Inter-institutional Interaction Research Articles

THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE ON THE BACKGROUND OF CRISIS POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the form of government as a structural basis for the exercise of power, formed within the framework of constitutional law, under the condition of representation of the main socio-economic groups of society. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the form of state government as a factor in the formation of democratic institutional design. Features of the form of government as a factor of institutionalization of relations between authorized centers of power are characterized. It was emphasized that the modernization of the form of government in the political agenda may indicate a lack of deep consensus regarding the development of the political system. The significance of changes for institutional design within the evolution of the form of state government, which depends on the level of satisfaction of the requirements and needs of key political players, is analyzed. The significance of the political experience of Ukraine, which during the last decades has shown that political expediency is a more significant principle than considerations of preserving constitutional stability, is revealed. It was found that the existence of the current form of government in Ukraine is the result of the evolution of certain institutions, first of all, the institution of the presidency. In the context of the experience of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the assessment of the crisis phenomena of 2008 and 2010 becomes important, in particular the pressure of the demands of socio-economic balancing, which caused the “internal national reading” of the functioning of the form of government. It is revealed that the use of the existing potential of the form of government to ensure advantages in political competition led to the authoritarianization of the institution of the prime minister in modern Hungary. It has been proven that the international community’s fixation on the deterioration of the state of human rights protection has become a clear evidence of the influence of the form of government on inter-institutional interactions, in particular, in increasing the pressure of public authorities on civil society. It was established that the contradictions between high standards and the demands of the consumer society caused the support of right-wing conservative populist political forces. It was found that the situation in modern Slovakia shows that the parliamentary republic as a form of government also ensured the transition to democracy and the observance of democratic procedures. It was established that the trends of “non-normative” use of the power potential of the form of state government may indicate the search for a national model of balance between branches of government and key officials. It was concluded that a high level of self-regulation in the political system corresponds to a high level of civil political activity, responsibility and consensus of political elites, professionalism of the political class as a whole.

Interinstitutional Interaction between the Head of State and the US Congress: Historical Context and Modern Features

Interinstitutional Interaction between the Head of State and the US Congress: Historical Context and Modern Features

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article examines the essence of the institutional and functional architecture of industrial development strategic planning, which is an ordered system of relations between various institutions in course of designing the industrial strategy. The goal of the article is to identify the features of the functional and institutional architecture of strategic planning and to determine their impact on strategic decision-making processes in the field of industrial development. The main modules of strategic planning architecture are singled out. In particular, they include responsibility centers (which can be the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine or the Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine) and stakeholders, as well as their roles and functions, legislation, and flows of information and analytical data. It was revealed that there are six main functions organizations perform during the strategic planning: framework goals of higher level; strategic goal setting; analysis of environment; strategic alternatives assessment; distinction of steering and planning functions; relationship between planning and budgeting. While the government has its own vision of strategic goals which depends on the political and technical performance of the responsible institution, it is important to engage various government and non-government institutions and business in strategic planning industry development. This idea was also supported within the models of strategic decision making – the model of strategic choice oriented on internal institutional capabilities and external control model which argues the external determinants highly contribute to the variation of the strategic alternatives assessment should be combined. In Ukraine main stakeholders can be represented by business associations and trade unions, R&D institutions and universities, think tanks and civil society organizations. Organizations providing statistical and analytical information also play an important role. There were determined several ways of stakeholders’ involvement in strategic planning of industry development – through participation in working group, through public discussion and through public inquiries preparing experts assessments. Ensuring transparency and efficiency of inter-institutional interaction, trust and support from key stakeholders is also an important component for stimulating systemic change. As a result of these findings the model of functional and institutional architecture of strategic planning of industrial development was elaborated in the study.

Spillover dynamics and inter-institutional interactions between CSDP and AFSJ: moving towards a more joined-up EU external migration policy?

