Inter-human Relationships Research Articles

From physician paternalism to patient autonomy: 25 centuries of history

From its origins, the doctor-patient relationship accompanied the social and cultural changes that have been modeling different forms of interhuman relationships. However, paternalism remained almost unchanged. Only in the 1970s, hand in hand with postmodern thought and the centrality of ethical, psychological, social and anthropological disciplines, respect for the autonomy of patients began to develop, which constituted the essence of a radical change. “Four models of doctor-patient relationship” are described depending on the objectives of the interaction between the actors, the doctor’s obligations and the patient’s values. Some particularities are detailed in the decision-making of children and adolescents, the doctrine of the mature minor, and progressive autonomy where the need for informed consent that reflects the autonomy of this age group is evident. It is worth highlighting the importance of communication in the development of a relationship in which the different models can collaborate with a genuine practice of autonomy for patients and their families.

Theories of Communication, Ethics, and Behavior- Does AI Help in to Make Smooth Communication?

The ability to interact and communicate effectively can have a profound impact on individuals. In any relationship between two people, through dialogue, they have the power to directly influence the connection that binds them. Interhuman relationships go far beyond mere sympathy. They are actual happenings between people, whether wholly mutual or tending to grow into mutual relations. Effective communication is essential in promoting favourable international relationships and facilitating negotiations. This involves establishing partnerships, treaties, and pacts among various nations and organizations. It is crucial to exhibit decency and extends courtesy when interacting with others, regardless of their position or status. In the end, diplomacy is about identifying common goals and working together toward a mutually beneficial outcome.

The Influence Of Leadership, Training, Inter-Human Relationship, Work Ethics And Teamwork On Work Productivity Of Employee Office Of The Ministry Of Religion, Muara Enim District

The aim of the study was to determine and analyze the influence of leadership, training, human relations, work ethics and teamwork individually and collectively on the work productivity of the employees of the Office of the Ministry of Religion, Muara Enim Regency. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method using questionnaires distributed to respondents. Test the quality of the data by using the validity test, reliability test, normality test. The analysis used is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using statistical calculations with multiple regression formulas, partial test simultaneous test and the coefficient of determination. The results of the research show that leadership has a significant effect on the work productivity of the employees of the Office of the Ministry of Religion, Muara Enim Regency. Training has a significant effect on work productivity. Human relations have a significant effect on work productivity. Work ethic has a significant effect on work productivity. Team work has a significant effect on work productivity. Leadership, training, human relations, work ethics and teamwork have a significant effect on the work productivity of the employees of the Office of the Ministry of Religion, Muara Enim Regency.

Martin Buber's Dialogical History: Theopolitics as a Critique of the History of Human Power

This essay explores the relationship between Buber's philosophy of history and his political theory, known also as theopolitics. Buber's first book on theopolitics, Kingship of God (1932), implemented the principle of dialogue as a critique of leadership. Dialogue reconciles the paradox of authoritarian theocracy and absolute freedom of anarchy: it unites the interhuman relationship (religious anarchy) and the divine-human relationship (direct theocracy). Without dialogue, anarchy would become chaotic and theocracy would actually mean the tyranny of the priests (hierocracy). But Buber's theopolitics also revealed a particular understanding of history. As this essay demonstrates, Buber held a notion of dialogical history (contrary to Hegelian dialectic history), which ultimately functioned as a critique of the history of victory and power. Dialogical history criticizes not only secular but also any kind of religious or sacred history claiming to authorize human power by divine justification. Dialogical history, therefore, should be seen as "counter-history," not only because it is based on a rehabilitation of myth (Hasidic tales and biblical myths) but also because it is engaged in an alternate philosophy of history, whose fulfillment is vouchsafed neither by the necessary unfolding of a spirit, nor by "great" historical deeds, but by everyday human agency and responsibility alone.

