Interior Affairs Research Articles

Adult-Onset Still's Disease (AOSD)-On the Basis of Own Cases.

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare chronic autoinflammatory condition characterized by a spiking fever, arthritis, a rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, leucocytosis, and hyperferritinemia. It is sometimes accompanied by life-threatening complications like macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAS/HLH). Treatment options for AOSD include glucocorticoids (GCs), immunosuppressive drugs, biological medications, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. The features that differentiate MAS/HLH from AOSD are: in MAS/HLH, a different type of fever, which is persistent, a sharp decrease in the number of leukocytes and thrombocytes, a further increase in the level of transaminases and ferritin, significant hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. This study aimed to evaluate the course of AOSD, which results in MAS/HLD. Nine AOSD patients, four of whom developed MAS/HLH, were treated at the Rheumatology Clinic in the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior Affairs from 1 January 2015 to 15 March 2020 and at the Rheumatology Clinic in the National Institute of Geriatric, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation from 1 September 2021 to 1 March 2024. Medical history, clinical data, demographic data, laboratory data, imaging data, Hscore, and treatment data were collected. All the patients with MAS and an Hscore above 150 recovered. MAS/HLH requires rapid diagnosis as well as treatment with methylprednisolone pulses, cyclosporine A, and etoposide. When comparing patients who developed MAS/HLH with those who did not, possible risk factors were identified: the presence of pregnancy (two cases) and an aggressive course of AOSD. The Hscore is a useful tool for identifying patients with MAS/HLH.

The role of consultative leadership on administrative development

Consultative leadership is a democratic style that deliberately incorporates employees into organizational management and decision-making to increase employees’ feelings of ownership and align their objectives with company objectives. As a result, during their everyday tasks, leaders constantly utilize “consultation management” for their staff. As examples, consider how to coordinate reports, communicate key ideas, and use a variety of flexible promotion strategies. This study investigates the role of consultive leadership on administrative development in developing countries. For this reason, this study has applied a questionnaire to take the respondents’ opinions in the Iraqi ministry of interior affairs. Using the Likert scale has provided quantitative value for the qualitative study. For this reason, questionnaires were provided, and this study’s results showed a positive correlation between consultative leadership and administrative development. As a result, the organization’s leader has more chances to administer the organization successfully than a manager or an unofficial leader who lacks status power.

Tehnologija prepoznavanja lica i prava i slobode lica - slučaj Republike Srbije

The issue of the use of facial recognition technology, which includes the processing of biometric data on a large scale, and in public areas in the Republic of Serbia, has been debated since 2019, when the deployment of these technologies was announced. The use of technology for the purpose of improving security and its impact on the rights and freedoms of persons may be viewed as conflicting interests, even mutually exclusive. Yet these two, equally important, interests are not necessarily incompatible. This paper presents an overview of the impact of the use of facial recognition technology on the behaviour of individuals, processes of drafting different versions of interior affairs bills containing provisions enabling the use of this technology and different versions of data protection impact assessments, as well as relevant acts of the United Nations and the European Union. Although the final answer whether the use of such technology to process biometric data in public areas should be permitted and, if so, when and under what conditions, is still pending, a proposal is given vis-à-vis measures that could contribute to the accommodation of different interests without interfering with the rights and freedoms of persons in a way that is not excessive in a democratic society.

Implementation of Provisions on Paying for Overtime Work to Employees in the Ministry of Interior Affairs of Republic of North Macedonia

