Interim Replacement Research Articles

An Analysis of the Challenge Facing WTO Panels in the Context of MPIA

Since the Appellate Body came to a complete standstill, the DSB in WTO has been stuck in an intractable situation, where many disputes are still in the appeals process and cannot be appropriately resolved. Whatever the disputing parties chose, the Panels reports could not be adopted by the DSB. As a result, the Appellate Body and the Panel process are facing an unprecedented crisis. As a contingency to preserve the multilateralism of WTO, MPIA was established as an interim replacement by 19 WTO members in 2020. In the context of MPIA, this paper will analyze the necessity of reformation for the dispute settlement system, especially the Panel. Furthermore, this paper will provide workable solutions by examining the ad hoc Panels crisis and shortcomings.

Kewenangan Partai Politik dalam Mengusulkan Pemberhentian dan Penggantian Antar Waktu Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Studi Kasus Pemberhentian Nofrizon Sebagai Anggota DPRD Sumbar 2019-2024)

On April 27 2023, the Democratic Party DPP issued DPP Decree No. 104/SK/DPP.PD/IV/2023 concerning the Dismissal of Democratic Party Members. Nofrizon was terminated because he violated Organizational Regulation Number 01/PO/DPP.PD/VII/2019 Article 5 Paragraph 4 that Democratic Party members are obliged to obey and carry out the decisions of the faction leadership without exception. Then, through a letter from the Democratic Party of West Sumatra Province DPD No.12/ext/DPD.PD/SB/V/2023, dated 29 May 2023, the Democratic Party stated that Mr. Nofrizon had been permanently terminated as a member of the Democratic Party and proposed an interim replacement (PAW ) Member of the West Sumatra Province DPRD from the Democratic Party Fraction for the 2019-2024 period. The legal basis used as a process for the temporary termination and placement of West Sumatra Province DPRD members is Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government Article 139 Paragraph (2) DPRD members are dismissed from time to time for reasons as specified in letters e, h and i as following e. Proposed by the political party in accordance with the provisions of the statutory regulations, h. Dismissed from being a member of the political party in accordance with the provisions of the statutory regulations; and I. Become a member of another Political Party. To answer this problem, it is necessary to formulate it into three problem formulations. First, what is the process for the interim termination of DPRD members? Second, what is the interim placement process for DPRD members? Third, what is the authority of political parties in promising the dismissal and temporary placement of DPRD members? This research is a type of legal research using a sociological juridical legal research approach. The results of this research show that the temporary dismissal of DPRD members due to such termination can be carried out through a decision of the Honorary Board and/or through a proposal from a political party. Bro. Nofrizon, S. Sos was temporarily dismissed as a member of the West Sumatra Province DPRD from the Democratic Fraction. This interim suspension was at the suggestion of the Political Party (Democratic Party) due to a change of party and not a personal resignation, through the Democratic Party DPP decision letter No.104/SK/DPP.PD/V/2023. The interim replacement process for Provincial DPRD members cannot be separated from the process of dismissal of DPRD members which occurs first. Political parties have the authority to stop the temporary dismissal of DPRD members, but the process of guaranteeing candidates for interim replacement names for Provincial DPRD members is the attributive authority of the Provincial KPU.

Legal Certainty of the Right to Severance Pay for Workers Who Retire in Companies That Undergo Acquisitions

The ease of transactions in the digital era has resulted in increased competitiveness between companies in the trade sector. To maintain the existence of the company, it is not uncommon for companies to restructure through the acquisition process. However, the acquisition process has an impact on the existence of workers in the previous company, especially on workers entering retirement age. Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation Article 61 paragraph (3) regulates the transfer of responsibility for workers' rights which illustrates that the new employer is responsible for fulfilling workers' rights, but the transfer agreement allowed by this law does not guarantee the fulfillment of workers' rights as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to know the legal certainty of workers entering retirement age in companies that experience acquisitions and the implementation of severance pay rights for workers entering retirement age in companies that experience acquisitions. The legal approach involves looking at secondary data or library resources. The results showed that Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation concerning Interim Replacement (PHK), employees who have been laid off eligible for severance money, long service pay, and compensatory pay. The rights of workers affected by termination of employment on the grounds of entering retirement age in companies experiencing takeover are calculated based on the length of service of workers in a company, as well as the rights that have not been obtained by workers during their work which can be used as nominal money.

