Interhemispheric Hematoma Research Articles

Neonatal cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Diagnosis, management and outcome – a short case series

Background. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is considered a rare condition in neonates. We present the experience of our unit in the diagnosis and management of inborn patients with CVST, in order to increase awareness of this condition and the chances of early diagnosis and management. Material and method. We present three cases of patients born in our department between 2019-2022 with CVST. There are reviewed: the history, the symptomatology in the neonatal period, the imaging findings and the treatment in the hospital. In all the cases the diagnosis was suspected after an ultrasound examination and confirmed by MRI. After discharge from the hospital the patients were followed by the pediatric neurologist and were included in an early intervention program for motor and occupational therapy. There are also reviewed the motor, cognitive and language outcomes of the patients. Results. The first case is represented by the term neonate with seizures at 40 hours of age. The seizures were controlled by levetiracetam. The ultrasound and MRI showed lesions with a venous topography of different ages. The patient developed unilateral motor deficit delayed milestones, and cognitive and language impairment. The second case is an asymptomatic neonate diagnosed at 3 days of life by a routine ultrasound with right-sided intraparenchymal and interhemispheric hematomas and CSVT. The patient developed a head growth deficit and motor delay. The third case is a term LGA neonate with respiratory distress that was diagnosed with a white matter lesion and an old CVST. The patient presented with a mild motor deficit Conclusion. The diagnosis of CVST requires a high awareness about the risk factors, the presenting symptoms and ultrasound suggestive findings – this in turn leads to an appropriate indication for MRI confirmation of the lesions and a better prognosis because the appropriate treatment could be provided and the patient could be included in an early intervention program in order to decrease de incidence and severity of the long-term neuro-behavioral consequences.

The Combined Pterionally Interhemispheric Approach as a Solution of Double Aneurysms in the Area of Anterior Communicating Artery and Interhemispheric Haematoma and Hemocephalus

The Combined Pterionally Interhemispheric Approach as a Solution of Double Aneurysms in the Area of Anterior Communicating Artery and Interhemispheric Haematoma and Hemocephalus

The Combined Pterionally Interhemispheric Approach as a Solution of Double Aneurysms in the Area of Anterior Communicating Artery and Interhemispheric Haematoma and Hemocephalus

The Combined Pterionally Interhemispheric Approach as a Solution of Double Aneurysms in the Area of Anterior Communicating Artery and Interhemispheric Haematoma and Hemocephalus

The death of Henry II, King of France (1519-1559). From myth to medical and historical fact.

On 30 June 1559, Henry II, King of France, was mortally wounded in the head by a lance during a jousting match. Despite the best efforts of his physicians, Ambroise Paré and Andreas Vesalius, King Henry died 11 days later. This article, based on previously unpublished evidence, aims at examining the historical account of his death against modern medical practice to establish the probable cause of the king's death. We also discuss what treatments the doctors in the sixteenth century may have had to offer. Historical accounts of the joust provide details of the incident including the position of the visor of the king's helmet. Descriptions of the wood fragments removed from the right orbit by Italian observers and a new translation of the autopsy by Andreas Vesalius allow an accurate description of the actual injury. Our research counters previous theories and concludes that Henry II was the victim of craniofacial trauma involving the right eye and that he died from periorbital cellulitis caused by a retained foreign body in the wound, complicated by a left interhemispheric empyema preceded by a traumatic interhemispheric haematoma. It would appear that the royal court doctors advocated a wait-and-see strategy, with little actual input from Ambroise Paré or Andreas Vesalius, with a clearly regrettable outcome.

