Interfacial Damping Research Articles

Evolution of static and dynamic magnetic properties of Re/Co/Pt and Pt/Co/Re trilayers with enhanced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

The influence of Re layer insertion either at the bottom or top interface of epitaxially grown Pt/Co/Pt heterostructures on their static and dynamic magnetic properties is discussed in terms of their crystalline structure. Magnetic properties were studied as a function of both Re and Co layer thicknesses (dRe and dCo, respectively) in the matrix-like samples with a double-wedge structure, in which the layer thickness gradients were oriented orthogonally. The comprehensive investigations of the changes in coercivity, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, spin reorientation transition, interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) and spin wave damping are reported. Two different magnetic phases depending on the Co layer thickness with volume anisotropies (determined without demagnetization term) of KV∼0.25 (low) and KV∼0.75 MJ/m3 (high) were observed. The relation between these phases depends on the stack sequence and thickness of Re inserted layer. For dRe = 0.2 ÷ 0.7 nm deposited as the bottom interface, dCo induced transition at dtr ∼ 2 nm from low to high volume anisotropy phases was observed. Low and high volume anisotropy phases are associated to Co fcc and hcp structural phases. The insertion of half atomic layer of Re had no influence on surface anisotropy but significantly enhanced iDMI above 1 pJ/m and reduced spin wave damping.

Effect of Cu alloying on the damping and compression properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced Al-30Zn-xCu alloy matrix composites

For a long time, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have always faced a trade-off between damping and mechanical properties, and this is especially true for high-Zn Al alloy matrix composites. In this study, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced Al-30Zn-xCu-0.5GNPs laminated composites with excellent damping-mechanical property balance were fabricated by flake powder metallurgy and Cu alloying. The addition of Cu element greatly refines the intragranular and intergranular precipitated η-Zn phases, which not only increases the Al-Zn interfacial area but also weakens the tendency of cracking at the grain boundaries. The increased Al-Zn interfacial area is conducive to the improvement of the damping performance of the composites through the interfacial damping mechanism, but the excessive generation of θ-CuAl2 induced by too high Cu additions will harden the matrix, resulting in a simultaneous decrease in the damping performance and plasticity.

Damping properties and mechanism of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with glass cenospheres

The damping properties were improved by preparing Al matrix composites reinforced with glass cenospheres through the pressure infiltration method. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the microstructure of the composites. The low-frequency damping properties were examined by using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer, aiming at exploring the changing trend of damping capacity with strain, temperature, and frequency. The findings demonstrated that the damping value rose as temperature and strain increased, with a maximum value of 0.15. Additionally, the damping value decreased when the frequency increased. Dislocation damping under strain and interfacial damping under temperature served as the two primary damping mechanisms. The increase in the density of dislocation strong pinning points following heat treatment reduced the damping value, which was attributed to the heat treatment enhancement of the interfacial bonding force of the composites.

Peculiar microstructure with high damping capacity for Al0.5CrFe2Ni medium-entropy alloy

In this paper, the effect of Al mole ratio on phase evolution, damping capacity and mechanical properties of the AlxCrFe2Ni (indicated by Alx, x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) was investigated. The results show that the structure of the Alx MEAs changes from the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase dominated by the Al0.3 alloy to the body-centered cubic (BCC) phase dominated by the Al0.7 alloy. As the volume fraction of the BCC phase increases the corresponding grain size of the alloys decreases and then increases, which increases the ferromagnetic properties and decreases interfacial area in the Alx alloys. The high damping capacity of Al0.5 and Al0.7 alloys is corresponding to 0.05545, and 0.05044, respectively, under the synergistic effects of ferromagnetic damping and interfacial damping. The special honeycomb-like morphology of FCC phase distributed in the BCC matrix gives the Al0.5 alloy the highest damping capacity and yield strength.