ABSTRACT The EU’s response to the European ‘refugee crisis’ has involved parallel efforts to strengthen the EU’s capacity for external migration management in the domains of CSDP and AFSJ. To provide a swift response to the ‘refugee crisis’ in 2015, EU member states decided to utilise existing operational CSDP capabilities as a short-term foreign policy tool. Simultaneously, we have seen an impressive strengthening of the mandate and capabilities of ASFJ actors in external migration governance. Although institutional links between civilian CSDP and AFSJ have existed for over two decades, the parallel task expansion has created new demands for inter-institutional coordination between the two policy areas. Combining neofunctionalist theory with insights from research on inter-institutional overlap, this article argues that responses to neofunctionalist spillover pressures may trigger inter-institutional dynamics, which can involve both cooperation as well as conflict. Empirically, we find that these inter-institutional interactions have had important implications for integration in both policy areas, which cannot be fully understood by studying these policy domains in isolation.

The coral reefs of global governance: how formal IOs make informality work

ABSTRACT Why have states increasingly relied on informal IOs as instruments of cooperation? Most research on this question has focused on identifying incentives that lead states to establish informal bodies. But attention is turning to ‘supply-side’ factors – those making it easier for informal IOs to operate. I advance this strand of research by explaining how formal IOs make informality work. Specifically, I theorize how the presence of formal institutions in a region or issue area – particularly, those capable of providing key resources and services to informal IOs – changes calculations about their viability and leads policymakers to embrace informality more readily. Support for this argument is provided through an analysis of formal IO assistance to informal bodies, and case studies of the EU’s impact on two organizations – COST and EUREKA – to unpack the mechanisms at work. Overall, the article offers insights into the drivers of informality, presents original data on inter-institutional interactions, and speaks to broader arguments about the EU, organizational ecology, and regime complexity.

EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION AS AN ELEMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND PRODUCTION CLUSTER: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT

The article proposes and characterizes a model of an educational and production cluster with an integrated element of extracurricular education in the context of public administration. The current challenges of the system of extracurricular education in Ukraine and the reasons for their occurrence are determined. Attention is focused on the fact that state and local self-government bodies need to find new ways to implement public administration of extracurricular education, ensuring its sustainable development in conditions of limited resources and further (potential) challenges/consequences by using opportunities for inter-institutional interaction of the public and private sectors based on public-private partnership, which is achieved in the application of the cluster model of activity of the relevant subjects – the formation of educational and production clusters. An analysis of the main provisions of the works of M. Porter, R. Martin, P. Sanli and Ukrainian scientists who studied the problems of cluster functioning was carried out: Ye. Borodin, I. Chikarenko, L. Zelenska, G. Piatnytska, O. Reshetniak, Yu. Zaika. It was determined that the concept of a cluster is multifaceted; is not unified, and the content depends on the context and scope of application; can be used in the educational field. In view of this, the definition of an educational cluster is proposed – cooperation of various relevant subjects of public administration and educational activity, which use each other's capabilities and resources to meet the educational needs of education seekers and implement joint projects. Different types of clusters were identified depending on the “core”. The importance of the integration of extracurricular education institutions with other subjects of educational and entrepreneurial activity through the formation of educational and production clusters is emphasized. The role of public authorities in the formation of educational & educational and production clusters, integration of external entities is determined. Based on this review, the definition of an educational-industrial cluster is proposed – cooperation between public authorities (state authorities/local self-government) and relevant subjects of educational activity with subjects of entrepreneurial activity that use opportunities (available and potential) and resources of each other for satisfaction educational needs of education seekers (as consumers of services) and implementation of joint mutually beneficial projects based on public-private partnership. It was revealed that the main advantages of the clustering of extracurricular education are the improvement of the quality of the provision of educational services due to the comprehensive coverage of education seekers by both formal and informal education; unification of resources of subjects of educational activity, in particular personnel resources for carrying out educational activities; the possibility of using the material and technical base of all entities of the cluster.

