Interest In Translational Studies Research Articles

Increasing Relevance and Applicability of Translation Studies in Bangladesh: From University Students’ Perspectives

This study explores the increasing relevance and applicability of translation studies in Bangladesh, focusing on university students’ perspectives. As globalization and technological advancements blur cultural boundaries, the demand for proficient translation has surged. This research investigates the current state of translation studies in Bangladeshi universities and its potential to enhance graduates’ career prospects. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, including focus group discussions (FGD) and surveys, the study reveals a growing awareness and interest in translation studies among students. Findings indicate a positive outlook on the discipline’s future, highlighting the need for improved curriculum and training programs. The study underscores the importance of translation in bridging cultural gaps and its potential to contribute significantly to the job market in Bangladesh.

Risk perception and risk management in legal translation: a questionnaire survey

ABSTRACT While risk as a concept has aroused interest in Translation Studies in recent years, empirical research on the topic is still lacking. Mostly regarded as an adverse factor, risk has close conceptual links to translation quality and translation ethics. Legal translation is a field in which risk awareness and risk management are of the utmost importance given the values at stake. Curiously, the number of lawsuits or formal complaints against translators is very low. A questionnaire survey was conducted among Czech legal translators to provide insights into their perception of risk and risk management methods. The results show that legal translation is mostly regarded as riskier than other areas of translation and that risk perception partly depends on previous exposure to the field. Translating into a foreign language, though potentially risky, is almost unanimously considered inevitable. Literal equivalents are perceived as safer than loose equivalents, but loose equivalents tend to be preferred with increasing practice. Complaints from clients are extremely rare and never have serious consequences. Current developments in the industry, such as the increasing use of internet resources and machine translation, are likely to have an impact on risk perception and risk management in the future.

Cognition and behaviour of reception in museum spaces

Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing interest in translation studies within museum settings, enabling museums to enhance visitor engagement and create a more meaningful visiting experience. Within cognitive translation studies, the use of eye tracking technology has emerged as a widely adopted method for investigating translators’ allocation of visual attention and cognitive resources. However, the application of eye tracking in museum translation studies has received limited attention. This study provides a critical review of the utilisation of eye tracking to examine visitors’ perception and reception in museum settings from both behavioural and cognitive perspectives. The article begins by selecting and categorising the reviewed papers. It then describes the methods employed for collecting and analysing eye movement data, followed by summaries and critical comments on the findings from the existing literature. This article further evaluates the reliability, validity, and practicality of existing eye tracking research in museum translation, and finally proposes the potential directions for future cognitive translation studies in museums.

Activism in translation: Yan Fu’s translational activism against foreign imperialism in late Qing China

The concept of translational activism underscores the ways translation has been used to promote social change. Translation and activism as an emerging area of interest in Translation Studies have attracted growing scholarly attention. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted on activist translation in the context of China. This study examines translational activism against foreign imperialism through a case study on Yan Fu, a pioneer activist translator in late Qing China. Tymoczko’s concepts of resistance and engagement are used as descriptive categories for the empirical analysis. The appraisal framework is adopted as the analytical tool to address Yan Fu’s positioning and activist intervention. It is found that Yan pursued two complementary forms of activism in his translation: Yan demonstrates his resistance to foreign imperialism by criticising foreign aggression and resisting imperial privileges; while Yan manifests his engagement by disclosing the national crisis, inspiring patriotism and calling for action. As textual intervention has received little attention in activist translation, the present study fills this gap by examining the linguistic and textual manifestations of Yan’s activist intervention. In addition to applying the new theoretical lens of activism to examine Yan’s translation practice, the present study makes a theoretical contribution by adopting the appraisal framework in the area of translation and activism.

TOWARDS A TRANSLATOR COMPETENCE MODEL FOR VIETNAMESE CONTEXT: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Translation competence, as the fundamental objective of any translation program, has been a subject of interest in Translation Studies for decades. Developing a translation competence model eminently suitable for the local industry is a crucial step towards the professionalization of the translation market in Vietnam. This paper presents a critical review of current literature on translation competence, its acquisition and various translation competence models with reference to the context of Vietnam. An in-depth analysis from the article is expected to give specific recommendations for policy-makers, translation educators, translation service users and translation practitioners to strive for the common goal of a professionalized industry.

An overview of the localisation of video games into Arabic

AbstractWith the emergence of video game localisation studies in the last decade, scholarly interest in translation studies in this young discipline has increased. Although globalisation has encouraged video game companies to offer their products in as many languages and markets as feasible, this academic discipline is still an under-researched area, especially in the Arab context. This article presents an overview to engender a better understanding of the nature of video games and their localisation in the Arab market. This market is distinct due to its culture, politics and language. In addition to the translational challenges related to the Arabic language, this study deals with the specificities of video game localisation from political, cultural and linguistic perspectives. This research offers a historical overview of the localisation of video games into Arabic since the inception of the practice, including an outline of the main localisation milestones in this field.

ЛІНГВОСТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АНГЛОМОВНОГО ГУМОРИСТИЧНОГО РОМАНУ-ФЕНТЕЗІ ТА ЇХНІЙ ПЕРЕКЛАД УКРАЇНСЬКОЮ

The relevance of an article is based on the need for a thorough study of means of linguostylistic actualization of English humor in modern fantasy literature and features of its rendering in Ukrainian translations, taking into account pragmatic and cross-cultural components. This is due to the popularity of the fantasy genre among a readership, and therefore requires the study of the features and problems of adequate translation of foreign fantasy novels by Ukrainian specialists, who often have difficulties translating author neologisms (occasionalisms) and proper names of fantasy creatures and characters. Increased interest in translation studies in many aspects of fantasy issues is evidenced by the recent emergence of a large number of works that reveal different aspects of humor. However, despite the interest in the subject, there is a small amount of exploration that addresses the issues of rendering humor and comic occasionalisms as units of linguostylistics in fantasy books in the English-Ukrainian translation. The purpose of this work is to analyze the linguostylistic specificity of translation of the humorous fantasy “Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them” from English into Ukrainian. The paper presents an analysis of the research material for the purpose of establishing the linguostylistic essence of J. K. Rolling’s occasionalisms, as well as the specifics of their interpretation, taking into account difficulties and cases of incompatibility of translation of the original due to various types and causes of complete and partial loss of sense of the original source. The basis for a comprehensive study of linguistic problems of author’s word-formation and translation analysis of tactics and operations involved in implementing a strategy of communicative-equal translation and adequate rendering of humorous fantasy in a pair of typologically different languages English-Ukrainian has been improved.

Current and Future Approaches for Monitoring Responses to Anti-complement Therapeutics.

Aberrations in complement system functions have been identified as either direct or indirect pathophysiological mechanisms in many diseases and pathological conditions, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, malignancies, and allogeneic transplantation. Currently available techniques to study complement include quantification of (a) individual complement components, (b) complement activation products, and (c) molecular mechanisms/function. An emerging area of major interest in translational studies aims to study and monitor patients on complement regulatory drugs for efficacy as well as adverse events. This area is progressing rapidly with several anti-complement therapeutics under development, in clinical trials, or already in clinical use. In this review, we summarized the appropriate indications, techniques, and interpretations of basic complement analyses, exemplified by a number of clinical disorders.

“Coming out” … as a translator? Expertise, identities and knowledge practices in an LGBTIQ* migrant community translation project

ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in translation studies in translation projects involving unpaid, “non-expert” translators. At the same time, the fields of science & technology studies and social movement studies have examined the social knowledge practices at work in social movements. This article discusses the case of a translation project by MiGaY, a Vienna-based activist organization dedicated to LGBTIQ* migrants in Austria. In 2016, MiGaY published a text on “coming out” that pays specific attention to the challenges faced by LGBTIQ* migrants. Drawing on Thomas Gieryn’s notion of boundary-work, this article examines how translation expertise is negotiated in relation to “translation”, “activism”, and “LGBTIQ*” questions. It proposes a distinction between identity position (e.g. an “expert” or “lay” translator) and knowledge practices (i.e. actual, contextually contingent knowledge processes), since these do not necessarily coincide.

Emily Dickinson po polsku

The article traces Polish translations of Dickinson’s poetry preceding and following the publication in the nineteen nineties of 200 poems by Emily Dickinson translated by Stanisław Barańczak. It comments on some Polish poets’ response to Dickinson in their own works and points to the growing body of publications online of private selections from Dickinson’s poems previously translated by established Polish poets (mostly Barańczak or Marjańska) as well as translations and original poems inspired by Dickinson’s work authored by less known poets, amateur translators and lovers of poetry. The article suggests that the increased Polish interest in Dickinson’s work is not only a kind of domino effect following Barańczak’s impressive translations. It also results from the growth of interest in translation studies and skills and must be related, too, to the fact that her poetry of private sensibility confronted with a dramatically changing world resonates with contemporary experience of the sensitive individual.

Ergonomics in translator and interpreter training

In the past few years, ergonomics has attracted a great deal of interest in Translation Studies. The most important reason for the sudden turn toward translation ergonomics is the profession’s susc...

