found in public spaces within dense urban areas. In the face of an upcoming biodiversity crisis, this text advocates for a necessary disciplinary shift away from traditional anthropocentric views, towards a multispecies conception of the built environment. Both the ideas and the case studies in this article seek to expand the role of interior elements, both semiotics and performance, to foster inclusivity of non-human species, in particular insects, in city environments. Two design proposals illustrate how interior design tactics might positively contribute to raising awareness about this underacknowledged population, and at the same time, help cultivate a sense of intimacy between us and the multiple life forms that inhabit our public urban spaces.

ОЦЕНКА УРОВНЯ ТРАВМИРОВАНИЯ ПАССАЖИРОВ ВАГОНОВ В АВАРИЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ ПРИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ С БАГАЖОМ

The paper proposes a method that allows forecasting a level of passenger injuries at interaction with baggage in emergency situations. The authors have created computer models of emergency situations that are caused by a collision of passenger rolling stock with an obstacle on a track in the form of a motorcar and a freight car, and by swinging of a car on a side wall. The model of the investigated car is supplemented by elements of passenger car interior, models of anthropometric dummies and baggage. The anthropometric dummies are located on passenger seats, the baggage is presented by rigid bodies that are located on parcel shelves. As a result, the authors have got the values of injury criteria at interaction of passengers with baggage.