THE THREAT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOCIAL NETWORK-THINKING

The COVID-19 pandemic creates various dynamics of uncertainty that impact morbidity, mortality, and economic damage. The dynamics of these threats are expanding in the globalization era through networks and national security into a multidimensional sphere that tends to be unpredictable (Starvridis, 2015). Social transformation is always marked with certainties. Therefore, scientific regulations are needed to guide various operations, which functions as a principle in adapting to the quick-changing socio-cultural dynamics. This study aims to analyze the threat of the Covid-19 pandemic and strategic thinking steps in the ethnographic framework of social network thinking. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with an ego-centric network approach. The research results show that through the network framework, it is possible to see threats that are relatively different from those that have existed so far (mainstream). Interhuman relationships and interactions between humans and viruses in networked societies will create a connection. A strategic step to deal with the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic threats is the obligation to use masks. Masks can limit the virus' circulation in social environments, especially during face-to-face interaction and communication, as the mouth and nose are vital channels for the virus to enter and spread inside the human body. Researchers recommend the implementation of strategic handling to precisely detect and handle the spread of the virus as early as possible. This strategy is a preventive effort against further severe threats caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Additional practical handling is required, including the discipline of implementing health protocols, such as wearing masks under the supervision of authorities.

O encontro clínico como ato bakhtiniano prototípico

ABSTRACT The clinical encounter, as an inter-human relationship between the patient and their doctor, constitutes the arena where a clash between the worldviews of these agents can occur. Traditionally, the clinical encounter has been studied from an externalist perspective, extrinsic to the event itself, focusing on quantifiable outcomes. In his early texts, Bakhtin develops a philosophy of the act that remarkably suits the complexity of the clinical encounter. By combining elements of epistemology, gnoseology, axiology, and ontology in his architecture of a world constructed intersubjectively, Bakhtin provides us with an almost perfect model for studying the clinical encounter. Therefore, in this article, we argue that understanding the clinical encounter as a responsible Bakhtinian act brings new and interesting perspectives to the understanding of this peculiar event from within, while also paving the way for a more ethical and humane type of medicine.

Jesus and the Leper in Mark 1:40-45: A Biblical Theology Index for the Management of COVID-19 Pandemic

Jesus’ response to the leper’s request in Mark 1:40-45 tempers the harsh reality of laid down protocols for the management of leprosy. Against the physical distance of the time, Jesus takes the risk of touching the leper. He restores his battered dignity, heals him, and shows solidarity. The COVID-19 pandemic has stigmatized the human person as a weapon of infection. This situation has questioned the nature of man as a social being and impeded inter-human relationships. Using the synchronic approach of the historical critical method for the study of this text of Mark, this work compares the challenges of the leper in the ministry of Jesus with the threats posed by COVID-19. It concludes that both situations stereotype the human person and affect interpersonal relationships. It proposes Jesus’ compassionate disposition and sense of solidarity as indices for the management of the COVID-19 crisis.

Thinking Faith

AbstractFaith and science have been continuously portrayed as incompatible counterparts. This article argues conversely that scientific reflection on faith, namely academic theology, is not opposed to but essential for a Christian life. The contents of faith require precise description, as they constitute the Church community and can be even dangerous if unprecise or incorrect. In cooperation with other disciplines, theology contributes to ethical debates, such as the question of interhuman relationships and welfare of non‐human creatures and future generations.

When Knowledge Is Not Enough

When Knowledge Is Not Enough

Art, Ecology and Affective Encounters: An Ecosophical Study of Folk Tales from Tripura

This paper promotes an anti-anthropomorphic approach to the study of folk oratures of India’s Northeast with special reference to select motifs in the folk tales of the Bongcher and Chakma communities of Tripura (in English translation). The tales are replete with strange transformations from humans to beasts and birds, and vice versa. This motif of metamorphosis serves to situate the folk tales of this region in a paradigm which explores and accommodates a literally symbiotic kinship between art and nature. Timothy Morton’s observations on “ecological thought”, and the “mesh” resting on the pillars of inter-human and inter-elemental relationships which they foreground, offer a methodological premise to this study. This paper pursues an ecosophical study of select folk tales like – Rulrengtenu Retape (Bongcher), translated as “The Story of the Snake-Queen” and Bucya buri a Egpal Bandar (Chakma), translated as “The Old Man and the Band of Monkeys”. Besides, this study may also be situated at a crucial juncture in human history, when concerns of late capitalism and its consequent ecological collapse have begun to threaten life on this planet. Hence, this study also draws on Guattari’s notion of ecosophy engaged upon in his work The Three Ecologies, and explores how folk tales of India’s Northeast encompass the material, social, and perceptual realms of ecology in all its diverse life-affirming varieties.