Special legislative procedure in EU law: areas of regulation and specifics of interinstitutional cooperation

The article is devoted to the issue of cooperation between the institutions of the European Union in the process of adopting legal acts within the framework of a special legislative procedure. Authors analyzed the scope of application of special legislative procedure and ordinary legislative procedure in the EU. It was revealed that the adoption of acts in accordance with one or another type of legislative procedure reflects the dual nature of the European Union, which contains both supranational and interstate principles of legal regulation of various spheres of public relations. The main types of special legislative procedure (consultation, approval) are considered, within the framework of which, in practice, there is intense inter-institutional interaction in the process of developing the final text of the draft act, including through informal consultations and other procedures not directly enshrined in the EU primary law. Although the Council continues to dominate in most cases of the use of special legislative procedure, Parliament nevertheless has relatively wide opportunities to influence the position of the Council. De facto, the expansion of the Parliaments powers within the framework of a special legislative procedure is facilitated by both the position of the EU Court, expressed in a number of decisions on specific cases, and the increased degree of Parliaments influence on the activities of the Commission (which, as a general rule, has the right to initiate legislation), enshrined in the provisions of the constituent agreements.

Practice Makes Dialogue: Reconceptualizing Constitutional Interaction between Courts and Legislatures

Abstract The question of how to understand and conceptualize inter-institutional interaction between courts and legislatures, particularly in the context of constitutional challenges, has drawn considerable attention over the years. This question is of special importance to the apprehension of constitutional dialogue as simultaneously describing and shaping constitutional interaction. This article focuses on the descriptive aspects of the constitutional dialogue and through them proposes a reconceptualization of constitutional dialogue, which is not based on the mere existence of legislative responses or the number thereof, or on the existence of different structural constitutional mechanisms. Instead, this reconceptualization is based on the de facto use in constitutional practices during the routine constitutional examination process, by the judiciary and political branches altogether. The article introduces a breadth-and-depth approach, which observes many constitutional decisions and legislative responses and uses them to analyze the nature of courts-legislatures dynamics. These insights are derived not only from the mere existence of a ruling or a statute, but also from the content and design of the institutional outcome thereof. The conclusions drawn using this approach are comprehensive, providing insight into the constitutional and dialogic interaction between courts and legislatures in each constitutional system, as well as identifying trends and changes as they occur. The article also offers an application of this approach to Israeli jurisprudence, illuminating the depth and complexity of this interaction, and enabling us to recognize it as a constitutional system with strong dialogic characteristics.

Mechanism of Interinstitutional Cooperation in the Framework of the Ordinary Legislative Procedure According to the EU Law

The article is devoted to the issue of the interaction of key institutions in the European Union in the process of adopting acts within the framework of the usual legislative procedure. The authors provide the analysis of the process of the ordinary legislative procedure on the basis of the norms of the primary and secondary law of the EU, as well as the decision making practice of the Parliament and the Council of the EU. It has been revealed that throughout the legislative procedure there is an active interaction of the Parliament, the Council and the EU Commission in order to develop and adopt the compromise text of an act. This interaction is most active in the form of informal trilateral consultations, the mechanism of which is not formally enshrined in the EU Constituent Treaties. A significant role in their implementation is assigned to the Commission, which in general, throughout the ordinary legislative procedure, acts as a kind of mediator in the interaction of the Parliament with the Council. In most cases the mechanism of tripartite consultations allows the adoption of a legislative act already in the first reading without the second and third readings. At the same time, the established practice of interinstitutional interaction within the framework of the usual legislative procedure increases the duration of consideration and adoption of draft acts.