Improving Thermal and Mechanical Properties of CuـAl Based Alloy Used for High-Temperature Applications (A Review) By IJISRT

Despite the increased usage of composite materials, high-strength aluminum alloys maintain significance in airframe construction. Aluminum's attributes of being lightweight, relatively low-cost, heat- treatable, and capable of withstanding high-stress levels contribute to its continued importance. These properties also reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs compared to other high-performance materials. Recent advancements in aluminum aircraft alloys have enabled them to compete effectively with modern composite materials. This study delves into the latest developments, focusing on improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and utilizing high-performance joining techniques. Cu-Al-based alloys represent a new class of functional materials. Due to their unique thermoelastic martensite structure, their exceptional damping performance has garnered attention in materials science and engineering. However, challenges such as elastic anisotropy and larger grain sizes can lead to brittle fractures, impacting the material's mechanical properties. It is widely acknowledged that achieving a finer grain size is pivotal when creating Copper Aluminum alloys with exceptional mechanical attributes and effective damping characteristics. Smaller grain sizes allow for the combined use of fine grain strengthening and interfacial damping, resulting in alloys demonstrating exceptional overall characteristics. This paper presents several standard approaches for preparing Copper Aluminum alloys, subsequently examining research efforts dedicated to enhancing grain size through alloying and heat treatment. Moreover, nanomaterials are being investigated as potential agents for reinforcing Cu–Al-based alloys, leading to substantial improvements in their mechanical characteristics and damping capacities. The study aims to serve as a valuable reference for future research in developing structure-function integrated materials capable of simultaneously offering high strength and high damping characteristics.

Effect of rubber surface treatment on damping performance of rubber-mortar ITZ in rubberized concrete

The reduction of the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete can be alleviated by surface treatment of rubber particles, which changes the interface between cement and rubber particles. The dynamic properties of the rubber-mortar interface under different bonding states were explored by performing four-point bending tests on the rubberized concrete beams. The free decay method was used to test the damping ratios of rubberized concrete beams with different interfaces and damage states. Isight was used to build an inversion analysis platform to determine the damping ratios of the rubber-mortar interfaces with different bonding states. The results show that: (1) Compared with the water treatment, the damping ratio of rubberized concrete modified by sodium hydroxide decreased by 3.01 %, while zinc stearate modification increased the damping ratio by 15.37 %; (2) The average increase in the damping ratio of zinc stearate rubberized concrete was 14.51 % for each damage level. Sodium hydroxide resulted in a 75.4 % decrease in the rubber-mortar interfacial damping ratio, while zinc stearate increased the interfacial damping ratio by 381.9 %; (3) The relationship among the normal bond strength, fracture energy and interface damping ratio was fitted by a planar relation formula.

BNNT vs. CNT: influence of structural defects on damping characteristics of nanocomposites.

The viscoelastic damping of nanocomposites reinforced with BNNTs and CNTs was compared. MD simulations revealed that the interfacial damping of pristine-CNT was superior to that of pristine-BNNT. The contrasting effects of structural defects were elucidated using interfacial adhesion, interphase, and overlapping phonon density of states in the nanotubes and polymers.

Investigation of Vibration Damping Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Waste Carbonaceous Fillers

The present work aims to utilize two different waste carbonaceous fillers, i.e., recycled carbon black (RCB) (industrial waste) and recycled graphite (RGP) (Battery waste), for the fabrication of vibration damping composites. Three types of composites were prepared, i.e., Neat NR, NR/RCB20, and NR/RGP20, using natural rubber (NR) matrix according to the standard ASTM D 3182-21a. The physical and mechanical properties of developed composites were investigated as per the standard ASTM D792-20 and ASTM D412-16. Moreover, the interfacial damping mechanism between polymer matrix, RCB, and RGP fillers was studied by determining vibration-damping properties as per standard ASTM E756-05. Furthermore, the influence of different parameters, such as particle size, carbon content, and surface area, of carbonaceous fillers on the resulting damping characteristics of developed composites was investigated through SEM, CHNS, and BET analysis. The result suggests that with the addition of 20 phr of RCB and RGP in the polymer matrix, the density of NR/RCB20 and NR/RGP20 composites were increased by ~ 7.08% and ~ 14.68%, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical and vibration damping properties of NR/RCB20 and NR/RGP20 composites show better performance than Neat NR composite.