Decolonizing Assessment in Dance Education: Ubuntu as an Evaluative Framework in Indigenous African Dance Education Practices

ABSTRACT This article examines how the philosophy of Ubuntu is reflected in assessment and feedback provision systems of Indigenous dance education in African communities. In environments where urbanization, globalization, digitalization, and existing traces of colonialism are contesting Indigenous epistemologies, examining how communities value and leverage Indigenous philosophies to teach Indigenous dances is necessary. I draw on hermeneutic phenomenological stories and my participant observations to reveal that the complex assessment and feedback mechanisms support individual growth and community connections as a basis for knowledge production and holistic education. Manifested in music, community connection, embodied observations, community values and ethics, communal participation, and peer support, the assessment and feedback are engrained in mutuality, dialogue, connection, care, open-mindedness, moral maturity, inclusion, belonging, embodied participation, and individual innovation as ethos of interhuman relationships and relationality. Insights are provided on how dance practitioners can approach creating, performing, teaching, and sharing dance as community-building experiences and interhuman connections.

Ethnicity, identity and the search for a new social order: A study of Zakes Mda’s The Madonna of Excelsior and Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things

This research paper examines ethnicity and identity as represented in Zakes Mda’s The Madonna of Excelsior and Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. In the reading of these novels one realises that the South African and Indian societies still face ethnic rivalry which has been a perennial problem from time immemorial. The bone of contention underlying this research is the fact that Zakes Mda and Arundhati Roy in their texts present societies fragmented by ethnic rivalry and identity crises which have hindered the effective evolution of these societies. This paper thus, seeks to answer the following questions: How is the fragmented nature of South Africa and India presented by Mda and Roy and what strategies are adopted by characters in these novels to remedy this situation? As a follow-up to these questions, this paper hypothesised that Zakes Mda and Arundhati Roy in similar ways highlight the predicaments of their societies and propose reconciliatory strategies through which these societies can evolve. To proceed with this study, we have chosen the postcolonial theory which aims at scrutinising the inter-human relationships in these societies as presented in these novels. Throughout the analysis, we realised that in societies with many ethnic groups, relationships are developed based on colour or tribal lines, or upon the binaries of the Manichean Allegory, which have a great impact on the relationship between characters. This led to the conclusion that a future space of peace, harmony and fraternity can only be achieved if characters express tolerance, respect each other, and above all reconcile their differences.

Politics, Identity and Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Richard Ali’s "City of Memories"

Abstract The North-Central part of Nigeria especially the city of Jos was once a bastion of peace and a settler’s haven because of its azure weather, fertile vegetation and infectious cordial and hospitable inter-human relationship among its inhabitants. As Nigeria’s ‘melting pot’, Jos has a significant place in Nigeria’s politico-economic and social history. In recent times, Jos has witnessed and keeps witnessing some political and social upheavals. As literature is a reflection and representation of the society, this study examines the extent to which the social and political events in Jos, North-central Nigeria, characterize the basic ingredients with which Richard Ali concocts the events in his novel, City of Memories. Applying the theory of New Historicism, the essay evaluates the literary dimensions of ethno-religious violence which are taking frightening dimensions in Nigeria, and identifies possible suggestions made in respect to their causes, consequences and possible ways of management and control.

PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN PADA MANAJER TERHADAP MOTIVASI KARYAWAN DALAM KEHIDUPAN BISNIS: SEBUAH PENELITIAN PADA KARYAWAN RAMAYANA

Many factors influence employee work motivation at the individual and organizational level, both internally and externally, psychosocially and physiologically. The trust aspect, which is also the foundation of interhuman relationships, is undoubtedly one of the most significant factors. Trust depends on the circumstances of the individual and the company. Confidence at the person level in general can be assured if the employee has a tendency to be confident and behave and behave. Trust at the organizational level can only be guaranteed if decisions and practices within the organization can be trusted, especially all managerial activities and actions. In Ramayana, Surabaya,field studies were conducted and384 participants, according to the sample size, were involved in the study. There is a positive correlation between employee motivation and trust according to the results. The most powerful factor among managers' trust factors is that managers are honest in their activities and actions. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation is the most important driving force. Therefore, this research shows that trust in managers has a positive influence on employees' work motivation.