Endovascular Exclusion of the Anterior Communicating Artery with Flow-Diverter Stents as an Emergency Treatment for Blister-Like Intracranial Aneurysms

Blood blister-like aneurysms (BLAs) are rare lesions, associated with diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). BLAs tend to rebleed quickly after first bleeding and must be treated as an emergency. Acute treatment is challenging using surgical and endovascular approaches due to the fragile aneurysm wall and small sac. Flow-diverter stents (FDSs) may offer a new option for the treatment of difficult small aneurysms. We describe a case of a ruptured BLA on the anterior communicating artery (AComA) treated in the acute phase of SAH by endovascular exclusion of the AComA with deployment of two FDSs in the A1/A2 junctions of both anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs). A 61-year-old man was admitted for diffuse SAH with a focal interhemispheric hematoma. Angiography revealed multiple arterial wall irregularities on the AComA and both ACAs. We performed an endovascular shunt of the AComA by deploying two FDSs in both A1/A2 junctions. Immediate control injections confirmed flow diversion in the A1/A2 segments of the ACAs with decreased blood flow in the AComA. The patient's course in hospital was uneventful. A three-month follow-up angiogram confirmed complete exclusion of the aneurysms, complete exclusion of the AComA, and patency of the two ACAs without any persistent arterial wall irregularity. Endovascular bypass using an FDS for a ruptured BLA has never been described. It establishes a new therapeutic option despite the need for antiplatelet therapy. Endovascular AComA exclusion using an FDS may be a solution when no other treatment is available for a ruptured BLA.

Surgical management of traumatic interhemispheric subdural hematoma.

To review our experience in the surgical treatment of TISH, and to analyze prognostic factors. Clinical and imaging data, surgical modalities, and outcomes of 21 patients with TISH who were treated with microsurgery were analyzed retrospectively. Prognostic factors for outcome were analyzed by univariate analysis. Long-term follow up with outcome assessment according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) showed good recovery in 16 cases, moderate disability in two cases, severe disability in one case, and death in two cases. During surgery the origin of bleeding could be identified in all 21 cases. A rupture of the distal anterior cerebral artery or veins in the interhemispheric fissure was seen more frequently in patients with whole interhemispheric fissure hematoma, while hemorrhage from brain tissue laceration was seen more frequently in patients with more localized hematomas. The outcome in patients with an identified rupture of a vessel was better than in those with cortical laceration. Preoperative GCS score and thickness of the interhemispheric hematoma were correlated with outcome (P=0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). Outcome after surgical treatment for TISH can be good, and careful surgical planning and microsurgical techniques to preserve venous drainage are essential.

Inter-hemispheric scissure, a rare location for a traumatic subdural hematoma, case report and review of the literature

Subdural interhemispheric hematomas (ISH), though not really rare, are quite an uncommon complication of head traumas. This condition is more frequent in childhood, where it is generally considered as a part of a more complex syndrome, called ‘Shaken Children Syndrome’, usually pointing out child abuse. Although a head injury is very often considered the cause (in about 80–90% of the cases), possible predisposing factors such as coagulopathies, alcohol abuse or anticoagulant therapy can also be considered. Furthermore, as the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm has also occasionally pinpointed as a possible cause, this event should be kept in mind in order to be able to address exactly both the diagnostic and therapeutical procedures. A new conservatively managed case is thereby described. A review of the literature with particular attention drawn to the diagnosis and the different therapeutical possibilities is also elaborated.

Ruptured Distal Accessory Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: Case Report

Accessory anterior cerebral artery (ACA), which is a type of median artery of anomalous triplicate ACA, is not rare, but aneurysmal formation is extremely rare. We report a rare case with ruptured aneurysm arising from a distal accessory ACA. We discuss the characteristics and causes of this type of aneurysm and classification of this anomaly. A 63-year-old man suddenly developed severe headache and then loss of consciousness and paraplegia. Computed tomography disclosed thick and diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and interhemispheric hematoma. Subsequent bleeding occurred 2 hours after the first hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography disclosed a saccular aneurysm arising from the distal accessory ACA. Neck clipping of the aneurysm was performed 22 hours after the second episode, using an interhemispheric approach. Although transient paraplegia occurred 8 days after onset, the patient recovered well after surgery without neurological deficit. The characteristics of the aneurysm arising from distal accessory ACA are considered similar to those of distal ACA aneurysm. There is, however, some confusion regarding the terminology of the anterior communicating artery complex anomalies, which we discuss.