Chinese Universities Mobilise FDI and DDI for the City’s Innovativeness in the ICT Sector

Abstract We explored whether university populations (intensity) moderate the link between FDI (foreign direct investment) or DDI (domestic direct investment) and the city’s innovativeness in the ICT sector. With the moderating role of universities between resources and the city’s development level, we relied on institutional theory. Institutional theory combines the technical and symbolic concepts (network structure) of the university. With panel data based on 5166 observations from 287 Chinese cities over 18 years (1999 to 2016), we used the maximum likelihood method to test hypotheses for direct and indirect effects. The direct effect of baseline hypotheses represents the FDI and DDI; university intensity has a moderating effect. In the former case, the FDI and DDI positively correlate with the city’s innovativeness in China’s ICT sector. In the latter case, the population of universities in the city positively moderates the relation between these resources and the city’s development level. These findings contributed to the literature at three levels. First, the study contributes to ICT development and the city’s innovativeness in the research context. Second, the study contributes to university intensity as a resource mobilizer in institutional theory, emphasising that interinstitutional interaction supports resource flow for better performance in certain geographical locations. Third, the study contributes to policy- and practice-related issues related to city development, the smart environment, and ICT development as an enabling infrastructure.

The "Super-Network": Fostering Interaction Between Human Rights and Climate Change Institutions

This article contributes to understanding unique forms of actor constellations and their tactics in fostering institutional interaction. It explores interaction processes between the human rights and the climate regime, and more specifically, the incorporation of human rights in the 2015 Paris climate agreement. During the Paris negotiations, an inter-constituency alliance comprised of environmental movements, human rights organizations, gender activists, indigenous peoples’ representatives, trade unions, youth groups and faith-based organizations successfully lobbied for the incorporation of rights principles into the new climate instrument. I argue that this alliance can be grasped as a "super-network", a network above several individual transnational advocacy networks (TANs), that works across policy fields and uses information, symbols and stories, as well as accountability and leverage politics to foster interaction between a source institution (human rights regime) and a target institution (climate regime). By employing a package approach, which reiterates a core message of common principles individual networks have agreed on, the "super-network" changed the practices of governments in international negotiations and fostered inter-institutional interaction. Empirically, my research is mainly based on expert interviews and participatory observations at the strategic meetings of TANs at three different climate negotiations in Warsaw (2013), Paris (2015) and Bonn (2017), including follow-up skype interviews with key experts between 2013 and 2020.

Social Adaptation of Orphans in the Post-Boarding Period: Sociological Aspect

The article is devoted to one of the pressing problems, such as post-boarding adaptation of graduates-orphans of boarding schools. The author of the publication defines the essence of interinstitutional (interdepartmental) interaction in the work on post-boarding support for graduates-orphans. The main problems of post-boarding support for orphans are identified. Also, the author of the publication defines the concept of “post-boarding support for graduates-orphans” in a broad and narrow sense. Recommendations are given for improving the process of post-boarding support for orphans graduated from boarding schools.It is noted that post-boarding adaptation of boarding school graduates is one of the most difficult stages of their life, therefore, the result of this process is the formation of positive skills of social adaptation in society, such as the ability to live and interact in the social space of rights and responsibilities; the need for study and work as a means of personal self-realization; an active and responsible attitude towards oneself and one’s own destiny, as well as the manifestation of an active attitude in helping and supporting people in need. Almost all (or more than 90%) of orphans in boarding schools, especially in adolescence, experience difficulties in the formation of a system of value orientations, professional and personal self-determination, the establishment of emotional (positive) connections with other people, the free mastery of leisure, social, everyday activities ... It is also undeniable that the difficulties of the process of social adaptation of graduates-orphans of boarding schools are due, on the one hand, to the specifics and type of the boarding institution itself, in which the graduate was brought up, the use of methods and techniques of pedagogical influence on orphans in the process of education, etc. on the other hand, the lack of a family and family education, as well as a positive experience of being in a family environment in the life of orphans, as the dominant institution of socialization.