Symphonies in black and grey, harmonies in iron and steel: Walter Pater painting the French Wars of Religion in Gaston de Latour

Walter Pater’s unfinished historical novel Gaston de Latour (1888–94), set during the French Wars of Religion in the late sixteenth century, operates on a complex monochromatic colour symbolism that ties the colours of sixteenth-century French art together with a late nineteenth-century synaesthesia. This article explores the ways in which Pater engaged with James Abbot McNeill Whistler, John Ruskin, Emilia Pattison, Alexandre Dumas, and Charles Baudelaire in his evocation of the aesthetics of Renaissance France. While also being profoundly involved with the historiography, biography, prose, and poetry of sixteenth-century France, Pater let the colours of the past rise to the surface of his text, transforming them for his own purpose. His highly idiosyncratic use of the colour schemes and materials of Renaissance art alerts us to the clashes between north and south, the Flemish and the Italianate influences on French Renaissance art, the complexities of portraiture, line versus colour, and a golden palette contrasted with a blue one. Pater’s carefully controlled colour symbolism, often moving within a Whistlerian monochromatic scale, gives highly aestheticized depictions of ugliness, in inter-human relationships on both a national and a personal level, thus exposing the subversive powers of beauty. As we dig beneath the beautiful surface, horror and ugliness abound, inviting us to think more broadly about decadence as a recurrent phenomenon.

Comparative Study of Classical Greek Ethics and Islamic Ethics


 The notion that Islamic ethics originate from Classical Greek ethics needs examination. It is true that Muslim thinkers or scholars who wrote works on ethics were influenced by classical Greek philosophers. However, there are strong fundamental characters that distinguish Islamic ethics from Greek ethics. This study aims to highlight these differences and critically shows that such differences come from philosophical and ethical principles. Base on a comparative study of Muslims and Greek philosophers, this study shows that in substance, the style of Islamic ethics is very different from Classical Greek ethics. While Classical Greek ethics reveals its fundamental character of atheism, focusing on human relationship while releasing faith in its discussion, Islamic ethics tends to expose the characters of theism. Its discourse reaches the level of spirituality that covers not only inter-human relationships but also the relationship between humans and God. It also refers to the scriptural sources such as the Qur'an and Hadith and Islamic ethics related to faith. Nevertheless, both of them have commonalities in the relationship between ethics and happiness, which become the highest goal of ethics in both traditions.

The ethical dimension of consumption in a relationship

Abstract In the present thesis the characteristics of current consumer society are presented in the context of female-male relationships and any inter-human relationships. It has been shown that the ideology of consumption may have an impact on the changeability of female-male relationships, as well as on the stereotypical division of roles in a relationship. The importance of consumer ethics has here been emphasised. For this purpose, the model of erotic ethos, based on sexual aesthetics, has been discussed in this article. This model is connected with the contemporary consumption model, in which one can compare material product consumption with relationship consumption. It seems that consumer ethics concerning relationships not only should consider current changes, but also, in the context of a relationship, bear in mind life ethos and sexual aesthetics.

Communing with Bees: A Whole-of-Community Approach to Address Crisis in the Anthropocene

We are currently facing myriad socio-ecological crises, from global climate change to resource depletion to the loss of dozens of species every day. Despite a longstanding and impassioned environmental movement, these problems persist and are worsening. The extent and degree of human-induced change on the planet is significant enough to have placed us in a new geological age: the Anthropocene. Three perspectives are engaged as a way to understand this new era and address our fractured human-nature relationship: (1) polit­ical ecology, (2) the ecological humanities, and (3) the informal economy. An exploration of inter­secting themes leads to the start of a new theo­retical contribution, which manifests at the convergence of theories: a “whole-of-community” approach. This whole-of-community approach is one that is concerned with both inter-human and interspecies relationships to move us towards communities that are place-based, integrated, participatory, and grounded in eco-social justice and equity. Pollinating bees are used as an illus­trative example of how to achieve this vision. Bees can be both a bridge and gateway. As a bridge, they can provide a way of (re)connecting human and nonhuman nature and as a gateway, they can guide humans to a deeper understanding and connection with urban natures. Reconciling humans with the rest of the biotic community through place-based initiatives is possible by fundamentally and radically expanding our current framing of the concept of community. See the press release for this article.

