Interim Administration Research Articles

Legal Aspects of the plan to Rehabilitation of Insurance Companies Under Interim Administration

Legal Aspects of the plan to Rehabilitation of Insurance Companies Under Interim Administration

A Message to Staff Members About Managing Up

This article provides valuable insights into managing up, relationship management, and emotional intelligence in a medical practice. It emphasizes the importance of getting to know your bosses, understanding the practice’s goals, and treating everyone the same. The case studies provide practical examples of how to restore relationships and welcome an interim administrator. The article underscores the significance of managing up to improve communication, improve patient care, and provide a positive culture in a medical practice.

Příspěvek k pražským vysokoškolským kolejím v letech 1945–1951

This article first summarises the available sources and literature. Then it proceeds to outline the social problems of students in 1945 and the circumstances of foundation of the Union of University Students. It describes its activities especially in the social area (provision of accommodation to students). The author touches upon the political situation in the Union of University Students and describes its incorporation into the Revolutionary Union Movement. The core part of the contribution describes the foundation and development of the Interim Administration of Student Assets in Bohemia, an institution that came to be in charge of the various student dormitories, canteens, and other student services. In 1949, facilities operated by the Interim Administration were brought under national administration and a National Administration of Student Assets in Bohemia was formed. After the adoption of a new act on universities in 1950, this National Administration was dissolved and both university dormitories and canteens were integrated into universities.

The Effectiveness of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Building the Capacity of Local Police Forces: Case of Kosovo

Kosovo has historically been the scene of ethnic-driven regional conflicts among the communities. After the disengagement of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, the conflicts that had begun with the independence declarations of the Republics of SFRY eventually evolved into ethnic disputes between Serbs and Albanians. As the United Nations (UN) failed to resolve the conflict by diplomatic means, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) initiated an air campaign to stop armed attacks by Serbian Military Forces on the Albanian civil communities. The UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was established in 1999 to restore peace and stability in Kosovo. One of the mandated tasks of the UNMIK was to establish the local police known as Kosovo Police Service (KPS) and to build its capacity. The objectives of this research are to determine whether the UNMIK was effective and successful in building the KPS’s capacity. A set of new success criteria is developed and applied to evaluate the success of UNMIK in this mandated task. Data for this study were collected using official reports of the UN and the crime statistics of the KPS. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that UNMIK was successful in establishing a local police force.

Assessing the Role Ghana's Public Health Act, 2012 (Act 851) Can Play in Oversight of Artificial Intelligence Healthcare Systems to Prevent Medical Errors and Improve Patient Safety

Purpose: Evaluate the possibilities and limitations of implementing the Essential Ghana Public Health Act to manage the growing development of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled health care in light of the contemporary gap in research so. Methodology: A review of the 2012 public health regulatory provisions and anti-technology surveillance mechanisms document detailing the needs and risks of AI regulation. Results: Current regulations have a customizable foundation for documenting policies, reporting algorithmic errors, creating updated workplace safety audits, and enforcing non-compliance but required by fully implemented investigations that strong material differences are addressed and that AI-specific rules are codified into new legal rules. Conclusions: Ghana currently has the mechanisms in place for an interim administration to flexibly implement long-term healthcare legislation on gaps awaiting reconciliation through investment in specific sectors, staffing and reforms. Recommendations: Immediate training to prepare inspection personnel before the onset of the crisis is guidelines and rules for algorithmic accounting. What really matters is the effective implementation of existing legislation and the informing of strategies for modernization and certainly also the innovation of policy frameworks for the innovation of new health care systems. Scientific contribution: addresses the knowledge gap in maintaining vulnerabilities for emerging technologies that are tracked by regulations in disruption.

Democratization in the Light of the Evolution of Chapter 7 Powers of the UN Charter: The Case of Iraq

ABSTRACT The article examines the democratizing effect of the international measures against the backdrop of the changes in the interpretation of Chapter 7 powers of the UN Charter. Particular attention is drawn to the sanctions regime, UN-authorized administrations for its member states and UN-led interim administrations which has recently undergone significant strategic and contextual changes. These changes are best manifested within the transition efforts of Iraq which experienced various forms of international involvement – from comprehensive sanction regime to light footprint approach. Regardless of this “rich experience,” the country is far from being called a democratic state with corruption, highly fragmented society and informal institutions in place. The article argues that the obsession with the political process has caused a deficit in the attention paid to genuine problems at the core of the authoritarian rule, highlighting the importance of civilizational factor in the process of democratization.