Practice Makes Dialogue: Reconceptualizing Constitutional Interaction between Courts and Legislatures

The question of how to understand and conceptualize inter-institutional interaction between courts and legislatures, particularly in the context of constitutional challenges, has drawn considerable attention over the years. This question is of special importance to the apprehension of constitutional dialogue as simultaneously describing and shaping constitutional interaction. This article focuses on the descriptive aspects of the constitutional dialogue, and through them proposes a reconceptualization of constitutional dialogue, which is not based on the mere existence of legislative responses or the number thereof, or on the existence of different structural constitutional mechanisms. Instead, this reconceptualization is based on the de facto use in constitutional practices during the routine constitutional examination process, by the judiciary and political branches altogether. The article introduces a breadth-and-depth approach, which observes many constitutional decisions and legislative responses and uses them to analyze the nature of courts-legislatures dynamics. These insights are derived not only from the mere existence of a ruling or a statute, but also from the content and design of the institutional outcome thereof. The conclusions drawn using this approach are comprehensive, providing insight into the constitutional and dialogic interaction between courts and legislatures in each constitutional system, as well as identifying trends and changes as they occur. The article also offers an application of this approach to Israeli jurisprudence, illuminating the depth and complexity of this interaction, and enabling us to recognize it as a constitutional system with strong dialogic characteristics.

ДЕФИЦИТЫ ПОДГОТОВКИ БАКАЛАВРОВ-ДЕФЕКТОЛОГОВ К СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЮ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Statement of the problem. At the present stage of educational development, new requirements are laid for the professional activity of a defectologist teacher. One of the priority requirements is the readiness and ability of specialists of this profile to carry out defectological support for students with disabilities/ disorders, in the conditions of organizations implementing exclusively adapted basic general education programs, as well as in general education schools. The qualification request of employers for the content of master’s training in the field of correctional activities should be confirmed by a request for relevant professional competencies from already employed specialists and bachelor alumni in the field of 44.03.03 Special (defectological) education. The purpose of the article is identification of deficiencies of vocational training among bachelor speech pathologists for determination of the structure of professional competences for master students in the field of 44.04.03 Special (defectological) education, necessary for work in the sphere of special and inclusive education. Methodology (materials and methods). Analysis of Russian and foreign studies on the training of specialists in the field of special (defectological) education, regulatory documents in the field of education, a survey of senior students in the field of 44.03.03 Special (defectological) education, a survey of employed speech teachers and defectologists; analysis and synthesis of the authors’ experience in training defectologists of the corresponding profile. Research results. The article presents the results of a survey of speech teachers and defectologists, senior students in the field of 44.03.03 Special (defectological) education in order to identify deficits in the professional training of bachelor defectologists. Taking into account the identified deficits and the qualification request of employers for the preparation of master’s degree students, who are able to carry out corrective work with students of different nosological groups, as well as with severe multiple developmental disorders, a master’s program entitled Technologies for corrective work of a defectologist teacher with children with hearing, vision, and intelligence disorders has been developed and implemented. Conclusions. As a result of the study, deficits in the training of future defectologists were identified, consisting in a lack of competence related to the ability to carry out interdisciplinary and inter-institutional interaction to accompany students with disabilities and their parents. On the basis of the results of the survey, the composition of professional competencies was approved for the master’s program in the field of 44.04.03 Special (defectological) education.

Партнерство в социальной сфере: трансформация межинституционального взаимодействия

Партнерство в социальной сфере: трансформация межинституционального взаимодействия

Experience of interinstitutional interaction while delivering of surgical aid in the disasters environment

Objective. Investigation of interinstitutional interaction environment while delivering of surgical aid in conditions of disaster, the need in certain kinds of surgical operations estimation of efficacy of civil-military interaction in sector of the antiterrorist operation conduction.
 Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 290 wounded persons and patients in medical company of Military Forces of Ukraine, which have functioned in a health care facility on Lugansk direction in summer 2015 yr, were presented. The efficacy of a civil-military interaction was estimated. Methods of the system analysis, clinical, medic-statistic and economic were there applied.
 Results. Introduction of system of the civil-military interaction while conduction of to all wounded persons and patients, to enhance the resource support of a health care facility by 39.7%.
 Conclusion.Joint usage of present civil and military resources for delivery of medical help to patients and wounded persons impacts on the treatment results positively.