The phenomenon of ill implementation of legal provision pertaining the rights of civil servants is a frequent practice in North Macedonia. Our research is focusing on investigating the allegations for a large-scale breaching of the existing regulation on paying the employees of the Ministry of Interior Affairs i.e., the Police, for the overtime work. We have singled out a total number of 1257 lawsuits filed against the Ministry in the last seven years and performed an in-depth analysis of 41 cases filed against the Ministry by their employees from the Skopje Police Department. We’ve carried out interviews with representatives of the Police Syndicate, representatives from the Ministry and the judiciary. The results revealed that a systematic breaching and nonpaying for the overtime work were in place, exacerbated by retributive actions against those employees who would dare to seek justice in court. The Police Syndicate is encouraging and providing legal counsel to those who decide to take legal actions, and the justice system is showing consistency in ruling against the Ministry in cases where the Ministry failed to remunerate its employees for the overtime work, but the court trials are taking much longer than the legally envisaged framework of 6 months. The outcomes from the legal actions against the Ministry resulted in significant financial loses, and yet no one bore any political or legal responsibility thus far. Based on our findings we will urge the Oversight Committee in the Parliament of North Macedonia to take actions in direction of stopping the practice of not paying to the employees for the overtime work. We will bring to attention to the Ministry of Interior that we and other colleagues from the scientific community are willing to assist in designing instruments and conducting trainings for the commanding officers in order to help them manage the working time of the employees under their command efficiently and within the legally envisaged time frame for work. The research is confluent to the conference topic from the aspect of promoting the adherence to respecting the labor related rights of employees of the public administration as one of the preconditions toward stability and security of the state governing apparatus.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 12 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023

Awareness and Compliance with the Recommendations of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cancer in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are at high risk of developing malignancies, so prevention and adherence to cancer screening may improve detection. The aim of this study was to assess compliance with medical recommendations, especially primary and secondary prevention of cancer. This one-center cross-sectional study was carried out between June and December 2021 amongst patients at the Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, IBD Division, National Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administrations, or the outpatient clinic. Patients with IBD were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire, which included 42 questions concerning lifestyle, cancer risk factors, cancer history, and checkups. The results of the qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. We used Fisher's exact test and the Chi-squared test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS statistical package. A total of 313 patients were enrolled in the study: 145 women and 168 men. In the group, 182 had Crohn's disease (CD), 120 had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 11 with IBDU (unclassified IBD). Most participants had a disease duration of over 8 years and received biological treatment, corticoids, and/or immunosuppressive therapy. Amongst respondents, 17% (31) of patients with CD and 25.8% (31) with UC were overweight, and 10.5% (19) with CD and 15.8% (19) with UC were obese (p = 0.017). We found that 16.3% of all respondents were smokers (79.6% (144) with CD, 90.8% (109) with UC, and 72.7% (8) with IBDU; p = 0.053), and 33.9% declared that they consumed alcohol (39.4% (71) with CD, 26.9% (32) with UC, and 18.2% (2) with IBDU; p = 0.045). A total of 25.4% of patients were exposed to UV radiation, but only 18.8% used sunblock. In addition, 58.8% (67) of patients with CD and 35.8% (19) with UC receiving immunosuppressants had regular laboratory tests (p = 0.02). Furthermore, 41.4% (46) of patients with UC, 27.1% (49) of patients with CD, and 70.0% (7) of patients with IBDU declared not to perform any dermatological control (p = 0.013). A total of 77% of patients had abdominal ultrasound. Out of 52.9% of patients for whom colonoscopy was recommended, only 27.3% had it performed (16.9% (30) with CD vs. 43.1% (50) with UC p < 0.001). Most examinations were ordered by gastroenterologists. Female patients had regular breast control (CD, 78.6% (66); UC, 91.2% (52); IBDU, 50% (2); p = 0.034), and 93.8% (76) had gynecological examinations. Additionally, 80.2% of patients knew about HPV, but most declared not to be vaccinated. A total of 17.9% of patients had urological control, but most had no important pathology detected. According to our study, many patients are still exposed to risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and low physical activity, that are modifiable. Laboratory tests in patients with immunosuppressive treatment should be performed regularly. Systematic control, especially dermatological checkups, should be recommended. Additionally, not only gastrologists but also other specialists and GPs should remind patients about regular checkups. Primary prevention, such as HPV vaccinations, should be recommended to all patients.