Mechanism of phase structure modulating damping in Fe73Ga27 alloy

The magnetostriction and damping performance of Fe–Ga alloy are closely related to the phase structure. In this paper, the phase structure of Fe73Ga27 alloy was regulated by homogenization + aging treatment. The results show that the Fe73Ga27 alloy with modified-D03 phase has higher damping performance at lower amplitudes, and the damping peak is nearly 1.3 times that of only solution-treated alloy. The modified-D03 phase with tetragonal structure leads to local tetragonal distortion of the matrix, which enhances the magnetostriction and magneto-mechanical damping. In addition, the presence of the modified-D03 phase also increases the sensitivity of the alloy to stress. The Fe73Ga27 alloy with L12 phase as the main phase has higher damping performance at higher amplitudes. When the amplitude is higher than 3 × 10−4, the damping value is more than 1.6 times that of only solution-treated alloy. The mismatch between the L12 phase and matrix with body-centered cubic structure greatly improves the nonmagnetic damping. The strain mismatch between the L12 phase and the matrix causes interfacial sliding under load to provide interfacial damping. The high-density dislocation due to the thermal mismatch effect enhances dislocation damping.

Theoretical modeling of heat transfer in vertical upward and downward annular flow boiling

This work entails experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for annular flow boiling in upward and downward flow configurations. The working fluid used was HFE-7000 and experimental measurements were carried out inside a 6 mm sapphire tube coated externally with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) for Joule heating. The range of vapor quality, mass flux, and heat flux investigated were 0.15 − 0.7, 75–400 kg/(m2s), and 0.5 − 3.0 W/cm2, respectively. Theoretical models for predicting HTC in upward and downward flows were developed using heat-flux-dependent wall shear stress correlations and roll-wave-velocity-based interfacial damping function. It was found that interfacial damping depends on the Reynolds number of the liquid film. The proposed models predicted over 96% of the measured HTC within ±20% in both upward and downward flows and reproduced the heat flux dependence of the HTC. The models also predicted over 96% of the measured liquid film thickness within ±30% in both upward and downward flows.

Microstructure and properties of Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Y alloy with precipitation and effective strengthening by aging treatment

The Cu-11Al-3Ni-2.5Mn-1Y alloy prepared by hot-press sintering was subjected to aging treatment at different temperatures of 350 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C and 550 °C, respectively. The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and damping properties were characterized. The results show that the alloys after the ageing treatment are mainly composed of 18 R martensite and 2 H martensite. The precipitation phase begins to appear and the best comprehensive properties are obtained at the aging temperature of 450 °C. The hardness and strength values reached 347.6 HV and 642.6 MPa, respectively. The strengthening mechanisms are mainly involved in lattice distortion and dislocation increment effect caused by solution strengthening, shearing and hindering effect of precipitated phases and dislocations, fine grain strengthening effect caused by grain size reduction, and the increase of large angle grain boundary. Simultaneously, the room temperature damping reached 0.0723, which is 93 % higher than the original sample of 0.38. The improvement of damping properties is closely related to the changes in the number and size of martensite, the interfacial damping effect caused by precipitated phases, and the pinning and unpinning reaction between dislocations and precipitated phases. Therefore, alloys with both high mechanical and high damping properties can be obtained by proper aging treatment. In addition, the increase in phase transition temperature of high temperature damping properties also provides some guidance for the exploration and development of this alloy in the high temperature field.

Phononic characteristics to determine absorbing shock-wave energy for low-dimensional materials

Recent, the low-dimensional materials open an exciting research opportunity for material properties that related to phonon dynamics in specific applications. We have performed the molecular dynamics of the shock-wave propagation in nanocomposites consisting of different low-dimensional carbon materials (FCC–C60, MCNT, or MGNS) and monocrystal Al. The results have revealed the intrinsic correlation between their phononic characteristics and shock-wave energy absorption. Herein, the MCNT far outperforms the other structures in elastic absorption for shock-wave energy to reduce 80% of the shock-wave intensity. As expected, dispersion mechanism is mediated by the interaction between mid-frequency phonons and shock-wave, absorbing large amounts of shock-wave energy. In addition, dissipation mechanism constitutes an auxiliary driver of energy absorption. The process is shown to stem from synergistic effect of thermal phonon scattering in crystal and interfacial phonon damping. Our work provides a potential approach for creating extreme energy absorption in nanocomposites.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and damping capacity of Fe-Mn-Co Alloys reinforced with graphene