Идеология и прагматизм в отношениях с США: Бразилия и Боливия

Introduction. The article reviews the trajectory of international cooperation in the Western Hemisphere on the example of the case studies of Brazil-U.S. and Bolivia-U.S. bilateral relations, which experienced a significant change due to inner-political transformations in the countries. The main purpose of the study is to assess the degree of variability in the foreign policy, implemented by governments belonging to different political spectrum. Methods. The research is lined up on a comparison of the foreign policy of left governments of Luiz Inбcio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff in Brazil and Evo Morales in Bolivia, as well as the shift to the “right” of the administrations of Michel Temer and Jeanine Бсez are in focus. The study also reveals the activities of the current administrations of Jair Bolsonaro (since 2019) in Brazil and Luis Arce (since 2020) in Bolivia. Analysis. Thus, orientation towards independence and aspiration to oppose Washington during the period of the “left turn” was prevalent. At the same time, interim administrations’ denial of the principles of anti-Americanism did not lead to the long-term results and radical progress in relations. Nevertheless, there is no reason to point out a formation of a trend towards the dependence of the Latin American countries on the changes in U.S. policy. On the contrary, the line to the independence and sovereignty, which was developed in the previous decade, is being maintained. Results. The dynamics of the analyzed bilateral relations and the adjustment of the foundations of cooperation in multilateral formats indicate a strong subjective factor and an increasing influence of ideology in the foreign policy of the states in the region.

Privatization in post-war Kosovo: Legal review

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze privatization in Kosovo as a complex legal process of redistribution of social wealth to private individuals or certain enterprises. The privatization process in Kosovo cannot be compared with the privatizations of countries in the region due to its economic and political specifics, as a country with economies in transition and high levels of corruption (Borošak, 2018). To study this phenomenon, we will analyze the data published by the complaints received from the Kosovo Trust Agency (KTA) the decisions of the Special Chamber as well as the judgments of the Special Chamber for human rights. Data analysis concludes on descriptive statistics, analysis of domestic laws, and regulations of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), reports from the World Bank, processed cases, and Special Chamber court decisions on privatizations. The study concludes that the process of privatization of socially owned property has caused conflicts between the descendants as property owners before their confiscation, privatization has further destroyed the country’s economic development rather than improving the well-being and lives of its citizens. This paper is of great importance for policy makers, officials, scholars as the processing, publication of data, and sanctioning will enable this phenomenon that has become a new way of enrichment to be stopped and the state to be built for society and to belong to society.

Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman (circa 1811-1880) and the Java War (1825-30) : A Dissident Family History

The childhood years of the famous Arab-Javanese painter, Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman (ca. 1811-80), in Semarang from his birth in ca. May 1811 up to the Java War (1825-30) are crucial for understanding his subsequent attitudes towards the Dutch and their colonial rule in Java as expressed through his art. Growing up in the household of his uncle, the enlightened Semarang regent (bupati), Suroadimenggolo V (1765/8-1826; in office 1809-22), and his Calcutta-educated cousins, Raden Mas Saleh and Raden Mas Sukur, the young painter was a direct witness to the tragedy which overwhelmed his close family in the lead up to Diponegoro’s great rebellion. From a position of trust and cooperation with Raffles and other senior members of the British interim administration (1811-16), within a short decade (1816-26) Suroadimenggolo’s world was destroyed. Both his and his sons’ outspokenness and pro-British sentiments became a liability following the Dutch return in August 1816. This led to their dismissal from their posts in Semarang (1822) and Lasem (1824) respectively, and worse happened following the outbreak of the Java War, when both he and his elder son, Raden Mas Saleh, suffered arrest (8 September 1825) and lengthy detention on Dutch naval vessels when the regent’s younger son, Sukur, joined Diponegoro’s forces. Even after his early death on 15 November 1826, the aged Semarang bupati’s body found no peace in the Terboyo (Semarang) family graveyard. Sent east to distant Madura, it was later (20 July 1827) reinterred in the royal burial ground of his son-in-law, the Sultan of Sumenep, Paku Nataningrat (r. 1811-54), while the Dutch authorities sought to cover their tracks with misleading obituary notices (Appendices Ia and Ib). The present article, using a range of published and archival sources, illustrates this tragic family history, and speculates on the likely effects such events may have had on the young painter, Saleh, as he began his career under the aegis of his Belgian mentor, Antoine Auguste Joseph Payen (1792-1853). Two further appendices provide a Bustaman family tree (Appendix II) and a Brief Chronology of Kiai Adipati Suroadimenggolo and his family, 1865-1880 (Appendix III).