РЕВОЛЮЦИИ И «ЦВЕТНЫЕ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ»: ОБЩЕЕ И ОСОБЕННОЕ

Color revolution is a term introduced and used by the mass media since around 2004 to describe various anti-regime protest movements and accompanying (attempted or successful) changes of government that took place in post-Soviet territory during late 20th — early 21st centuries. It should be noted that use of this term in the present-date media or official political discourse is not limited by the CIS region. Color revolutions that have become one of the most prominent political phenomena of the new millennium having affected many regions worldwide are not only a part of history, but also a material for active scientific reflection of the researchers and public persons in respect of preconditions and underlying causes of such phenomena, which problem becomes ever more topical in the modern world, whereas the so-called “forced democratization” with massive involvement of the up-to-date political technologies and techniques for achievement of the set goals serves as the pretext for interference into interior affairs of the sovereign states. Given that this concept is moving beyond the 21st century and it is possible to project it to somewhat earlier events, we may put a predictable question as to what exactly we mean by the “color revolution”, and in which way any given public unrest and power shift may be added to this group. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the patterns of the studied phenomenon related to destabilization of political environment in the country, explore its main signs and implementation models, specific aspects of the protest movement and power struggle. The article analyzes the theoretical concept of “color revolutions”, investigates whether it is reasonable to consider them as revolutions per se, reviews the new coup technologies in the modern political practices, and identifies their driving forces and mechanisms.

The Assessment of the Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Foot.

The negative effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are multi-dimensional. Foot deformities lead to disability, pain, and impaired quality of life. Identifying the difficulties in functioning rheumatoid foot and assessing the quality of life in this aspect. The material included 50 patients of Rheumatology Policlinic of the Central Clinical Hospital of Interior Affairs in Warsaw and a matched control group of 50 individuals without RA. The degree of foot joint damage was assessed using the Manchester scale, lower limb movement and quality of life using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score and HAQ. The duration of symptoms was 16.0 ± 8.9 years. High activity of RA measured by the DAS was observed in 20% of patients, moderate in 26%, and low in 54%. The most common foot deformities were: hammer toes (82%), longitudinal flat feet (74%), and hyperkeratosis (56%). The least frequent were: stiff toe (38%) and overlapping fingers (28%). In the RA group, the outcomes of the FAOS questionnaire were statistically significantly worse than in the control group in all categories (p<0.001). The worst-rated domain was the sport and recreation subscale (median 55.0), the best daily activity (median 86.8). The strongest relationship was demonstrated between the FAOS and HAQ indices. Spearman's HAQ correlation coefficient with the ADL subscale was r=-0.85, p<0.001; with the QOL, sport/recreation and pain subscales moderate, it was r=-0.72; r= 0.71, p <0.001. Lower limb movement function and quality of life are worse in RA patients; pain accompanies climbing and descending stairs; running and jumping require effort.

Assessment of Rheumatoid Hand Function as a Characteristic Feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients Treated with Methotrexate or Methotrexate with Biological Agents with or without Deformation of Hands.

The hand is an excellent work tool that provides the functional ability to mechanical work. The hand is affected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, it is a significant problem in the functional sphere as a result of deformities, the grasping function limitation and muscle strength. The aim of the study was the assessment of grip strength, endurance and manipulation abilities of rheumatoid hands with or without deformities treated with methotrexate (MTX) or MTX plus biologics (MTX+BIO). The study involved 80 RA women, (40 received MTX+BIO, 40 MTX), treated at the Rheumatology Department of the Central Clinical Hospital of Interior Affairs in Warsaw. VASpain, DAS28, SDAI, HAQ, HAQ hands, estimation of hand grip strength, endurance, and manipulation ability were analyzed. In group MTX+BIO, values of DAS28 (3.7±1.3 vs. 4.3±1.2, p=0.019), HAQ (0.72 ± 0.57 vs. 1.08± 0.87, p=0.011) and HAQ-hand (0.85±0.65 vs. 1.19±0.68, p=0.024) were statistically lower than in MTX group. Hand deformations were recorded in 35 (43.7%) cases, 16 (40%) in MTX group, 19 (47.5%) in MTX+BIO. Comparison of grip strength, endurance, and manipulation ability showed better results in MTX+BIO group with deformities (significance level from 0.013 to 0.046) than in MTX group. Relative differences in hand function in MTX + BIO group ranged from 10.8% (maximal power grip strength) to 127.6% (minimal hand endurance), after disease duration adjustment - from 28.2% (maximal power grip strength) to 148.4% (minimal hand endurance). Measuring grip strength, hand endurance, manipulation abilities are useful in RA patients with hand deformities.