Fe-17Mn-3Co-xGR alloys (x = 0,0.5,1,1.5 wt%) reinforced with Graphene were systematically characterized and analyzed to investigate effect of Graphene on microstructure, mechanical properties, and damping capacity of the composites. With the increase of Graphene content, the grain size of the alloys gradually decreases while the hardness, tensile strength, and fracture elongation gradually increase. When Graphene content was 1.5 wt%, the tensile strength, fracture elongation, and hardness of the alloy were 438.8 MPa, 11.1 %, and 392.9 HV respectively, which increased by 72.3 %, 101.1 %, and 45.1 % compared to the alloy without Graphene. Results show that the alloy is mainly composed of γ-austenite, ε-martensite, and α՛-martensite, simultaneously, the carbides of Fe and the carbides of Mn are formed at the grain boundaries. As the Graphene content increases, the carbides formed at the grain boundaries gradually increase to the extent that reunion even occurs. The damping capacity increases and then decreases with an increased Graphene content, which is mainly related to the grain boundary damping effect because of grain size reduction, the interfacial damping effect owing to carbide formation, and the dislocation damping effect. When the Graphene content is 1 wt %, the carbide formation suppresses the grain growth and the carbide reunion is useless, the alloy has the most excellent damping performance with a damping capacity of 0.033 and favorable mechanical properties. Therefore, 1 wt % Graphene addition to Fe-17Mn-3Co alloy can obtain Fe-17Mn-3Co-1GR damping alloy with the optimal overall properties.

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Damping Property of Magnetorheological Elastomer.

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a kind of smart material, whose mechanical property can be controlled by the external magnetic field quickly and reversibly. The damping property of MRE is one of the most concerned properties when designing MRE based devices. In this work, the influence of gamma radiation on the damping property of MRE was investigated. Six different exposures of gamma radiation were applied to the MRE samples. The highest gamma radiation dose was up to 1 × 105 Gy(Si), which can cover most of the engineering application scenarios. The influence of gamma radiation on the damping-strain relation and the damping-magnetic-field relation were studied. The probable mechanisms were discussed in detail. It is found that the gamma radiation does not affect the variation trend of loss factor of MRE with increasing strain amplitude or magnetic flux density. But it affects the variation trend of the maximum change of strain-induced or magnetic-field-induced loss factor of MRE. Besides, with constant strain and constant magnetic flux density, the loss factor of MRE shows w-shape variation trend with increasing gamma radiation dose. It is considered to be resulted from the combined action of the intrinsic damping and the interfacial friction damping of MRE.

Enhanced dispersion stability and interfacial damping of POSS-functionalized graphene oxide in PDMS nanocomposites

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) is prepared to improve the dispersity of GO nanofillers in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Improved interfacial affinity of the GO-POSS with a polymer matrix is characterized by a small amplitude oscillatory shear test. We confirm that the POSS-functionalized GO induces better filler dispersibility and less filler aggregation in the matrix, resulting in enhanced elasticity in the solution. After curing, the POSS interface works as a soft and lubricating layer at the interface, which enhances interfacial damping within the nanocomposites.

Effect of interfacial damping on high-frequency surface wave resonance on a nanostrip-bonded substrate

Since surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are often generated on substrates to which nanostrips are periodically attached, it is very important to consider the effect of an interface between the deposited strip and the substrate surface, which is an unavoidable issue in manufacturing. In this article, we propose a theoretical model that takes into account interface damping and calculate the dispersion relationships both for frequency and for attenuation of SAW resonance. These results show that the interface damping has an insignificant effect on resonance frequency; but, interestingly, attenuation of the SAW can decrease significantly in the high-frequency region as the interface damping increases. Using picosecond ultrasound spectroscopy, we confirm the validity of our theory; the experimental results show similar trends both for resonant frequency and attenuation in the SAW resonance. Furthermore, the resonant behavior of the SAW is simulated using the finite element method, and the intrinsic cause of interface damping on the vibrating system is discussed. These findings strongly indicate the necessity of considering interfacial damping in the design of SAW devices.