Investigating the Position of Independent Media in Afghanistan from the Interim Administration to the National Unity Government

Investigating the Position of Independent Media in Afghanistan from the Interim Administration to the National Unity Government

ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET AUTHORITY IN HRODNA AND HRODNA COUNT (SEPTEMBER 1939 - NOVEMBER 1939)

The purpose of the study is to reveal the process of formation of Soviet power in Hrodna and Hrodna Count during the period, the chronological framework of which is determined by the direct transition of the territories of Hrodna and Hrodna region under the control of the Red Army in September 1939, on the one hand, and their official incorporation into the BSSR in November 1939, on the other. This period, which preceded the formation of full-fledged Soviet authorities in the region, is defined in the article as transitional. The paper shows the process of forming interim administrations, notes the practice of sending civil servants, party and military figures from the regions of the BSSR and other regions of the USSR to Hrodna and Hrodna Count to recruit new local authorities and organize elections to the People's Assembly of Western Belorussia (PAWB), notes the goals and objectives of the PAWB activities set before it by the party leadership, reveals the specifics of organizing elections of deputies to the PAWB from Hrodna and Hrodna Count.
 The scientific contribution of the study was manifested in the coverage of the process of the initial stage of the formation of Soviet authorities on the territory of Hrodna and Hrodna county in the period preceding their official incorporation into the BSSR (September 1939 - November 1939).
 As a result, the dates of formation of interim administrations in Hrodna and Hrodna Count, the principle of recruitment of new government institutions, the undemocratic nature of the elections of deputies of the People's Assembly of Western Belorussia were determined. The assessment of the inclusion of Hrodna and Hrodna Count into the BSSR is given.

English

To ascertain the coordination platform of the humanitarian assistance and aid efforts undertaken seven months after the crisis occurred, this study was conducted in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Specific purposes of the study were to describe the coordination platform of the humanitarian assistance, assess the humanitarian needs and responses, and identify the major challenges encountered to deliver humanitarian assistance. Observation and key-informant interviews were used to gain the primary data. The study shows that the coordination platform of the humanitarian assistance led by the interim administration of the Tigray region and co-led by UNOCHA. Eight sectors were being implemented for the emergency response; each sector led by the relevant stakeholders. The sectors hold weekly meeting, while each sector delivered daily updates to the emergency coordination center (ECC). The regional emergency coordination center hosted two meetings per week to briefly discuss the progress of aid delivery. With the limited access and unsustainable communication facility, each sector provided the essential assistance to the needy people, while the needs versus the provided supports had massive gaps. Among other encounters, challenges related to security and access, administrative and operations encounters, and funding limitations have affected the humanitarian assistance. Unless root causes of the conflict are addressed, the operational problems would remain as they were. If the humanitarian assistance is not scaled up, situations related to disease outbreak, famine, and sever security situations are projected to be rampant.    Key words: Humanitarian assistance, needs and responses, coordination, challenges, Tigray conflict.

Compounding Crises: Bolivia in 2020

Bolivia began 2020 in the midst of a political crisis, with an interim administration led by Jeanine Anez, who assumed power during the political crisis that ended the administration of Evo Morales in November 2019. On March 10th, the government identified Bolivia’s first COVID-19 case. The administration’s swift initial response was marred by corruption, a strained public health system, and resistance from citizens and politicians. This essay focuses on the unprecedented character of a double crisis in Bolivia: a health crisis preceded and aggravated by a political crisis. The crises put the Bolivian government under intense pressure. The thrice-re- scheduled presidential elections on October 18th returned the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) to power with a decisive victory under the leadership of former finance minister Luis Arce Catacora and former foreign minister David Choquehuanca. We review the consequences of the year’s events on human and economic development and conclude by anticipating future challenges.

Particulate-Based Single-Dose Local Immunosuppressive Regimen for Inducing Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Xenogeneic Islet Transplantation.