P164 Assessment of awareness and compliance with the recommendations of primary and secondary prevention of cancer in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are at risk of developing malignancies, so prevention and adherence to cancer screening may improve its detection. The aim of this study was to asses the compliance with medical recommendations, especially primary and secondary prevention of cancer. Methods This prospective, one-center study was carried out between June and October 2021r. amongst patients from Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology with IBD Division, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administrations, Warsaw, Poland. Patients were asked to complete anonymous questionnaire which included 42 questions concerning lifestyle, cancer risk factors, cancer history, and checkups in patients with IBD. Results A total of 190 patients with IBD were included in survey. 117 (61.6%) had CD, 67 (35.3%) UC and 6 (3.2%) unclassified disease. 43.7% were women and more than a half of them had &amp;gt;8 years of the length of the disease. In total 84.2% were taking mesalazine, 48.4% immunosupresive medication and 77.9% biological treatment. Statistically significantly (p=0.034) more patients with CD than those with UC practiced regular physical activity (respectively 65.8% and 48.5%). Patients with UC more often were non-smokers (76.7% vs 92.5% for CD and UC respectively; p=0.007). 39.7% of patients with CD and 27.3% with UC declared alcohol consumption (p=0.128). Only 6% of patients responded not to use sun protection measures when sun-bathing but 24.8% with CD and 34.4% with UC didn’t have regular full-body skin examinations. 78.7% of patients had abdominal ultrasound scan performed in the last year. Out of 52.7% who had colonoscopy recommended, 49.3% of patients declared that the examination was carried out (36.8% of CD and 65.5% of UC; p= 0.038) and another endoscopy was scheduled (18.6% of CD and 48.4% of UC; p&amp;lt;0.001). According to respondents cholangio-MRI was recommended to 14.3% patients with CD and 6.2% with UC (p=0.219). Only 1 patient in both groups did not perform this examination. Most of the examinations were recommended by gastroenterologists. Moreover, in the last 12 months 59.6% of female answerer declared to have ultrasound imagining of the breast and 98.7% gynecological examination performed (65.4% had regular Pap-test screening). 82.3% of respondents knew about HPV vaccination but only 25% were vaccinated. Conclusion Our study reveals that many of IBD patients are exposed on risk factors of malignancies. Screening for cancer and regular checkups should be regularly performed. Primary prevention, such as HPV vaccinations, should be reminded to all patients.

A táncpedagógus-képzés állami szabályozásának története

In regard to dance teacher training, the process of state regulation began with a recognition of dance education as an activity worthy of regulation, followed by efforts to gradually bring it under state control. Until the middle of the 20th century, this mainly resulted in the regulation of dance school activities by professional interest protection organizations and regulations related to exit exams. These measures began in 1922 when for the first time the minister of interior affairs established a dance master qualification examination board for the state recognition of certificates issued by professional associations. After 1945, the process diversified in terms of genres (e.g., ballet, the art of movement, folk dance, and ballroom dance) and, in addition to the regulation of training, took shape in the creation of state institutions. In 1974, dance teacher training was raised to the college level, and finally after 2006, as a result of the Bologna process, the master’s degree represented the highest attainment in the training of dance teachers.

The Dutch “Digi Commissioner” (2014-2018)

The Dutch governmental digital infrastructure (Generic Digital Infrastructure; GDI) is a vital element of state functioning. This article investigates the governance of the GDI as exemplified by the activities of the Digi Commissioner (officially the ‘National Coordinator Digital Government’). In 2014 the Digi Commissioner was made responsible for coordinating and re-structuring GDI-governance. Early 2018 his tasks were transferred to the Ministry of Interior Affairs. Some progress was made, but according to the Digi Commissioner himself the GDI still leaves much to be desired and is far from future proof. The article will discuss the Dutch digital infrastructure by adopting several perspectives. First, by defining and describing the development of the GDI. Second, by analysing the activities and achievements of the Digi Commissioner. Third, by applying behavioural economics and securitization concepts offering relevant insights with regard to the (lack of) GDI-progress.