Book Review: Susana Bayó Belenguer, Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, & Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin, editors, assisted by Giulia Zuodar (2013). TRANSLATION RIGHT OR WRONG. Four Courts Press, Dublin.Hardback 304pp. June 2013; ISBN:978-1-84682-372-5

This collection of essays published in 2013 has its origins in an international conference held in Trinity College Dublin in 2009. The three editors (assisted by Ph.D. student Giulia Zuodar), are Susana Bayo Belenguer, Eilean Ni Chuilleanain and Cormac O Cuilleanain, members of faculty at Trinity College where they teach Spanish, English and Italian respectively, as well as lecturing on the MA in literary translation there. The title of the collection could possibly cause some unease, seeming to hark back, as it does, to the traditional tendency of commentators over millennia to view translation as a question of success or failure rather than of endless possibilities. To once again try to approach translation from a right versus wrong perspective could possibly seem a retrograde step but any fear in that regard in relation to this volume is unfounded. The anachronistic ring to the title is deliberate and provocative but in reality there is nothing at all predictable, rehashed or a wearisome about this truly exciting collection of essays. Somewhat unusually, the work starts with a substantial introduction of almost 30 pages, in which the editors resist the temptation to limit themselves simply to short summaries of the chapters that follow and opt instead to launch into an invigorating and far-ranging discussion of the rights and wrongs of translation across civilisations and centuries in a wholly success effort to bring “new perspectives to bear on a long-lived and sometimes controversial issue”. Here you can find references to Sappho, St Jerome and Luther, on one page and, Milan Kundera, and translation theorist, James Holmes, on the next. One chapter explains the subtleties of fan-translation in contemporary pop culture while another deals with the Quechua language of the Andes. Refreshingly, the work includes output from a more diverse range of scholars and topics than would typically be represented at a single conference or in a single publication. Over the last 20 or so years, the growth of interest in translation studies has been such that there is frequently a tendency for scholarship on, say, literary translation to be accommodated in one type of conference, journal or book where research on audiovisual translation, for example, would be unlikely to appear side-by-side. Here, however, subtitles are discussed in one breath and literary classics in the next.

Gènere i traducció en català: bases arqueològiques per a un estat de la qüestió

En els darrers vint-i-cinc anys l’interès pels estudis de traducció i la relació amb el gènere ha propiciat una recerca abundant i diversa. Aquest article mira d’oferir una visió panoràmica sobre la intersecció de la traducció i els estudis de gènere en el context de la llengua catalana, un punt de partida per a recerques futures. D’una banda, donem notícia dels principals treballs, panoràmics i específics, que se centren en la recuperació de traductores catalanes i els seus escrits. De l’altra, repassem les teories que han plantejat la intersecció gènere i traducció en català.

International Dramaturgy: Translation and Transformations in the Theatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker (review)

Reviewed by: International Dramaturgy: Translation and Transformations in the Theatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker Sophie Bush Maya E. Roth and Sara Freeman, eds. International Dramaturgy: Translation and Transformations in the Theatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker. Dramaturgies: Texts, Cultures and Performances, No. 23. Brussels: Peter Lang, 2008. Pp. 292. $66.95 (Pb). Given the extent of Timberlake Wertenbaker's oeuvre, Maya E. Roth and Sara Freeman's International Dramaturgy, the first full-length volume on [End Page 280] the playwright, is overdue and very welcome. Rather than address the gap in the market with a more conventional overview of the playwright's work, Roth and Freeman frame their collection around the "bold proposition . . . that all of Wertenbaker's plays can be understood as translations in some fashion" (13). As the editors point out, such a focus is well timed with the current academic interest in translation studies. The editors' manifest commitment to interdisciplinarity and cultural diversity deserves much praise. As the book's cover notes, contributions have been gathered from "varied countries, language traditions, and disciplines," authored by literary and theatre scholars, theatre practitioners, writers and directors, classicists, and historians. The sixteen chapters form an even spread across Wertenbaker's major published plays (those appearing in her two volumes of collected plays) and her Greek and French translations, but they do not address more recent works, such as Jenufa and Galileo's Daughter, or her earlier, unpublished pieces, many of which could fit well into the frame of study, as the editors acknowledge. Notable essays include Freeman's own "Group Tragedy and Diaspora: New and Old Histories of Exile and Family in Wertenbaker's Hecuba and Credible Witness," which explores Benedict Anderson's idea of "imagined communities" in relation to the displaced people of Wertenbaker's asylum play, Credible Witness. Freeman recognizes the hopeful quality of Wertenbaker's writing, which "reaches back to ancient Greek models [such as Hecuba and Trojan Women] but transforms the purgatory of exile into the potential of diaspora" (63). Equally impressive is Kate Bligh's "Oppositional Symmetries: An Anthropological Voyage through Our Country's Good and The Poetics." Bligh's examination of her hypothesis that "virtually every structural mechanism in Our Country's Good symmetrically opposes one of [Aristotle's] strictures" (177) proves there is still much academic mileage to be had from Wertenbaker's best-known and much-discussed play. In fact, Bligh's arguments provide some refreshing reassessments that counter the accusations of cultural imperialism sometimes laid against this text. Particularly astute is her reading of Wertenbaker's "reduction" of the Aboriginal presence within the play to one solitary figure as a reversal of an Aristotelian chorus: anonymous, observational, and representative of the (native) people. Bligh argues persuasively that this strategic diminution can be considered the counter-side to Wertenbaker's parallel expansion of Aristotle's recommended single protagonist to a community of subjects. Towards the end of the volume are two interviews with theatre practitioners: the American director Carey Perloff, who has collaborated with Wertenbaker on translations of Hecuba and Phaedra (interviewed by Roth); and the Egyptian-born Dalia Basiouny, a writer, director, performer, [End Page 281] and scholar who has translated The Love of the Nightingale into Egyptian. Basiouny's interview (conducted skilfully by Freeman) in particular adds a great deal to the volume. Basiouny seems to embody the volume's preoccupations most convincingly of all: her multicultural, multilingual, and multidisciplinary perspective is lived practice rather than matter for theoretical speculation. The editorial decision to arrange chapters neither chronologically nor "in 'formal' divisions" - there are no subsections through which to navigate the book's sixteen chapters - but in "dialogic clusters that jump from translations to new works" (26) creates some problems for the volume's overall clarity. Whilst the intention not to pigeon-hole the chapters or the plays they discuss is admirable, and one that Wertenbaker's own distaste for labels would no doubt support, the consequent loss of structure makes the book seem a little daunting. In her introduction, Roth voices the hope that this structure will "surface conversation across chapters" and "take a cue from Wertenbaker's own dramaturgy, where gaps and connections . . . foster critical engagement" (26). At times, the chapters...