The Zombie Phenomenon in Banking and Business: a Comparative Analysis and the Origin of the Institutional Problem

The research presents an investigation of the zombie phenomenon in banking and business. The main goals are as follows: to reveal the consequences of the threatening dynamics of nonperforming loans for the states of Central and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the group of former USSR states, and Latin America; to demonstrate the zombie business phenomenon in the case of Ukraine and disclose a new form of zombie business on the basis of different tools with exception of banking loans. The authors believe the solution to the zombie banks problem will not be found in the growth of government influence or control but in the restructuring of the banking system based on a decentralized but strongly controlled bottom‑up model. The ineffectiveness of the institutional system also generates various forms of zombie business. The case of Ukraine is the best illustration of applying the tools, that are used in zombie business, with the exception of banking loans. The article helps to understand the influence of nonperforming loans on the economy and the perspectives for banking system formation in the light of the institutional aspect and interinstitutional interactions with the active participation of NPLs.

The European Parliament and development cooperation: democratic participation in the ‘low politics’ of EU external relations

ABSTRACTThe European Parliament enjoys an array of powers in development cooperation, ranging from legislative and budgetary powers to scrutiny and democratic oversight. However, its role has largely been overlooked and generally been absent from the key debates in the EU foreign policy literature. Partly this stems from the ‘low politics’ nature of development cooperation, when set against the ‘high politics’ of EU external relations as typified by CFSP/CSDP and trade. This article combines a legal analysis of the EP’s post-Lisbon powers in EU development cooperation with an examination of the Multiannual Financial Framework, the European Consensus on Development and interinstitutional interactions to assess how the EP has succeeded in gaining a more significant role in this policy field. The article argues that the ‘low politics’ of EU development cooperation is highly susceptible to the EP’s institutional assertion and empowerment in overall EU external relations.

Strengthening Model of Institutional Capacity of Sugarcane Farmers in Situbondo Regency

The institution of sugarcane farmers is one of mechanisms supporting economic activity in sugarcane agri-business. It has important role for increasing productivity and promoting bargaining position of sugarcane farmers. In fact, however, it is yet to functionate optimally. The research aimed at identifying institutional forms, analyzing inter-institutional interaction of sugarcane farmers, and formulating a model of capacity strengthening of sugarcane farmer’s institution. This research used case study approach. The institutional sampling method was performed purposively. Data were collected by using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the institution of sugarcane farmers comprises farmers group, sugarcane farmers cooperative, sugarcane farmers association, sugar processing industry, and supporting service institution. The circumstances of sugarcane farmer’s’ institution is more socio-cultural. It has not been fully directed to promote farmers’ access towards technology, capital, and market required for the development of sugarcane agri-business.

Bringing Field Theory to Social Media, and Vice-Versa: Network-Crawling an Economy of Recognition on Facebook

Social media research needs social theory in order to historicize and contextualize findings. At the same time, (analogue) social theory may benefit from the affordances of digital methods. This article explores this Janus-faced argument by way of a Facebook crawl of the Swedish field of culture. First, it is argued that field theory helps understand inter-institutional interaction on social media, and that it places activities on social media in a broader social context. Findings of the Facebook crawl illustrate the persistence of the structure and autonomy of the field of culture as depicted by Bourdieu. Second, despite Bourdieu’s rejection of network analysis, it is argued that it supplements empirical field research on two counts. Bourdieu argued for a relational understanding of the social world and for the study of “objective relations” between agents in a field. Following this, the network analysis provides a focus on actual practices—crystallized acts of recognition in the form of “likes” between institutions. This contrasts the somewhat oxymoronic use of self-reports to study “objective relations” that to date characterize Bourdieusian sociology. Additionally, the network analysis of a crawl of institutions on social media has the capacity to begin to uncover the amplitude, or reach, of a social field—which to date is rare in empirical field research. The article concludes by arguing for the mutual benefit of social theory and digital methods.