Capacity assessment of integrated coastal management for Taiwanese local government

Most of the members of the Competent Authority are from the professions such as fisheries or urban planning, which has limited capacity for integrated coastal management, and are urgent on getting into capacity development. Therefore, this paper assesses Taiwan's local government's integrated coastal management capabilities through the competency assessment framework provided by the United Nations Development Program as for bridging the gap between required capacity and existing capacity. The main findings of the study are: in terms of Institutional arrangements, the scores of "incorporating stakeholders", "budgeting, management and execution", and "making policies and strategies" are lower. For leadership level and knowledge level, each item has a higher score than 3.30, which shows that local government personnel mostly agree with the leaders of integrated coastal management and have certain knowledge; and in terms of accountability, only "whether your organization has the ability to establish a strong vision of a responsible mechanism" has a lower score of 3.03, which shows that local government personnel also agree on the level of accountability. This shows that the current management and maintaining the status quo of the Competent Authority lacks of overall planning for future coastal use. The leaders of the existing coastal management authorities should form a cross-disciplinary team to fully plan for the coast for the future. In terms of training, there should be a coastal management authority to conduct central training in the first place, and subsidies to the local government. Therefore, we are able to gradually implement integrated coastal management. SummaryIn order to promote integrated coastal management and promote the sustainable development of coastal areas, our country announced in February 2015 the implementation of the "Coastal Zone Management Act", the Ministry of Interior Affairs is responsible for the development of the overall coastal management plan, and the local government is responsible for the formulation of the secondary protection plan and the protection plan. However, only a small number of local governments in Taiwan currently have marine affairs specialized units, the rest of the county and city coastal management affairs are mostly promoted by the Urban Development Bureau or the Construction Department. Most of the members of the Competent Authority are from the professions such as fisheries or urban planning, which has limited capacity for integrated coastal management, and are urgent on getting into capacity development. Therefore, the following study assesses Taiwan's local government's integrated coastal management capabilities through the competency assessment framework provided by the United Nations Development Program as for bridging the gap between required capacity and existing capacity. The main findings of the study are: in terms of Institutional arrangements, the scores of "incorporating stakeholders", "budgeting, management and execution", and "making policies and strategies" are lower. For leadership level and knowledge level, each item has a higher score than 3.30, which shows that local government personnel mostly agree with the leaders of integrated coastal management and have certain knowledge; and in terms of accountability, only "whether your organization has the ability to establish a strong vision of a responsible mechanism" has a lower score of 3.03, which shows that local government personnel also agree on the level of accountability. This shows that the current management and maintaining the status quo of the Competent Authority lacks of overall planning for future coastal use. The leaders of the existing coastal management authorities should form a cross-disciplinary team to fully plan for the coast for the future. In terms of training, there should be a coastal management authority to conduct central training in the first place, and subsidies to the local government. Therefore, we are able to gradually implement integrated coastal management.

P-29 Pancreatic cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: A high-volume Polish centre experience

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a huge overload of the healthcare system worldwide. The Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior Affairs and Administration is a leading center in pancreatic oncology in Poland, where the largest number of pancreatic cancer surgeries is performed every year. Despite a significant reduction in the number of oncological beds in the period from March to December 2020 (9 beds, compared to 55 in 2019), a total of 116 surgeries were performed in the clinic in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Judicial Legislations and the Tribal Claims System in the Royal Period: A Documentary Study

The present research tackles a number of historical facts and incidents with a purely legal dimension in an important stage in the contemporary history of Iraq, especially the era of the British occupation. This resulted in innumerable social, political and legal problems, particularily the judicial legislation problems in Iraq. These legislations included a set of civil laws and in force governmental procedures that will be discussed historically by examining documents issued by the Ministries of Justice and Interior Affairs in the governments of monarchy for the period from 1921-to-1958. The data of the present paper relied on the Iraqi Library and Archives, (hence DKW). The study adopted the narrative historical methodology when investigating the judicial legislations in the royal era from 1921-to-1958. The scale adopted was the contemporary measurement and evaluation in the Iraqi contemporary history. Finally, the results revealed that the history of the penal procedures in the royal era was those multiple attempts to reconcile between the two types of penal procedures that represent the history of the relationship between the individual and the state. Such legislations were set according to the circumstances of each country and to the level of its intellectual, social, political and human development to serve primarily the interests of the British occupation, and fulfill the desires of the influential class in the royal era. Because these legislations and laws were not based on modern scientific theories, many people were wronged, including the judicial authority and legal clerks who complained from their implementation and their continual application on Iraq for all this period.