Plasma bcl-2 and nitric oxide: possible prognostic role in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Interest in translational studies on breast cancer is presently devoted to identifying biological predictors of disease prognosis and response to treatment. In this study, we determined the plasma levels of bcl-2 and nitric oxide in 45 patients with metastatic breast cancer using an ELISA technique and correlated them with clinical and biological factors that may affect the outcome of disease. The results were as follows. The mean level of bcl-2 was 278.44 +/- 383.2 U/L compared with 64.42 +/- 14.4 U/L (p = 0.007) for controls. Levels of bcl-2 were higher in patients less than 50 yr old, premenopausals., GIII tumors, positive nodes, ER positive tumors (p = 0.6, 0.5, 0.9, 0.4, and 0.005, respectively). The site of metastatic disease and the number of metastatic sites did not show statistically significant influences over bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, there was a trend, although not significant, toward improvement of survival in patients with higher levels of bcl-2. The mean level of the nitric oxide (NO) was 297.12 +/- 220.54 microM compared with 13.91 +/- 1.1 microM for controls (p = 0.003). The levels were higher in patients over 50 yr, postmenopausal patients, those with visceral deposits, grade III tumors, positive lymph nodes, and those with disease-free survival of less than 6 mo following primary treatment (p = 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.4, and 0.08 respectively). Furthermore, there was no correlation between NO levels and survival (r = 0.002). This study demonstrates a potential role for NO and bcl-2 as prognostic factors in patients with metastatic breast cancer. However, larger studies with more patients together with a comparison of serum levels (ELISA) and tissue levels (MOAb) are still required.

Clinical studies of Bcl-2 and treatment benefit in breast cancer patients.

Interest in translational studies aimed at investigating the role of biologic markers in predicting clinical outcome of breast cancer patients and, in particular, response to specific treatments, has progressively increased. Among biologic variables presently under investigation, apoptosis markers, in particular Bcl-2 and Bax expression, are receiving much attention for their relationship with the cellular response to genotoxic damage in experimental tumors. Retrospective, independent studies were carried out by several research groups on about 5000 patients with breast cancer at different stages and with an adequate follow-up. The outcome of separate analyses as a function of treatment generally demonstrated that Bcl-2 overexpression, which correlates with biologic features of a differentiated phenotype (slow proliferation, high steroid receptor levels, absence of p53 and c-erB-2 expression), is associated with a favorable outcome. Such a finding is mainly evident following surgery as well as endocrine treatment. Conversely, no or weak Bcl-2 expression, alone or in association with bax overexpression, appears indicative of a radiation response, and preliminary emerging evidence supports the involvement of such an association of apoptosis-related markers even as predictors of long-term response to neoadjuvant cytotoxic treatment. Although the findings of an involvement of Bcl-2 and Bax as determinants of treatment response should be confirmed within the context of randomized clinical trials, they indicate a combined consideration of proteins that negatively and positively regulate apoptosis in translational studies on the effect of chemical and physical agents at a cellular level.