Recent studies emphasize on developing immune tolerance by an interim administration of various immunosuppressive drugs. In this study, a robust protocol is reported for local immunomodulation using a single-dose of FK506 microspheres and clodronate liposomes (mFK+CLO) in a xenogeneic model of islet transplantation. Surprisingly, the single-dose treatment with mFK+CLO induce tolerance to the islet xenograft. The recipient mice display tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) with decreased antigen presenting ability and T cell activation capacity. Furthermore, a reduced percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an impaired differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into interferon-γ producing Th1 and interleukin-17 producing Th17 cells are observed. In addition, the immunosuppressive protocol leads to the generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are required for the long-term graft survival. The enhanced generation of tDCs and Tregs by the single treatment of mFK+CLO cause xenograft tolerance, suggesting a possible clinical strategy which may pave the way towards improving therapeutic outcomes of clinical islet transplantation.

THE SOVIET SPECIAL SERVICES’ PROPAGANDA AND SABOTAGE ESPIONAGE ACTIVITIES IN THE TERRITORY OF WESTERN VOLYN (1919 – 1921)

The purpose of the article is to represent the forms, methods and means of the Soviet special services activity on the territory of Western Volyn during the period of functioning in the region of the Polish Provisional Administration (1919 – 1921). The methodology of the research is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematicity, verification. The general scientific methods of the historical cognition have been applied: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison. Among the special historical methods the most important for the study were the historical typological, historical comparative, historical chronological, historical systemic, historical geographical methods. The scientific novelty consists in the archival documents’ introduction into the scientific circulation, which makes it possible to clarify the role of Western Volyn in the communist revolution export task realization to Europe, conducted by the Bolsheviks. It has been shown that the Soviet special services sabotage subversive activity’s main purpose in Volyn was to destabilize the region, liquidate the bodies of the temporary Polish administration, establish the Soviet power with the subsequent accession of the region to the USSR during 1919 – 1921. The Conclusions. During 1918 – 1921, the western Ukrainian lands became the object of fierce confrontation between three states: Poland, Ukraine (UNR-ZUNR) and the Soviet Russia., The Western Volyn and Eastern Galicia became the part of the Polish state due to the ZUNR’s (Western Ukrainian People’s Republic) defeat in the Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918 – 1919 and the Soviet Russia in the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 – 1921. The Bolsheviks' defeat in an open armed confrontation with Poland did not mean, however, that the Bolsheviks were refused to spread the communist regime ideology and practice to European countries. Volyn became one of the main bridgeheads for the realization of the above-mentioned goals. Hence, the Bolshevik agitators and propagandists were active in Volyn when the temporary Polish administration was taking over the control. There were a number of reasons, why the Bolsheviks agitation was successful. Due to several factors: Volyn international legal status uncertainty, the postwar instability, which was complemented by the difficult economic situation in the region, some miscalculations in the Polish interim administration, the Polish military and police abuse of power, which exacerbated the Polish-Ukrainian confrontation and raised the local sentiment peasant. The Bolshevik agents were not only spreading communist propaganda in Western Volyn. The Soviet Special Services were active in the areas bordering the USSR in order to prepare the local armed demonstrations. The vivid example of such actions was the specially trained sabotage units, which carried out the terrorist acts, attacked the state authorities, police departments, military units, and destroyed means of communication. Even the archival sources confirm that the Bolshevik movement was supported by the local population significantly (especially the Ukrainian peasants, the Jews in Volyn cities, and often the Poles). Furthermore, the Bolshevik movement became a stumbling block for the Polish government’s goal to strengthen the Polish statehood in the eastern lands and the fastest possible integration of the region into Poland.

Public Administration in an Atypical Transition and the Need for the Agents of Europeanisation in Kosovo

This article investigates public administration reform in Kosovo by: a) analysing the extent to which an atypical transition affects administrative and governance reforms, b) examining the Europeanisation process and efforts to harmonise legislation with the European Union’s acquis communautaire as the main driving force towards a successful transition, and c) reiterating the relevance and function of the educational system in the Europeanisation process. The article addresses the following question: can the Europeanisation process be accomplished successfully when the educational system, which is limited in scale, does not manage to generate a sufficient number of Europeanisation agents? In post1999 Kosovo, public administration has been undergoing continuous reforms to detach itself from the discriminatory legacy of communist and Serbian rule, to transfer authorities from internationally established bodies to local ones, to enhance capacity-building through international assistance, and to move forward with further reforms as part of Kosovo’s EU integration efforts. Public administration reforms remain affected by past legacies, namely the atypical transition characterised by a post-WWII communist dictatorship, the Serbian apartheid-like discrimination in the 1990s, an UN-led interim administration, and challenges of capacity-building. The article concludes that without a fully consolidated and crisis-resistant democracy neither the initiated public administration reform based on the values of good governance, nor the “fair and just” distribution of resources in society have a perspective. For instance, to comply successfully with the public administration reform obligations set out in the EU’s Stabilisation and Association Agreement, Kosovo needs greater capacities and professionals serving as Europeanisation agents. As a result, much larger investments in education, research, and development appear to be paramount. An increase in the quality of education and study capacities, as well as better opportunities for social inclusion would improve the performance of public administration and enhance good governance.