Determining the Cognitive Structures of University Students About Covid-19 Virus

Bu araştırmanın amacı covid-19 virüsü hakkında lisans ve önlisans öğrencilerinin bilişsel yapılarını belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışmasının kullanıldığı bu araştırmada veri kaynaklarını demografik bilgiler, bilgi kaynağı ve kelime ilişkilendirme testi oluşturmuştur. 32 ilden 112 lisans ve önlisans öğrencisinin katıldığı araştırmada veriler Google form aracılığı ile toplanmış, elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların bilgi kaynağı olarak en çok televizyon ve sosyal medyayı kullandığı, güven kaynağı olarak Sağlık ve İçişleri Bakanlığının açıklamalarını göstermektedir. Katılımcıların covid-19 hakkındaki bilişsel yapıları 11 kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Bu Covid-19 sonuçları, bulaşma yolları, Covid’e yönelik algılar, özellikleri, bulaşma nedeni, tedavisi, taşıyıcıları, korunma yolları, hastalık sürecinin özellikleri, basına yansımaları Covid-19 görüldüğü ülkeler olmak üzere 11 kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Katılımcıların Covid-19 kavramı hakkında bilişsel yapılarının algı, bulaşma nedeni ve korunma yolları üzerinde yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında katılımcıların Covid-19 virüsü hakkında bazı kavram yanılgılarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Legal grounds of the activity of the Central Committee on Prisoners of War and Refugees (1918-1919)

The subject of this research is the system and types of normative legal acts that regulate the establishment and activity of the Central Committee on Prisoners of War and Refugees as a part &amp;nbsp;of the Council of People&amp;rsquo;s Commissars on War Affairs of the RSFSR prior to being assigned to People's Commissariat for Interior Affairs of the RSFSR in May 1919. The establishment of migration authorities took place in the objectively severe conditions of civil war and foreign intervention, which affected their legal status. The scientific novelty of this work consists in provision of classification of legal acts in accordance with the legal force, subjects of compliance, content area, and the nature of regulations contained therein. The conducted research demonstrates that the formation of grounds of legal regulation of the activity of the Central Committee on Prisoners of War and Refugees tool place simultaneously with the establishment and development of the Soviet law as a new historical type of law, and these grounds are its constitute elements. The obtained results significantly broaden our historical knowledge, allow rationalizing experience of the past and implementing it in the educational process along with the current practice aimed at improvement of organization and activity of migration authorities.

朝鲜“并进”外交政策及中朝关系 -金正日执政后期为中心-

The 17-year-leadership of Kim Jong Il, started from his election as Chairman of the North Korean National Defense Committee, could be divided into four periods, namely, the leadership under the guide of the will period; the pre-administration period; the mid-administration period; and the late-administration period. This paper aims to analyze the “Byungjin” foreign policy and China-DPRK relations pursued by North Korea in the late Kim Jong-il’s administration from the perspective of the assumptions of North Korea’s implementation of the nuclear-holding strategy and effectuation of the nuclear issue as the main theme of great power game. The late Kim Jong Il administration was in the transition period of the regime of successor system. Although DPRK achieved the staged goal of the nuclear ownership strategy with the success of two nuclear tests, the national security situation was still grim. In order to successfully complete the transition of the regime and implement the “powerful and prosperous” national strategy, North Korea adopted “Byungjin approach” in both interior and foreign affairs. Concerning the interior affairs, on the basis of adhering to “military-first politics”, more attention was paid to economic development and the improvement of people’s livelihood. As to the foreign affairs, focuses were on both the “nuclear diplomacy” and “economy diplomacy”, that is, the “Byungjin approach”. On the one hand, the nuclear diplomacy strategy was continuously advanced, and the “Brinkmanship” strategy and the off “Six-Party Talks” mechanism were carried on to defend the results of nuclear tests against such countries as the United States, South Korea, Japan and others with regard to the North Korean nuclear issue. On the other hand, the economic factors in foreign activities were paid due attention to. The economy-promoting-governance policy was taken to promote the economic-diplomatic relations between the friendly countries such as China and Russia; and to improve the relations with the United States, Japan, and South Korea, aiming at the economic benefits. In the process of implementing the “Byungjin” foreign policy, Kim Jong Il personally promoted the development of DPRK-China relations, actively sought a foreign policy with the political support and economic cooperation as the core with China, so as to elevate Sino-DPRK relations to a strategic height and a long-term prospect. To strengthen the political support and economic cooperation and assistance from China, Kim Jong Il administration maintained close communication by way of high-level exchanges on the matters of DPRK nuclear issue and others, and promoted mutual trust and reciprocal cooperation continuously. Taking the event of “PRC-DPRK Friendship Year” as an opportunity, the economic and trade cooperation were enhanced, and the cultural exchanges were enlivened. After the trial of North Korean nuclear tests, the new type of neighborly, friendly and cooperative state-to-state relations have been further developed.