An Interim Replacement for Missing Teeth in Children with Temporary Anchorage Device: A Lesser Showcased Aspect

An Interim Replacement for Missing Teeth in Children with Temporary Anchorage Device: A Lesser Showcased Aspect

Biden doesn’t get it

It has been a rough 2 weeks for the US science community. After 4 years of bludgeoning by the Trump administration, hope resurged a year ago as a new White House promised to value science. But there have been missteps, the most recent taking place on the heels of another blunder that many saw coming. Eric Lander, who just stepped down as President Biden's science adviser and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), was a prominent research figure with a well-known record of bullying and callous actions. With the notable exception of the 500 Women Scientists organization, the scientific community was embarrassingly silent about Lander's nomination. Not surprisingly, he is out of the White House because of the same behavioral issues. And yet, in another tone deaf move, the administration just named Francis Collins, the recently retired director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as Lander's interim replacement as science adviser while asking Alondra Nelson, the OSTP's deputy director for science and society and an experienced administrator and scholar, to temporarily direct OSTP. Apparently, Biden doesn't think Nelson is capable of doing both jobs. I disagree and am not staying silent this time.

Loss of pulp vitality correlated with the duration of the interim restoration and the experience of the dentist: A retrospective study

Statement of problemThe second most common biological complication in fixed prosthodontics is loss of pulp vitality, which may lead to restoration loss. While reasons for loss of pulp vitality are unclear, 2 potential contributing factors, duration of the interim restoration and operator experience, have not been fully investigated. PurposeThe purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate whether the duration of the interim restoration or the experience of the dentist was correlated with loss of pulp vitality. Material and methodsFixed prosthetic restorations placed between 2005 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Abutment teeth supporting single-unti or multiunit restorations were evaluated regarding loss of pulp vitality. The Mann-Whitney U test and simple logistic regression were used, with α=.05 for the subsequent multiple logistic regression. The experience of dental professionals was defined by the number of treatments performed and coupled with failure rate by using an analysis of variance. ResultsOne hundred seventy-four dentists made 15 879 restorations, of which 1136 failed during the observation period, a failure rate of 7.2%. Two hundred fifty restorations were randomly selected from the failed restorations, and a corresponding 250 restorations were randomly selected from nonfailed restorations for the control group. Increased duration with interim replacement was linked to a higher risk of loss of pulp vitality (P<.001). Failure rate in the dentist group varied from 0% to 100%. No significant differences in failure rate were found among dentists who did few restorations and those who performed larger numbers of restorations. ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that operator experience does not affect failure rate. However, extended time with an interim restoration was a contributing factor to the loss of pulp vitality.

Recall Referendum sebagai Alternatif Proses Penggantian Antarwaktu Lembaga Legislatif di Indonesia

This article aims to provide democratic ideas related to the Intertemporal Replacement process and to find out about its less democratic practices so far. The research method used in this article is a normative juridical research method, with a statutory, case and conceptual approach. The purpose of this discussion is to analyze a memory process which is more democratic and more appropriate for application in Indonesia and to identify recall practices in Indonesia. The result of this study is that the recall process given to political parties only makes the recall instrument a tool for political parties in controlling their members in the legislative body as well as to scare their members who are against the policies of political parties. Things like this certainly hinder the development of democracy in the institutional system in Indonesia. This is shown from several recall cases which only for reasons contrary to political parties then expel their members from membership in the legislature. To change this practice, in this study, an interim replacement mechanism with a referendum recall process was initiated to involve the people in the process of dismissing members of the legislature so as to maintain the interests of political parties to remain democratic and prevent interim replacements from being used as weapons to frighten legislators. With the recall of the referendum, the people will be fully involved in the recall process so that the process becomes more transparent and democratic.

Public Authority in Interim Replacement of Members of the House of Representatives

The House of Representatives is a people's representative institution or legislative body. Membership of the House of Representatives, both at the central and regional levels, can be replaced with other members through a mechanism, namely Interim Replacement. The purpose of interim replacement is to maximize the performance of legislators effectively and efficiently. However, there is a problem, namely the replacement of members of the legislature in the middle of their term of office. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of interim replacement of members of the House of Representatives and how the involvement of voters in the intertime replacement mechanism. This research is normative juridical research using secondary data as the primary data in the form of legislation, research results, and journals. Based on the research results, the interim replacement mechanism does not involve the public, namely voters. Disputes between members of the legislature and the supporting party cannot be avoided due to the inappropriate process of implementing the mechanism. It is necessary to improve the mechanism for the Interim Replacement of members of the House of Representatives, which is not only the authority of political parties but also the public authority, namely the constituent voters.Keywords: Public Authority, Interim Replacement, Representative

Pemecatan Anggota Partai Politik Karena Menjadi Pengurus Organisasi Kemasyarakatan