Plasmon–Exciton Coupling Effect on Plasmon Damping

Plasmon decay via the surface or interface is a critical process for practical energy conversion and plasmonic catalysis. However, the relationship between plasmon damping and the coupling between the plasmon and 2D materials is still unclear. The spectral splitting due to plasmon–exciton interaction impedes the conventional single‐particle method to evaluate the plasmon damping rate by spectral linewidth. The interaction between a single gold nanorod and 2D materials using the single‐particle spectroscopy technique assisted with in situ nanomanipulation is investigated. The approach allows to indisputably identify that the plasmon–exciton coupling would induce plasmon damping in the GNR–WSe2 hybrid. It is confirmed that the resonant energy transfer channel dominates the plasmon decay rather than the charge transfer channel in the GNR–graphene hybrid first. The contribution of the charge transfer channel by using thin hBN layers as an intermediate medium to block the charge transfer is excluded. It is also found that the contact layer between the GNR and 2D materials contributes most of the interfacial plasmon damping. These findings contribute to a deep understanding of interfacial excitonic effects on the plasmon and 2D materials hybrid.

Effect of nanodiamond particle sizes on damping properties of ZK60 magnesium matrix composites

The aim of the research is to ensure that the material has functional mechanical properties as well as high-damping value. The microstructure, elemental composition, second phase distribution and interface structure of the Mg-based composite with different particle sizes were characterized by Optical Microscope(OM), X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The mechanical and damping properties of the ZK60 magnesium matrix composites were investigated an Instron5982 universal tester and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The results indicate that nanodiamond(ND) can disperse well in the composites. The elastic modulus of composite can reach 9.9 GPa after reinforcement phase being added. Under certain conditions,the damping value can reach beyond 2.5 × 10–1, which is 117% of other composite. High-temperature damping depends on grain boundary slip and interface slip. The interfacial damping depends on the difference in the incoherent interface and thermal expansion coefficient between the nanodiamond and ZK60 matrix to slip and improve the damping value.

Effects of alloying, heat treatment and nanoreinforcement on mechanical properties and damping performances of Cu–Al-based alloys: A review

Abstract Cu–Al-based alloys are a kind of new functional material. Due to their unique thermoelastic martensite structure, they have excellent damping performance, which has become a research hotspot in the field of materials science and engineering in recent years. However, the elastic anisotropy and large grain size easily cause a brittle fracture, which is harmful to the mechanical properties of the material. In order to meet the practical needs of engineering, it is an important choice to design Cu–Al-based alloys with excellent mechanical properties and damping performances from the perspective of refining the grain size. When the grain size is small, the effect of fine grain strengthening and interfacial damping can play a role simultaneously to obtain Cu–Al-based alloys with excellent comprehensive properties. In this paper, several common preparation methods of Cu–Al-based alloy are introduced firstly. Then the contributions of researchers in refining grain size from alloying and heat treatment are summarized. Meanwhile, nanomaterials can be used as the reinforcing phase of Cu–Al based alloy, and play a superb role in mechanical properties and damping performances. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the further research of structure-function integrated materials with high strength and high damping simultaneously. Finally, the development of Cu–Al-based alloy from the aspects of 3D printing and numerical simulation is prospected.

Validation of a morphology adaptive multi-field two-fluid model considering counter-current stratified flow with interfacial turbulence damping

Stratified flows are one of the most important multiphase flow regimes for safety analyses of the loss-of-coolant accident in pressurized water reactors. The present paper considers simulations of an isothermal counter-current stratified flow case in the channel of the WENKA (Water Entrainment Channel Karlsruhe) experiment using a morphology adaptive multi-field two-fluid modelling framework. A consistent momentum interpolation approach is applied together with the partial elimination algorithm, as it is required for strong momentum coupling, which enforces the no-slip condition at the interface and mirrors the behaviour of a homogeneous model. To model the turbulent flow conditions near an interface, the framework is extended with a turbulence damping model based on the damping scale formulation from the literature, which is introduced into the k-ω SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model. The presented modelling approach is validated with experimental data for the pressure difference and vertical profiles of volume fraction, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. Results of a mesh sensitivity study of the model are presented. Simulations were performed on two- and three-dimensional models of the channel geometry. Two turbulence damping strategies are investigated: symmetric, with damping in both phases, and asymmetric with damping only in the gas phase. The comparison shows that the asymmetric approach offers improved prediction of turbulent kinetic energy on the liquid side of the interface, but with a cost of diminished accuracy of the predicted velocity profiles on the gas side.