Interests Of Contributors Research Articles

Knowledge communication on social media: a case study of Biomedical Science on Baidu Baike

Social media are considered perfect examples of Web 2.0 applications, which people use to communicate and collaborate together. Baidu Baike, a wiki-like online encyclopedia, is analysed as a typical example in which experts and lay Internet users collaborate. Entries in Biomedical Science section are analysed to reveal communication activities behind the construction of such scholarly entries. The composition of the related entries, references of each entry, cooperation among contributors of entries, and common interests of contributors are analysed with Altmetrics, citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and heterogeneous coupling. Altmetrics is used to analyse scholarly communication during the construction of entries. Citation analysis based on references in entries provides a way to establish indirect communication between citing and cited authors, namely the contributors of entries and authors of references. Co-occurrence analysis is used for the analysis of cooperation both among experts and lay Internet users and the distribution of tags of entries. Heterogeneous coupling is used to reveal the relationship among entries based on common references as well as common experts. The results show that literature is referred to during people's online communication. The citations and tags of entries reflect the interdisciplinary specializations within Biomedical Science. The majority of experts cooperated with someone in the same affiliation but cross-unit cooperation also existed. The common interests of experts indicate that the specialists only master their own field. Moreover, as a typical general public, lay Internet users have a wide range of interests and remain enthusiastic about entry contribution.

DESAIN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN PARTAI POLITIK BERBASIS DEMOKRASI MENUJU KEMANDIRIAN PARTAI POLITIK

This article discussed fundamental issues about the financial management of political parties and provided a solution to the problem through a design for the financial management of democratic political parties. The method used a conceptual approach. The results showed that the negative impacts that occur when financial management was bad would affect its contribution to the people. What’s more when political parties have limitations in terms of structural and financial. Structural limitations were characterized by weak networks of work and organizations and oligarchic leadership. While financial limitations were characterized by political party financial dependence on donors so that political parties tend to rank the interests of contributors and forget the interests of the community. Large donors occupy strategic positions in the management of political parties or even become determinants of political party policies. For this reason, a political party financial management was needed in a democratic way and the independence of political parties becomes a necessity to realize the role and function of political parties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v3i12018p037

The politics of social protection expenditure and financing in southern Africa

Social protection is expanding in southern Africa, but consideration of its fiscal base is usually limited to affordability concerns. Little attention is paid to the different sources of revenue or how the interests of contributors to social protection may affect spending priorities. This article suggests there is a link between revenue source and social protection spending. Aid dependent countries' social protection policy is mostly determined by donors. The governments of countries that rely on natural resources or Southern African Customs Union revenue are relatively free to shape social protection policy. Only in countries that rely on domestic tax-based revenue, where the government must consider the interests of the taxpayer, is there something resembling a social contract for social protection, in which the citizens engage with their government through an exchange-based logic. This article concludes that a broad and diversified tax base is an important mechanism for creating a reciprocal relationship of this kind and thus increasing social spending.