Establishing Institutions under International Administration

The international community, led by the United Nations, created Kosovo’s new post-war institutions and continues to influence them, even after Kosovo declared independence in 2008. One of the very first priorities of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was to establish the rule of law and to develop institutions and legal frameworks for a normally functioning economy. However, after almost two decades of internationally led institution-building, Kosovo is still, measured by European standards, a poor country with weak institutions. This paper shows that the creation of institutions does not follow a rational decision-making model, even when, like in Kosovo, institutions are created under direct international involvement and with the intention to develop the rule of law and facilitate economic development. The garbage can model approach to governance and decision-making provides a better explanation of the formation of governance institutions and why institutions, despite perhaps the best intentions, do not produce the desired results; failing to solve the underlying policy problems. The case studies on the privatisation of socially owned property and the development of contract law show that, in the case of Kosovo, adopting the best international and European standards almost always meant adopting a decontextualised solution promoted by an international actor. It did not really matter if that solution indeed solved the problem. In fact, in most cases the problem remained, with new problems being created because of the inadequacy of the imported ready-made solution. The conclusion is that sometimes less international assistance is more. In the absence of so much international financial and technical assistance, Kosovar leadership would have been required to assume more ownership of the policy-making for solving their problems. Less international assistance would also have meant less competition between international actors and less pressure to adopt ready-made decontextualised solutions.

The role of international organizations in the development of security sector in Kosovo: Advantages and constrains

Pursuant to UNSC Resolution 1244, following the war and the NATO bombing campaign, Kosovo was placed under an international administration, by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). After the end of the war, the course of the security policies in Kosovo was directed mainly by international actors. Basically, the security sector was non-existent, whereas the international military and civilian presence was responsible for the security of Kosovo’s borders and the protection of public order. The responsibility for security thus belonged to the international community and was progressively transferred to the Kosovo security institutions. While in the beginning, the takeover of security by the international community was a necessity in order to provide peace and stability, the prolongation of the delegation of ownership to local institutions created disadvantages in terms of timely and professional development. During international administration, the undefined political status of Kosovo influenced the security sector as an area reserved for the international community.

ВРЕМЕННАЯ АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ В ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ О НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

This article is devoted to the analysis of the legislation on insolvency (bankruptcy) of financial organizations. The main methods for achieving results are formal legal, systemic, comparative legal, separate logical techniques, methods of interpretation of regulatory documents. The article is of a scientific and practical nature and explores certain aspects of the legal status of the provisional administration in cases of insolvency of financial organizations. The bankruptcy of the latter is endowed by the legislator with very significant features. The author made an attempt to investigate the grounds of appointment, rights and obligations, responsibility of the interim administration. The role of the Bank of Russia in this procedure is highlighted. The main conclusions were assessments of the effectiveness and practical significance of the norms of the legislation on bankruptcy of financial organizations.

The Performance of establishing and developing new businesses in the Republic of Kosova 2017-2019

Given the fact that post-war Kosova was in a serious socio-economic situation, immediate recovery of the contry was needed. Kosova's post-war business challenges were enormous, Kosova's economy comprised a new and open economy driven by a centralized and regulated economy. So far, Kosova has made progress in business creation and development, but the challenges and problems remain significant. The International Interim Administration in Kosova established after 1999, which operated until 2003, enabled the temporary registration of businesses. After 2003 the business registration became a positive trend, where the temporary registration of businesses became permanent registration of businesses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the establishment and development of new businesses, the establishment of new women-owned business structures in Kosova, analyze and identify the most preferred economic investment activities of these registered businesses. To achieve this purpose of comparative analysis and identification, the integrative review method is used.