Members of have the right submitted by political parties as candidates for Legislative Assembly in accordance with what is meant by article 12 of Law Number 2 of 2008 jo Law Number 2 of 2011, that political parties have the right to nominate candidates to fill the membership of the Nation Assembly and the Regional Local Assembly in accordance with the legislation; propose a change of time between its members in the Nation Assembly and the Local Assembly in accordance with the legislation. Instead members of political parties must submit and comply with the provisions in Law No. 2 of 2008 jo Law No. 2 of 2011 and the articles of association and bylaws of political parties, accompanied by good sanctions from Law No. 2 of 2008 jo Law No. 2 of 2011 and sanctions on political party organizations. This means that members of a political party can be dismissed from their membership if they become members of other political parties. Substitution between time as a member of the House of Representatives is permitted as long as the interim replacement is in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, including participating as members of other Political Parties. Ishak Liputo is listed as the administrator of the Democratic National Community Organization which is not listed as a political party, but Isaac Liputo was replaced through a replacement between times because he was the administrator of a community organization. But in this case Ishak Liputo was fired because he had previously served as administrator of the National Democratic Community Organization before the Organization was officially inaugurated as a Political Party. Research shows the dismissal of Isaac Liputo from membership of the Golongan Karya Political Party because of being the administrator of the National Democratic Community Organization (Nasdem) in terms of Law No. 2 of 2008 jo Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Political Parties is not appropriate, because: Ishak Liputo became the administrator of the Nasdem Mass Organization, which has not been in the form of a party, so it cannot be said to be a member of a political party. Liputo when warned by the Golkar Party's Management of his actions as a Nasdem administrator, has resigned, so he is no longer a Nasdem administrator.

POLITIK RECALLING DALAM PARLEMENT RIAU 2014 - 2019

The Interim Replacement between the time (PAW) mechanism of six legislators of Riau at 2014-2016 periodthrough the long mechanism and give rise to polemics both at the elite level and on the society. Strating from theproposal for dismissal by the regional council (DPD) of political parties, approval at the meeting of DPRD,verification of the KPUD of Riau Provinces, the letter proposal that then forwarded to the Minister for issuedofficial announcement of PAW. Delays in the Minister’s decree related determination replacement PAW of the sixlegislators Riau who participate in 2015 election implication for the vacancy delegation in constituency of thesix legislators who resigned. This is administratively highly influential DPRD of Riau in decision making and forthe local elections also will impact to reduced their delegations in government. This research used the turnoverbetween the time (PAW) concept and theory of political delegation institutions. This research type is descriptivewith qualitative approach, the data collection technique used depth interviews and documentations.The results showed that the mechanism of the six legislators Riau PAW 2014-2019 period after the enactmentinto regional head candidates in the elections of December 2015 the dynamics of the level of Parliament andpolitical parties Bearers and take quite long. That condition has implications for vacancies in representativeinstitutions (parliament) Riau province where administratively is not full members of Parliament in decisionmakingso that the delay in setting the budget Riau in 2016.

Ch-Ch-Ch-changes: How Action Phase Functional Leadership, Team Human Capital, and Interim vs. Permanent Leader Status Impact Post-transition Team Performance

This study addresses the following: (1) does a team leader change along with the quality of the team’s human capital affect post-change team performance?; (2) is functional leadership of the team’s human capital a driver of post-change team performance?; and (3) should interim vs. permanent leaders manage the team’s human capital differently? We analyzed archival data from Major League Baseball teams who had undergone an in-season manager change (N = 129). Team performance improved after a leader change, and the quality of the team’s strategic and non-strategic core human capital were positively related to post-change performance. New leaders who engaged in more active functional leadership of the strategic core human capital enhanced the positive effects of human capital quality. Additionally, active functional leadership enhanced the positive effects of strategic core human capital for interim replacement leaders, but not for permanent replacement leaders. This study extends theory and practice on the importance of functional team leadership and human capital following a leader transition. As such, our results provide actionable knowledge for organizations and managers who are part of leadership transitions. This empirical study leverages a unique sample to provide insights into the implications of team leader transitions. The results of this study shed light on the impact that leader transitions which involve “interim” and “permanent” replacements may have on post-transition team performance and how these different types of leaders should leverage the inherent human capital that exists within the team.