Criminality Countermeasures Through Attainment Scientific Truth and Its Practical Implementation in Works and Law Enforcement of Professor V.S. Ishigeyev

The sphere of scientific interests of Doctor habil. in Law, Professor V.S. Ishigeyev is a reflection of multiversity and remarkability of his personality and is determined both by the previous and currently implemented experience of practical law enforcement activity. Criminal behavior countermeasure as an aggregate of multi-aspect measures of criminal and criminological, in particular, policy is regarded by him through the measures of penitentiary prevention, criminalistics and criminal-legal support of their efficiency. Establishment of the professors scientific sphere was connected with criminalistic works and thesis research which became a deflection of his successful work in the interior affairs bodies and his academic activity in the Chair of Criminal and Legal Disciplines of Irkutsk Branch of Khabarovsk Law Enforcement Academy (now East-Siberian Institute of Ministry of Interior Affairs of the Russian Federation). The further scientific studies were connected with problems of penitentiary criminality and measures of it prevention. The thesis research, prepared in the Chair of Criminal Law and Criminology of Baikal State University and devoted to these problems, allowed to develop understanding of the criminal-penitentiary prevention and criminal-penitentiary legislation. V.S. Ishigeyev is an active advocate of developing the teaching of professional criminality and its topical manifestations, the theory and practice of qualification of separate types of crimes and criminal punishment. Being the author of seven monographs, eight study letters, and more than 50 scientific articles of the criminal and legal cycle, Professor Ishigeyev is successfully lending his knowledge and experience, including his practical activities, to his followers, 16 Ph.D. theses were defended under his scientific supervision. At the same time, the Professor is an author of two literary works tht reflect the experience of his advocacy activity.

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego we Wrocławiu z dnia 29 października 2019 r. (I ACa 698/19, niepublikowany)

&lt;p&gt;The Court of Appeal in Wrocław, in its judgement of 29 October 2019 (I ACa 698/19) amending the judgement of the District Court of Wrocław of 28 February 2019 (I C733/18), declared invalid the acquisition of a real property by a South Korean citizen. In its judgement, the Court of Appeal in Wrocław interpreted Article 8 (2) of the Act of 24 March 1920 on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners. This provision governs the subjective scope of the exemption from the obligation to obtain the authorisation from the minister competent for interior affairs for the acquisition of real property. The Court of Appeal has concluded that a natural person who is a foreign person within the meaning of the Act on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners and who is not a citizen of the European Economic Area Member State or the Swiss Confederation, even though pursues individual economic activity in the territory of the Republic of Poland, shall not be entitled to the exemption provided for in Article 8 (2) of the Act on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners concerning nationals and undertakings of the Member States of the European Economic Area agreement or the Swiss Confederation, as this would be contrary to the function of the Act on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners and the systemic and teleological interpretation of Article 8 (2) of this Act.&lt;/p&gt;

Проблеми транспортної інфраструктури Одеси та пректи для їх вирішення

В статті розглядаються основні проблеми транс-портної інфраструктури Одеси, причини їх виникнення та наслідки. Головними є: недостатня кількість дорожніх об’єктів для здійснення зв’язку центральної частини міста з мікрорайонами, недостатність магістралей, відсутність системи невуличного транспорту (у тому числі для забезпечення морських прибережних сполучень), чіткого призначення велодоріжок, проблеми парковок та ін. Розглядаються цілі проектів, спрямовані на поліпшення ситуації, що склалася.