Persuasion Connotations at Macro-Social Level

Abstract This approach examines the comparative relationship between persuasion at micro and macro-social level, under the framework of the comparative analysis method. In this sense, after identifying and presenting the concept of persuasion, the similarity of interpretation and persuasion techniques are emphasized. The study first addresses the epistemological and methodological aspect of the social connotations of persuasion. It has as main objectives to ensure the interpretation of the concept, to identify the strategies, to describe the mechanisms by which the persuasion in the public space is reconstructed and to discover the methods of resistance to this type of communication. The usefulness of studying this type of communication results from the effects it has on the individual and its various inter-human relationships in the macro-social space.

Reformation Theology for a Post-Secular Age: Løgstrup, Prenter, Wingren, and the Future of Scandinavian Creation Theology ed. by Niels Henrik Gregersen, Bengt Kristensson Uggla, and Trygve Wyller

Reviewed by: Reformation Theology for a Post-Secular Age: Løgstrup, Prenter, Wingren, and the Future of Scandinavian Creation Theology ed. by Niels Henrik Gregersen, Bengt Kristensson Uggla, and Trygve Wyller Joshua C. Miller Reformation Theology for a Post-Secular Age: Løgstrup, Prenter, Wingren, and the Future of Scandinavian Creation Theology. Edited by Niels Henrik Gregersen, Bengt Kristensson Uggla, and Trygve Wyller. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2017. 274 pp. This compendium comprises sixteen essays concerned with Scandinavian creation theology (SCT), a Lutheran stream of thought flowing from theologians K. E. Løgstrup, Regin Prenter, and Gustaf Wingren. The authors present this stream as a promising rivulet to [End Page 117] traverse in the post-secular twenty-first century, as it takes creation as the boundary and context for all theology (21). The work is divided into four sections. In the first, the authors explore the theology of Løgstrup, Prenter, and Wingren. In the second, they address the influences of Luther and Grundtvig upon SCT. Each essay in these two sections describes facets of SCT and orients the reader in the contours of this school of theology as a whole. In their introduction (chapter one of part one) Gregersen, Uggla, and Wyller provide an overview of SCT’s development and embodiment especially in its three leading lights, its indebtedness to Luther and Grundtvig, and its common universal features. These features include a concern for the givenness of creation, the belief that God is continually active in creation, and an emphasis on the importance of a common humanity (20–21). The authors argue for SCT as a Lutheran alternative path to Barthianism, post-liberalism, and radical orthodoxy in the twenty-first century on account of SCT’s deep roots in the liberating external Word of God and serious engagement with the creation made by that Word (19–20). The three essays, by Gregersen, Christine Poder, and Uggla, that follow this introduction flesh out the content of SCT by identifying the particular contributions of Løgstrup, Prenter, and Wingren respectively to this school. Gregersen delineates how Løgstrup articulated an ethic that takes into account not just the divine command in the law but the fact that life is an unmerited gift. Such givenness comes through the interconnectedness of life in inter-human relationships through which humans live out their vocation before God and others. Løgstrup rejected the Kantian notion of life as demand and reorients anthropology through the notion of givenness (41–42). Poder describes how Prenter argued for harmony between the works of creation and redemption. These complementary works are wrought by the Holy Spirit, the Spiritus Creator, who creates out of nothing both the old creation of the universe and the new creation of justification by faith in Christ (72). For Prenter, the original creation is real and sacramental, filled by the real presence of God in Christ in the midst of its fallenness, inextricably connecting this creation to the new (67, 83). [End Page 118] Uggla asserts that Wingren’s contribution to SCT used Luther and Irenaeus to reorient Swedish theology both towards creation generally and to theological anthropology specifically. Salvation, according to Wingren, is becoming human again. Redemption is a return to creation; it is not “purely spiritual” but real (107–109). While Løgstrup, Prenter, and Wingren may be the promulgators of SCT, Allen Jorgenson and A. M. Allchin demonstrate Luther’s and Grundtvig’s influence upon the movement. Jorgenson describes how SCT adopts from Luther the ideas that the imago dei has to do with the human being a part of continuing creation, that the eschaton will consist of a restored creation, and that God works in creation through created means. Allchin then identifies how SCT utilizes Grundtvig’s belief that the earth itself is created as the image of God and bearer of revelation. While the first and second sections orient the reader in the contours of this school, the essays in the third and fourth sections elucidate connections between SCT and contemporary topics and other streams of thought. Some authors address subthemes within SCT and their potential use within particular contexts and in view of particular issues, including ecology and phenomenology...