Thermal Enhancement Cartridge Heater Modified Tritium Hydride Bed Development. Part II — Experimental Validation of Key Conceptual Design Features

Thermal Enhancement Cartridge Heater Modified (TECH Mod) tritium hydride bed is an interim replacement for the 1st generation (Gen 1) process hydride beds currently in service in the Savannah River Site (SRS) Tritium Facilities. Three new features are implemented in the TECH Mod hydride bed prototype: internal electric cartridge heaters, porous divider plates, and copper foam discs. These modifications will enhance bed performance and reduce costs by improving bed activation and installation processes, in-bed accountability measurements, end-of-life bed removal, and He-3 recovery.A full-scale hydride bed test station was constructed at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) in order to evaluate the performance of the prototype TECH Mod hyd ride bed. Controlled hydrogen (H2) absorption/desorption experiments were conducted to validate that the conceptual design changes have no adverse effects on the gas transfer kinetics or H2 storage/release properties compared to those of the Gen 1 bed. Inert gas expansions before, during, and after H2 flow tests were used to monitor changes in gas transfer rates with repeated hydriding/dehydriding of the hydride material. The gas flow rates significantly decreased after initial hydriding of the material; however, minimal changes were observed after repeated cycling. The data presented herein confirm that the TECH Mod hydride bed would be a suitable replacement for the Gen 1 bed with the added enhancements expected from the advanced design features.

Comparative Research on Wireless Network Data Transmission Experiment

For large data transfers to support communication services provider, the Internet broadband access technology must optimize backbone network to provide high quality services. World-wide network will become the third generation mobile system one of the key applications. Network structure for the introduction of new features should have strong flexibility, and asked the interim replacement for the existing features such flexibility is necessary. Because the communications business is not standardized, the creation of the business operator can be different for different programs. Modular, scalable structures and devices to enable the business evolves, to ensure return on investment, and a variety of carriers for different operating strategies. We show a possible way the development of core network, which with the existing operators, new technologies need to be consistent.

The Carolina Bridge: A Novel Interim All-Porcelain Bonded Prosthesis

Numerous bonded bridge designs have been advocated over the years for the temporary or permanent replacement of missing teeth. Both metal and all-porcelain designs of bonded bridges have been advocated, with varying degrees of success. However, all of these designs involve some degree of tooth preparation, making them irreversible in nature. The Carolina bridge, a novel all-porcelain bonded pontic, requires no significant tooth preparation, making it an outstanding option as an interim prosthesis. The key to success is the availability of adequate surface area interproximally to ensure optimally strong resin composite connectors. This article describes the indications, contraindications, and clinical technique for the placement of an ultraconservative all-porcelain bonded bridge for the interim replacement of single incisors.

Court Diversification: Staffing the State Courts of Last Resort Through Interim Appointments

In this study, we examine a governor's ability to appoint interim replacement judges to courts of last resort in states with elective judiciaries. We find that 52 percent of all judges placed on the courts of last resort in such states between 1964 and 2004 were appointed by the governor, with the remaining 48 percent being elected to the bench. This finding is notable in terms of the importance of interim appointments to the staffing of the state bench and is in line with earlier studies on interim appointments. We also find that there is some difference in the race of appointed judges compared to elected judges overall, and that interim appointments are more likely to diversify an all-male or all-white court than are elections. Finally, we conclude that Democratic governors are more likely than are Republicans to put forward nonwhite judges as interim appointees, particularly when to do so initiates diversification of a court.

Performance comparative study of new alternatives to R-502 inside air/refrigerant enhanced surface tubing

In this paper the test results of a performance evaluation of new alternatives; R-407B, R-507, R-408A and R-404A as substitutes to CFC-502 are presented. The test results were obtained using an air-source heat pump with enhanced surface tubing under standard ARI conditions. The data demonstrated that, as an interim replacement, R-408A blend has a superior performance among the proposed blends including R-502, in the range investigated. Furthermore, the alternatives to R-502 are characterised by high discharge pressure compared to R-502. In particular, R-407B and R-408A have higher discharge temperatures compared to R-502. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Performance analysis of new alternatives to HCFC-22 inside air/refrigerant-enhanced surface tubing

In this paper, the test results of a performance analysis of new alternatives; R-410A, R-507, R-407C, R-408A and R-404A proposed as substitutes to HCFC-22 are presented. The test results were obtained using an air-source heat pump with enhanced surface tubing. Performance tests were conducted according to the ARI/ASHRAE Standards. The performance data demonstrated that as an interim replacement, the R-404A blend has a superior performance particularly at low temperatures among the proposed blends. Furthermore, the alternatives to R-22 are characterised by high discharge pressure compared to that of R-22. In particular, R-410A has the highest discharge pressure among the blend studied. R-407C has similar discharge temperature to R-22 at temperatures lower than - 8°C.